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Difference in factors explaining growth rate variability in European eel subpopulations: the possible role of habitat carrying capacity 下载免费PDF全文
Clarisse Boulenger Alain J. Crivelli Fabien Charrier Jean‐Marc Roussel Eric Feunteun Anthony Acou 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2016,25(2):281-294
As a key parameter in the management of fish populations, individual growth rate (GR) variations were examined in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla; > 150 mm) using extensive mark–recapture surveys in the lotic habitats of two small rivers of western France: the Frémur, supposed to be saturated, and at the same latitude, the Oir with densities fivefold lower than those of the Frémur. In both systems, generalised linear models were used to test whether spatiotemporal factors such as dominant habitat type or local density affect GR variability. In the presumed unsaturated system, the Oir, GR variability is mainly explained by a set of habitat suitability drivers (density, dominant habitat type). In the Frémur, GRs appear independent of differences in habitat density or productivity. Below saturation, an increase in density will decrease the GR through intraspecific competition. At saturation, intraspecific competition reaches such high levels that regardless of eel density and productivity, the resources available by individual are similar throughout the system. In these circumstances, the effect of density on growth was presumed undetectable. Despite these contrasted results, mean GRs observed in both catchments were closed (~20 mm·year?1). This is an unexpected result as GR is expected to be higher in unsaturated systems. This similarity could be explained by the difference between the two systems in terms of: (i) sex ratio (the Frémur is dominated by male, whereas the female is dominant in the Oir), (ii) habitat type distribution or (iii) possible interspecific competition (important salmonid populations in the Oir). 相似文献
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栗炭疽病是陕西镇安栗树的主要病害之一。试验研究表明,根据该病发生规律,在抓好农业防治的基础上,采用农业防治与药剂防治相结合的综合防治技术,防治效果显著。 相似文献
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吉林省向日葵菌核病综合防治措施研究及大面积应用效果 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在重茬4年的重病地块晚播(5月20日—25日)向日葵,其花腐型菌核病比正常播期(4月25日)减少90%以上,而产量提高13%—30%。在农村扩大示范,晚播(5月19日)减少病害59%—75%,产量提高35%。在盛花期—成熟期喷2—3次50%速克灵500倍液可大大减轻花腐型菌核病的发生(防治效果65.9%—92.3%)。经筛选以速克灵(0.5%)拌种防治根腐型菌核病效果最好,在温室中对土壤和种子中的病菌防治效果达83%以上,小区试验和农村示范防治效果达55.8%—100%。土壤中增施钾肥可提高植株抗病力,减轻发病。1990年在吉林省农安、长岭2县8533ha采用晚播、轮作2年以上、种子处理、增施钾肥、盛花期—成熟期喷药的一套综合防治措施,重点调查10块对比田,花腐型菌核病平均防治效果为87.62%(63.38%—100%),对根腐型菌核病防治效果平均为66.77%(50.0%—82.57%)。1991年在长岭、农安等6个主产区推广6.37万ha,重点调查134块对比田,花腐型菌核病防治效果平均为75.86%(46.37%—100%),根腐型菌核病平均防治效果为65.11%(33.33%—100%),增产增收显著。 相似文献
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A 3-year field experiment was conducted at Kalispell, Montana, USA, to investigate the effects of spring wheat seed size and seeding rate on wheat yield loss (YL), economic returns and economic thresholds (ETs), as a function of Avena fatua density. Crop competitive ability increased as wheat seeding rate and seed size increased, with the greatest differences among treatment factors being observed at low weed densities. Both treatment factors decreased spring wheat YL, increasing economic returns during all 3 years of the study despite the higher associated seed costs. Averaged over all other factors, adjusted gross returns (AGR) were 477 and 537$ ha−1 for the low and high seeding rates, while values of 453, 521 and 547$ ha−1 were obtained for the small, bulk and large seed size classes respectively. Weed-free yield potential varied yearly. As yield potential increased, A. fatua competitive effects were more evident and ETs decreased. Nonetheless, both treatment factors increased ETs in 2 of 3 years. These results demonstrate that the use of higher seeding rates and larger seed size classes both improve wheat competitive ability towards A. fatua while simultaneously increasing economic returns. 相似文献