Effect of erythropoietin on expression of myocardial NADPH oxidase in pressure overload rats

AIM:To explore the effect of erythropoietin （EPO） on the expression of myocardial NADPH oxidase （Nox） in the pressure overload rats. METHODS:Male SD rats (n=36) were used to establish a pressure overload myocardial hypertrophy model by abdominal aorta ligation. The animals were divided into model group, control group (sham, without narrowing abdominal aorta, the rest of the operation was the same as the model) and recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) treatment group (intraperitoneal injection of rhEPO postoperatively, 4 000 U/kg, twice a week). After 8 weeks, the cardiac ultrasound imaging and hemodynamic evaluation were conducted to determine the cardiac functions. Masson staining was used to observe the degree of myocardial fibrosis. The expression of Nox2 and Nox4 at mRNA and protein levels was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The protein levels of myocardial inflammatory factors CD45, F4/80 and TGF-β were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS:Compared with model group, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP) and left ventricular pressure maximum rising and falling rates (±dp/dtmax) increased significantly in EPO treatment group (P<0.01). At the same time, left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were decreased in EPO treatment group (P<0.01). EPO reduced the degree of myocardial fibrosis caused by pressure overload (P<0.01) and decreased the expression of Nox2 and Nox4 at mRNA and protein levels in the myocardium (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and reduced the protein expression of myocardial inflammatory factors CD45, F4/80 and TGF-β. CONCLUSION: EPO inhibits rat myocar-dial fibrosis induced by pressure overload, improves heart functions by decreasing NADPH oxidase activity and inhibiting myocardial oxidative stress levels and myocardial inflammatory reaction.     

重金属镉胁迫对大弹涂鱼肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响

研究了在重金属镉胁迫条件下,大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmuspectinirostris)肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的变化。重金属镉胁迫12h时0·5mg/LCd2 组XOD酶活性和对照组比较显著升高(P<0·05);胁迫24h时,大弹涂鱼0·05mg/LCd2 组肝脏的XOD酶活性和对照组比较极显著升高(P<0·01),而0·5mg/LCd2 组酶活性结果却降低;恢复3d时0·5mg/LCd2 又极显著升高(P<0·01)。在镉胁迫解除5d时,3个浓度组的酶活性均极显著降低(P<0·01),其中0·05mg/LCd2 组和0·5mg/LCd2 组的酶活性和对照组酶活性比较无显著差异(P>0·05),5mg/LCd2 组的酶活性极显著低于对照组的酶活性(P<0·01)。实验结果表明,大弹涂鱼肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性对水体中镉污染敏感,有可能用做海洋环境污染的生物标记。     

Ascorbic acid status as affected by dietary treatment in the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt): tissue concentration,mobilisation and L-gulonolactone oxidase activity

A study was conducted to evaluate tissue storage and mobilisation of L-ascorbic acid (AA) in the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) fed three different experimental diets. The three treatments consisted of a diet devoid of vitamin C (diet A0) and two diets supplemented with equivalent of 300 mg AA kg^–1 in the form of either silicone-coated ascorbic acid (diet SC) or of ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (diet AP). During the first phase (4 months) of the trial, six batches of 130 Siberian sturgeon (initial body weight: 25.5±0.5 g) each were fed one of the three diets in duplicate. During the second phase (3 months), fish from groups SC and AP were switched to diet A0 and those fed diet A0 during the first phase were switched to diet SC. Irrespective of the dietary treatment, growth rates were not significantly different from each other. At the end of phase I, in all tissues studied, total ascorbic acid (TAA) concentrations were higher in Siberian sturgeon fed diet AP than in the other two groups. During phase II, tissue ascorbate depletion was also higher in the AP group than in the other two groups. Transfer of the AA-free diet fed group onto a diet supplemented with 300 mg AA kg^–1 (diet SC) led to a slight increase in the TAA concentrations in all tissues. Blood plasma tyrosine concentrations were not significantly different between the three groups. Whole-body collagen levels were affected by dietary AA levels or forms at the end of phase I; the differences were not significant at the end of phase II. Muscle collagen levels were slightly affected. L-Gulonolactone oxidase activity was found in the kidney of Siberian sturgeon, but not in the liver. The ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate appears to be either better utilised by Siberian sturgeon, like in many other teleosts, or more stable than the silicone-coated AA during food processing and storage. Presence of L-gulonolactone oxidase activity in Siberian sturgeon kidney combined with the absence of gross scorbutic signs in AA-free diet fed groups expressing very good growth rates suggested no need of dietary AA byA. baeri.     

