不同栽培模式对金盏花植株养分积累和色素含量的影响

研究在平作漫灌、垄作沟灌2种灌水方式及4 200、3 600、3 000 m3/hm 3种灌水量的不同栽培模式条件下,金盏花植株氮、磷、钾养分积累和色素含量的变化.结果表明:在相同灌水量下金盏花垄作沟灌植株积累的氮、磷、钾积累量较传统方式的少,垄作沟灌3 600 m3/hm2的氮、磷、钾积累量在垄作沟灌处理中最大,且在主要收获期色素含量较高,表明垄作沟灌有利于营养元素运送到花朵中以提高色素的含量,改善金盏花的加工品质.     

用大孔树脂纯化栀子黄色素的研究

为降低栀子黄色素中栀子苷的含量，提高栀子黄色素稳定性，该文就10种大孔树脂纯化栀子黄色素进行了研究。结果表明，A-5大孔树脂选择性吸附藏花素的能力较强，吸附率和解吸率均达85%以上，经其纯化后的栀子黄色素OD值比率(即栀子苷在最大吸收波长238 nm处的吸光值与藏花素在最大吸收波长440 nm处的吸光值的比值)可降至0.4以下，实现了对藏花素与栀子苷的有效分离，适于栀子黄色素的纯化。     

大孔树脂纯化盐地碱蓬红色素的工艺研究

为纯化盐地碱蓬红色素,提高其色价,选取X-5、HPD300、D101、HPD400、NKA-9和AB-8等6种大孔树脂对盐地碱蓬红色素进行静态吸附试验,筛选最佳纯化色素树脂,并研究最佳树脂对盐地碱蓬红色素的纯化工艺条件.结果表明,X-5大孔树脂对盐地碱蓬红色素的吸附和解吸效果较好.在动态吸附中,当上样液浓度为1 mg/mL、pH值为6、流速为5 BV/h时,X-5对盐地碱蓬红色素吸附效果最好;以60％乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱流速为5 BV/h时,解吸效果最好;盐地碱蓬红色素纯化后,色价提高了6.14倍.     

不同品种水稻叶片的高光谱特征及其色素、含水率分析

研究了7个供试水稻品种孕穗期叶片色素以及含水率与高光谱特征参数之间的关系.在绿峰反射、红谷吸收以及水分吸收处,不同供试水稻品种高光谱波段反射率有显著差异.利用相关的分析方法,以(R6,40-R670)/R670、(R800-R680)/(R800+R800)、1/R510-1/R550、Dr、Sr、Rg6个光谱参数构建水稻叶片色素模型;同时,分析1 450 nm处水稻叶片含水率与吸收深度及吸收面积的相关性.研究表明,不同品种水稻含水率与光谱吸收差异在一定程度上反映出水稻品种间抗虫性差异.水稻叶片色素、含水率的高光谱特征在较大尺度上对田间水稻品种分类、健康诊断和品种抗性鉴定上有重大意义.     

辣椒红色素色价与含量的关系及提高稳定性的方法

[目的]为辣椒红色素的开发与应用提供实验基础。[方法]考察了辣椒红色素的含量与色价之间的关系,并且研究了温度、光照对辣椒红色素稳定性的影响,考察和比较了天然抗氧化剂没食子酸、迷迭香酸、茶多酚、天然VC和化学合成抗氧化剂BHT、TBHQ对辣椒红色素稳定性的影响。[结果]辣椒红色素色价和辣椒红素含量相关性很好。温度超过80℃对辣椒红稳定性的影响较大;在避光条件下辣椒红较稳定,强光条件下极不稳定;通过添加抗氧化剂,可以改善其不稳定性,延缓褪色,且没食子酸和TBHQ的效果显著。[结论]没食子酸为抗氧化剂的最佳选择。     

