加强基础研究 促进科技创新——以新疆农业科学院省部级重点实验室为例

在推进“一带一路”核心区建设和国家全面加强基础科学研究发展的背景下,文章以新疆农业科学院省部级重点实验室近5年运行管理、科技创新、成果产出与转化为例,探讨如何利用区位优势,完善优化重点实验室平台环境,加强基础研究,促进科技创新,以期为更好地服务新疆“三农”工作提供思路。     

Isolation of Streptococcus cuniculi from corneal lesion in laboratory-raised mice

Corneal lesions appearing as white mass beneath intact epithelium, with ocular discharge in one mouse, was observed in a batch of laboratory-raised BALB/c mice (n=9 of 56). The affected mice remained active, well-groomed and had normal appetite. Isolates recovered from swab cultures of the external and internal contents of the eye had partial 16S rRNA gene sequence of 99.1% similarity to Streptococcus cuniculi. No previous report of S. cuniculi infection in laboratory rodents has been presented. The isolate was susceptible to all antibiotics tested. We suggest S. cuniculi is an opportunistic bacteria in laboratory mice but are uncertain of its source. Our findings revealed that S. cuniculi is able to colonize laboratory mice and should be considered when mice present with eye lesion or ocular discharge.     

动物生物安全二级实验室建设探讨

为满足兽用生物制品免疫攻毒试验需求,参照实验动物设施建设相关国家标准及生物安全实验室建筑技术规范,设计和建设了一个双走廊模式、屏障环境、符合生物安全二级要求的动物生物安全二级实验室(ABSL-2),可满足使用清洁级以上的实验动物进行的感染性试验的需求。本文针对ABSL-2的设施设计要点、生物安全控制等相关理念和内容进行了阐述,强调建设过程应高度关注生物安全防护问题,以期为建设相关单位建设实验室提供信息参考。     

四川省一些实验动物养殖场SPF大鼠和小鼠肠内容物中金黄色葡萄球菌的检测

调查四川省一些实验动物养殖场的实验动物中金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,SA)携带情况,找出传播途径和进化规律,分析其污染原因,为保障实验动物质量提供技术支撑。按照GB/T 14926.14-2001《实验动物金黄色葡萄球菌检测方法》对2011年-2017年四川省部分实验动物中SA进行检测,对分离的SA菌株进行PCR耐药基因mecA检测,并应用金黄色葡萄球菌A蛋白(Staphylococcus protein A,SPA)和脉冲场电泳(pulsed field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)进行分子分型。结果显示,2011年-2017年共从7家实验动物养殖场采集并完成370只实验动物中SA的检测,共检出SA 31株,总分离率为12.16%,且均从SPF大鼠中分离所得。31株SA的mecA基因均为阴性。SPA可分成5个型别,其中T2360为优势型别,PFGE型别有10个带型。四川省养殖实验动物中仅SPF大鼠携带SA,不同年份检出SA基因型别基本不同,不同养殖场同一年检出的SA具有相同基因型,说明不同养殖场中的SA可能来自同一污染源,应加强SPF大鼠监控,以确保实验动物的质量。     

从江县鲤爆发性死亡病例实验室诊断

2018年10月贵州省从江县某水产养殖专业合作社鲤爆发死亡,本研究对死亡病例进行了流行病学调查、病理学观察、寄生虫学检查、细菌分离鉴定和病毒PCR检测等诊断。结果显示:病鲤病变以鳃丝溃烂、体表出血、肛门红肿和眼球凹陷为主要特征,组织的主要病变是肾小球萎缩出血、肾小囊空腔、鳃丝肿胀粘连及上皮细胞脱落等;细菌分离培养可得到圆形凸起、表面光滑的灰白色菌落,经染色镜检、生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因测序分析,鉴定该分离菌为嗜水气单胞菌;PCR检测显示鲤浮肿病毒(Carp edema virus,CEV)为阳性,未检出鲤春病毒血症病毒(Spring viremia of carp virus,SVCV)和鲤疱疹病毒(Koi herpesvirus,KHV);显微镜观察亦未见到寄生虫虫体;分别取分离菌和鲤浮肿病毒阳性病例组织悬液进行人工感染试验,均可引起健康鲤发生死亡。上述结果表明,从江县鲤的死亡是嗜水气单胞菌和鲤浮肿病毒混合感染所致。     

犬冠状病毒诊断技术研究进展

犬冠状病毒（canine coronavirus,CCoV）是导致犬胃肠道疾病的常见病原,与其他肠道病原共同感染时犬死亡率显著升高,严重影响养犬业的健康发展。快速、灵敏和特异的诊断技术对该病的防控起到至关重要的作用。除临床诊断外,常见的CCoV实验室诊断技术主要有病毒分离培养、电镜观察及血清学诊断技术,然而这些技术往往耗时长且工作量较大,分子诊断技术主要包括普通RT-PCR、实时荧光定量RT-PCR、纳米PCR等检测方法,这些诊断技术在准确性、敏感性及特异性上有极大提高,诊断效率也显著提高。近年来,随着分子免疫诊断技术与新型材料研发技术的迅速发展,新的检测方法应运而生,纳米金、核酸探针、芯片技术及纳米生物传感器等技术更加敏感、便捷、高效且都具有制备试剂盒的可能性,从而在诊断上具有简洁性和普适性。文章将针对CCoV的诊断技术进行全面综述,以期为CCoV诊断试剂的研发提供参考。     

Using the Idexx SediVue Dx to predict the need for urine bacteriologic culture in cats

We analyzed urine samples from 191 cats for bacteriuria with an automated urine sediment analyzer (Idexx SediVue Dx), combined with image review by an observer, and compared to bacteriologic culture results. Sixty-nine samples were unambiguously assigned to be free of bacteria by the instrument and the observer, and no bacterial growth was detected. Twenty-seven samples were unambiguously assigned to have bacteriuria; 24 of these 27 samples were culture-positive. For these samples, bacteriuria was predicted with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96%. A clear assignment was not possible for 95 samples, 81 of which were culture-negative. Specificity dropped to 45% when all samples were considered. Using the automated leukocyte count to predict bacteriuria, sensitivity was 82% and specificity was 75%. Automated sediment analysis is faster and less observer-dependent than sediment analysis under a microscope, but accurate detection of bacteriuria remains difficult in a large proportion of samples. Bacteriuria was significantly associated with leukocyte count; the leukocyte count was >5/high power field in 82% of culture-positive samples.     

小反刍兽疫病毒抗体ELISA试验测量不确定度评估

为进一步评定小反刍兽疫病毒抗体的测量不确定度,使用ELISA方法进行相关试验,依据《兽医检测实验室ELISA试验测量不确定度评估指南》(CNAS-GL043:2020)、《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059.1—2012),分析了ELISA试验测量不确定度的各分量,并根据各分量的来源及产生途径,详细评定了各分量...