104份甘肃小麦品种脂肪氧化酶和多酚氧化酶活性基因等位变异的检测

面粉和面制品的色泽是评价小麦品质的重要指标。小麦脂肪氧化酶(LOX)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性对面粉白度及面制品的色泽具有重要影响。为给甘肃省小麦品质育种提供参考依据,以104份甘肃省育成的小麦品种为材料,利用功能标记LOX16、LOX18、PPO18、PPO16和PPO29检测TaLox-B1、PpoA1及Ppo-D1位点的等位变异,分析甘肃小麦品种资源中LOX和PPO活性基因的组成和分布特点。结果表明,在甘肃小麦中,等位变异TaLox-B1a和TaLox-B1b的频率分别为22.12%和77.88%;其中,甘肃冬小麦品种高LOX活性等位变异TaLox-B1a的分布频率(30.56%)高于春小麦(3.13%)。等位变异Ppo-A1a、PpoA1b、Ppo-D1a和Ppo-D1b的频率分别为49.04%、50.96%、50.96%和49.04%;两个PPO基因的等位变异组合Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b、Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1a、Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1b和Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1a的分布频率依次为28.85%、20.19%、20.19%和30.77%。说明在甘肃小麦品种中,低LOX活性等位变异(TaLox-B1b)品种比例较高;低PPO活性等位变异(Ppo-A1b、Ppo-D1a)品种分布比例略高于高PPO活性类型;其中,32份小麦品种在TaLox-B1、Ppo-A1和Ppo-D1三个位点同时含有高LOX活性和低PPO活性的等位变异。     

Bipolaris australiensis HD-1胆红素氧化酶纯化、鉴定及其酶学性质

[目的]为了获得B.bipolaris HD-1胆红素氧化酶纯品,确定酶的同源性及其常规酶学性质.[方法]将B.bipolaris HD-1发酵液依次通过硫酸铵盐析、阴离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析确定蛋白的纯度、浓度和酶活力;通过基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF）法获得氨基酸序列,并利用Mascot软件在NCBI蛋白库中的比对,以确定同源蛋白来源;用SDS-PAGE方法测其表观分子量;用等电聚焦方法测定等电点;用Linwerver-Burk双倒数作图法测定米氏常数;并对该酶的酶学性质进行了常规的测定.[结果]获得具有胆红素氧化酶酶活性的电泳纯单体蛋白,酶活为46 000 U/L,比活为1.15 U/mg;MALDI-TOF共获得135个氨基酸,该蛋白与来源于Hel-minthosporium tritici-vulgaris的漆酶前体蛋白序列同源性达100％;蛋白的表观分子量为68 kDa;pI为4.1;它对ABTS和胆红素的米氏常数分别为Km（ABTS） =1.8×10-5 mol/L（pH 3.0）和Km（bilirnbin）=2.7×10-5 mol/L（pH 7.5）;对胆红素的最适催化活性为36℃,酶在-40℃下可保持2年,酶活保持在90％以上,在pH 8 ～9.5下可保持相当高的催化胆红素活性,能够耐受高浓度的硝酸钠和尿素,低浓度的叠氮化钠对酶活有促进作用而高浓度则抑制,对氯化钠、溶解氧敏感.[结论]该蛋白具有典型的胆红素氧化酶特性,又存在明显的不同.     