烤烟不同供氮模式对烟叶色素和香气物质含量的影响

为生产优质烟叶提供理论依据,以贵州烟区主栽品种毕纳1号进行盆栽试验,精准控制烟株不同时期的供氮比例,研究3种氮素供应模式(处理1,伸根期20%+旺长期45%+成熟期35%;处理2,伸根期25%+旺长期55%+成熟期20%;处理3,伸根期30%+旺长期65%+成熟期5%)对烟叶质体色素和烤后烟叶香气物质含量的影响。结果表明:处理3烟叶成熟期质体色素降解速度快,烤后烟叶色素残留量低,类胡萝卜素含量最大,中部、上部烟叶分别为(177.84±5.69)μg/g和(139.93±1.13)μg/g,分别比处理2增加13.8%和20.1%,比处理1增加4.6%和10.0%,其中处理3烟叶的β-大马酮、β-二氢大马酮、巨豆三烯酮等及类西柏烷类含量、上部叶棕色化产物和新植二烯等致香成分含量均较高。前重后轻供氮模式的烟叶质量显著优于后期持续供氮模式的烟叶,有利于促进烟叶前期合成较多的质体色素,后期充分降解形成香气成分,对提高烟叶香味品质十分有利。     

Pigment deficiency correction in shrimp broodstock using Spirulina as a carotenoid source

In this study, an effort was made to cure the pigment deficiency syndrome (PDS) exhibited by pond‐reared Fenneropenaeus indicus (H.Milne Edwards) broodstock, using the blue‐green algae Spirulina as a carotenoid source in diet. The PDS symptoms included bleaching of ovary and reduced early larval performance. Biochemical analysis indicated reduced quantity of total carotenoids in egg and nauplii from the females with PDS. When PDS females were fed 30 g kg^?1Spirulina‐supplemented diet immediately after the appearance of symptoms, the egg and nauplii carotenoid values improved gradually and attained the pre‐PDS values after a minimum of 4 week period. Spirulina supplementation also improved significantly (P < 0.05) the spawn quality (hatch per spawn, nauplii per spawn, nauplii viability) and larval quality indices (P < 0.05). The egg and nauplii protein values exhibited a trend similar to carotenoids, confirming the influence of latter on protein stability previously reported by researchers. The study confirms the bioavailability of carotenoids from Spirulina to shrimp broodstock and recommends its regular inclusion in diet to preclude carotenoid deficiency‐related problems in shrimp hatcheries.     

Study on the Genetics and Development of Fiber Pigments and Color Deviation After Wetting Process of Naturally Colored Cotton

The genetic control of fiber pigment color in naturally colored cotton was studied. The expres-sion of brown and green fiber color was controlled by incompletely dominant single genes and incompletelydominant major genes, respectively. Production and accumulation of the fiber pigment were related to specialexpression of enzymatic genes for pigment synthesis in fiber cells. At the stage of fiber lengthening, naturallycolored cotton, like white cotton, appeared purely white. But when fiber cell walls entered the thickeningstage, pigment appeared by degrees. When the fiber was completely matured (on boll dehiscence), the colorreached its darkest level. After wetting process treatment, the hues of the fiber pigment changed in regularpatterns. The hue circle for brown and green cotton changed in the opposite direction with wetting processtreatment. In general, the treated cotton color and luster became dark and vivid, and this trend provided the possibili-ty for enhancing the fiber quality by suitable enviromnental friendly finishing. The analysis showed that the color andluster of the cotton may be controlled by a series of pigments which show different chemical performance.     

黑玉米色素的提取工艺及特性研究

通过正交实验，以黑玉米吸光度及净重为指标．优选出黑玉米色素提取工艺最佳条件是：pH值为9的蒸馏水，料液比1：15，40℃恒温水浴提取2次．每次lh．对黑玉米色素的稳定性研究结果表明：色素最大吸收波长为2lOnm：该色素具有较强的耐酸性、耐还原性、耐盐性．其在酸性条件下耐光性极佳。     

用二步法生产天然食用栀子蓝色素

采用微生物发酵和酶促反应分开的方法（二步法）制得色泽鲜明的栀子蓝色素。结果表明，栀子果粉中与京尼平甙共存的α－藏花素是影响色素色泽的主要因素之一。用一种大网孔树脂栀子水浸液过柱吸附，可将京尼平甙与藏花素分离。氨基酸种类对二步法形成色素的色泽影响甚大。其中亮氨酸，精氨酸和苯丙氨酸所形成色素的色泽最佳，呈美丽蓝色。