钢筋混凝土结构中钢筋锈蚀后力学性能变化的试验研究

本文通过工程实例调查分析的方法,研究了钢筋混凝土结构中钢筋在锈蚀、腐蚀后的力学性能的变化,有助于评估服役钢筋混凝土结构承载力的降低程度和耐久性。     

Study on Large Power Tractor Driver’s Heart Rate and Fatigue in Sowing Work

In order to reduce the driving fatigue in sowing work, this paper based on heart rate (HR) as the main indicator to survey, tested and analyzed the fatigue condition of the drivers of three imported tractors and one domestic tractor in sowing work. The results showed that when driving the imported tractors in sowing work, the HR increasing rate was 10.4%-14.3%, labor intensity belonged to the light level;when driving domestic tractor in sowing work, the HR increasing rate was 23.4%-33.0%, it was remarkably bigger than that of driving imported tractors (P＜0.05), labor intensity belonged to the middle level. The main effects on driving fatigue included the control methods, tractors' cab environment, processing time, operating content, and so on. Finally, we proposed the concrete measures and suggestions to reduce driving fatigue and improve drivers' work condition.     

微分及其在理论力学中的应用

微分有两个含义:1.对于与时间有关的函数(称之为动态函数)f而言,微分df表示在无限小的时间dt内函数f的增加量,即df=f(t dt)-f(t);2.对于与时间无关的函数(称之为静态函数)g而言,微分dg表示g的微小部分,所有dg之和等于g。时间的微分即时间的增加量dt总是恒大于0的正实数。函数f的增加量df与时间的增加量dt之比称为函数f的增加率,而非变化率。函数f的减小量-df与时间的增加量dt之比称为函数f的减小率。变化率包括增加率与减小率两种情况。质点所受到的合外力等于它的动量的增加率。作用力与反作用力互为对偶力。保守力与势能梯度互为对偶矢量。势能定理即势能的减小量等于保守力所作的功。     

外源施加棉子糖对离体拟南芥叶片失水速率的影响

[目的]研究外源施加棉子糖与植物成熟器官耐逆的相关性。[方法]将拟南芥离体叶片分别浸泡在Hoagland水溶液和0.1%棉子糖(W/V)的Hoagland水溶液中,黑暗中浸泡24 h,重复5次,探讨了含0.1%(W/V)棉子糖的Hoagland溶液对拟南芥离体叶片失水速率的影响。[结果]含0.1%棉子糖的Hoagland水溶液处理叶片的饱和鲜重为对照的104.46%。在正常温度光照条件下,含0.1%棉子糖的Hoagland处理的叶片失水速率与对照的基本保持一致,但同样时间点测量的鲜重较高。含0.1%棉子糖的Hoagland处理的叶片干重较对照的偏高,为对照的104.20%。[结论]外源施加棉子糖增加了饱和鲜重和干重,提高了拟南芥离体叶片的脱水胁迫耐性,同样时间点的生物量下降较少,失水速率基本不变。     

起身期断根对冬小麦后期光合和生长的影响

通过盆栽小麦起身期断根试验,研究了断初生根和部分次生根对小麦后期光合和生长的影响。结果表明:断初生根和部分次生根,均降低了断根初期小麦光合速率,而促进后期光合速率;同时,断根降低了成熟期小麦根系干质量、地上部干质量以及产量;断初生根比断部分次生根对小麦的影响更明显。     

浅圆仓玉米破碎率调查报告

本文通过对浅圆仓储存玉米的破碎率进行调查，分析了输送流程中各种输送设备对玉米破碎率的影响程度；通过对入储浅圆仓后的玉米破碎率高低的分布作较详尽的调查，指出玉米破碎导致脂肪酸值快速升高，影响了玉米储存安全。文章提出了影响玉米破碎率的因素和减少破碎率的建议。     