木奈叶片乙醇酸氧化酶基因全长 cDNA的分离与表达研究

乙醇酸氧化酶（ glycolate oxidase,GLO）是植物光呼吸途径中的一种限速酶,催化羟乙酸盐氧化成乙醛酸盐和H2 O2,与植物的诱导抗病性密切相关。试验从已构建好的木奈（ Prunus salicina Lindl．var．cordata J．Y．Zhang et al．）5个不同生长发育时期叶片的均一化全长cDNA文库中分离得到了一个乙醇酸氧化酶（ GLO）基因,命名为PsGLO。序列分析表明,PsGLO基因cDNA全长为1531 bp,开放阅读框为1122 bp,编码374个氨基酸。氨基酸多重序列比对表明,该基因与陆地棉乙醇酸氧化酶基因相似性最高,为90％。荧光定量PCR分析表明, PsGLO基因在木奈叶中木奈叶芽、展开叶、幼叶、成熟叶、老叶5个不同生长发育时期中都有表达,其中,老叶中表达量最高,叶芽最低。     

木薯叶多酚氧化酶的提取及其酶学性质研究

以木薯叶为原料,研究木薯叶多酚氧化酶PPO的最佳提取条件与酶学性质。结果表明,木薯叶PPO 的 最佳提取条件为磷酸缓冲液PBS的pH 值6.8料液比4 mL/g提取时间6 h;木薯叶PPO 酶促反应产物在399 nm 处有最大吸收峰,以邻苯二酚为底物的酶促反应的米氏常数Km=0.8 mol/L动力学方程为V=2000[S]/0.8+[S]该酶最 适温度为37益,最适pH 值为7.0。     

金银花多酚氧化酶特异性与抑制剂动力学研究

对金银花多酚氧化酶底物特异性和不同抑制剂的抑制效应进行了动力学分析,结果表明:金银花多酚氧化酶的最适作用底物为绿原酸,Km值为0.0059 mmol/L。维生素C、4-己基间苯二酚、L-半胱氨酸对多酚氧化酶的抑制均属可逆抑制,其抑制类型分别属于混合性、竞争性、反竞争性,对游离酶的抑制常数KI分别为1.620、4.587、0 mmol/L,对酶-底物络合物的抑制常数KIS分别为1.995、0、3.780 mmol/L;柠檬酸的抑制效应属不可逆抑制。维生素C、4-己基间苯二酚、L-半胱氨酸、柠檬酸对金银花多酚氧化酶半抑制浓度分别为0.062、0.053、0.140、0.048 mmol/L。     

Effect of aluminum uptake on growth and enzyme activity in Pisum sativum var. ‘Alaska’ and ‘Little Marvel’

It is usually assumed that plant tissue responses to nutritional elements are due to specific genetic differences that may exist either between inbred or closely related species. Little Marvel (dwarf) and Alaska (normal) varieties of 14‐day old pea seedlings were treated with four different concentrations of Al‐containing nutrient solution (0.0mM, 0.2mM, 0.6mM and distilled H₂O), prior to being exposed for 14 days to either DARK, LIGHT, or UV. Selected tissues (root tip, main root, main stem and proximal stem) were bioassayed for peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activities, fresh wt vs. dry wt, water uptake and stem growth. The present study suggests that Little Marvel and Alaska pea tissue responds to high toxicity levels of Al by demonstrating an enhancement of enzymic activity. Tissue weight, growth and water uptake also show differential tissue specificity in both Little Marvel and Alaska tissue, in terms of Al toxicity response, given a particular external exposure.     

枯草杆菌YLNF基因编码蛋白产物性质的研究

将枯草杆菌ylnF基因经PCR扩增,酶切后插入表达质粒pET15b中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),诱导表达,金属螯合亲和层析一步纯化,酶活性测定。结果表明:ylnF基因编码产物是依赖于NAD 的前咕啉-2氧化酶,一个西罗血红素生物合成末端的酶。SDS-PAGE显示YlnF亚基分子量约22kD,全酶分子量约25kD,显示酶为单体酶。将Asp102定点突变Ala102,酶活丧失,表明Asp102在催化中起重要作用。