How to maintain improved cultivars

Improved cultivars loose their identity and healthiness unless maintained properly. Contaminating and degrading forces, such as outcrossing, volunteer plants, mixing, natural selection, mutation and seed-borne diseases, are at the root of this. Maintenance selection can prevent this deterioration. How it is carried out depends on the reproduction system of the crop. Crops are therefore classified into four categories; typical cross-pollinating crops, self-pollinating crops with a substantial amount of outcrossing, typical self-pollinating crops with little outcrossing, and the vegetatively reproduced crops. Generally some of the “breeder seed” is used to plant a small plot with spaced plants. A fair number of healthy plants of the cultivar type is selected and the seed is harvested per plant. The progenies of the selected plants are grown in small plots. Non-uniform or deviating plots and plots with a seed-borne disease are removed. The seed of the progenies that are healthy, uniform and similar (and so of the cultivar type) are harvested per progeny to be tested next season on larger plots. The same selection is applied and only the seed of the progenies that are healthy, uniform and similar are harvested together to produce the “breeder seed”. The details of this maintenance selection vary with the reproduction system, the multiplication rate of the crop and the possibilities available to the breeder. Seven crops, potato, common bean, barley, wheat, faba bean, quinoa and maize are discussed here as they represent the different reproduction systems and multiplication rates, while being important Andean food crops.     

华西箭竹(Fargesia nitida)种子特征及其萌发特性

华西箭竹(Fargesia nitida)是大熊猫天然采食的主要竹种之一,由于开花习性独特,对其种子的研究报道还很少见。对华西箭竹种子的基本特征及不同温度下的萌发特性进行了研究。结果表明:华西箭竹种子长为(5.01±0.43)mm、宽(1.99±0.18)mm、厚(1.72±0.13)mm、千粒重(11.51±0.07)g;风干种子的化学组成:水分含量为(10.22±0.36)%、淀粉(74.52±0.57)%、粗蛋白(7.54±0.32)%、粗脂肪(3.71±0.17)%、可溶性糖(2.94±0.21)%、其他成分仅占(1.04±0.01)%。其种子萌发的适宜温度为20~25℃;低于20℃或高于25℃,种子的萌发率都会下降。     

影响籼粳稻杂交F1花药培养效果的因素分析

以津稻291/IRBB60籼粳杂交F1、反交F1及其亲本的花药为外植体,对诱导和分化培养基、激素配比及有机附加物和高温预培养时间等影响花药培养效果的因素进行研究。结果表明,在SK3基本培养基中添加2 mg/L 2,4-D,1 mg/L NAA和1 mg/L KT比只添加2 mg/L 2,4-D的愈伤诱导率高0.67～2.78个百分点;在诱导培养基中添加水解酪蛋白能明显提高正交F1的愈伤诱导率;MS 1 mg/L NAA 2 mg/L 6-BA 0.5 mg/L KT分化培养基得到了较高的绿苗分化率;正交F1的愈伤诱导率、绿苗分化率和花培力显著高于反交F1;30℃高温预培养36 h,正交F1花培力达到最高值。     

不同施肥条件对鱼腥草碳氮代谢生理指标的影响

【研究目的】结合前期对产量、品质的研究，探讨不同施肥条件下鱼腥草叶片主要碳氮代谢指标的变化及其与产量形成的关系。【方法】采用单因子随机区组设计进行施肥实验，测定鱼腥草叶片光合速率、硝酸还原酶活性、叶绿素和粗蛋白的含量。【结果】各施肥处理中以较低施肥水平人粪尿处理的鱼腥草叶片含叶绿素总量最高，达2.552 mg/gFW，以中等施肥水平鸭粪的净光合速率最高，为8.306μmol/(m2·s)。施用不同肥料的鱼腥草叶片硝酸还原酶活性大小为：鸭粪>猪粪>常规施肥>化肥>人粪尿，各处理以中等施肥水平的猪粪处理的硝酸还原酶最高，达46.2μg NO2-/(h·g)FW；粗蛋白以施用较高水平化肥的最高（13.31%）。【结论】施用有机肥能显著提高鱼腥草叶片的碳代谢，这有利于其产量的形成；但施用人粪尿不利于提高鱼腥草叶片硝酸还原酶活性和蛋白质的形成与积累。