不同脂肪源对中国对虾亲虾产卵量、孵化率及卵脂肪酸组成的影响

用玉米油、亚麻油、鯷鱼油和猪油为饵料单一脂肪源,配制亲虾饵料,对中国对虾亲虾产卵前进行60天投喂试验,以测定和评估四种脂源对亲虾产卵量、孵化率和卵脂肪酸组成的影响。亲虾饲喂以猪油为脂源的饵料产卵量少,卯孵化率低。饲喂以玉米油或亚麻油为脂源的饵料效果较好,饲喂以鯷鱼油为脂源的饵料效果最佳。脂肪酸分析结果,饲喂以鱼油为脂源的亲虾卵,其ω—3高度不饱和脂肪酸含量很高,占总脂肪酸的27.6％,而饲喂以亚麻油、玉米油或猪油为脂源的亲虾卵,其ω—3HUFA的含量分别占总脂肪酸的19.5％,14.0％和12.8％。卵孵化率可能与卵中长链ω—3 HUFA的含量有关。     

大豆黄酮对45～58周龄如皋黄鸡蛋鸡生产性能、繁殖器官发育和种蛋孵化率的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平大豆黄酮对如皋黄鸡蛋鸡生产性能、繁殖器官发育和种蛋孵化率的影响。试验选用42周龄体况良好、产蛋率接近的健康如皋黄鸡蛋鸡2 448只,随机分成4个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复102只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加50、100和200 mg/kg大豆黄酮的试验饲粮,预试期2周,正试期14周。结果表明:1)各试验组死亡率、产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日产蛋重、平均日采食量和料蛋比与对照组相比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)正试期第12周末,各试验组卵巢指数和排卵前卵泡指数均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组其他繁殖器官发育指标与对照组相比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)正试期第13~14周,各试验组受精蛋孵化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),50和200 mg/kg大豆黄酮组的入孵蛋孵化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组蛋鸡种蛋受精率和健雏率与对照组相比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,饲粮中添加50、100、200 mg/kg大豆黄酮,能显著提高蛋鸡受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率,对45~56周龄如皋黄鸡蛋鸡生产性能和繁殖器官发育无不良影响。     

不同环境温度和光照对鸭盲肠杯叶吸虫虫卵孵化的影响

为探索鸭盲肠杯叶吸虫Cyathocotyle caecumalis sp．nov虫卵孵化所需的最适温度和光照,设置每天室外日照3h、不同室温（28～36℃、20～28℃、10～20℃、0～10℃）以及在27℃恒温、无光照条件等5个试验组进行虫卵孵化试验。结果表明：室温28～36℃组和室温20～28℃组的虫卵发育较好,其孵化率分别为27.5％和25.2％,孵化时间分别为14d和21d;室温10～20℃组的虫卵发育较差,其孵化率为5.1％,孵化时间为28d;室温0～10℃组虫卵不发育;而27℃恒温、无光照条件组,虫卵发育差,毛蚴多死亡,孵不出毛蚴。试验表明鸭盲肠杯叶吸虫虫卵发育的适宜条件为20～36℃,每天日照3h。     

略阳乌鸡种蛋物理特征与孵化率的关系

为了解种蛋的物理特征与其孵化率的关系,建立一套适合略阳乌鸡种蛋挑选的标准,以提高其孵化率,本研究在20 000羽略阳乌鸡1周所产的种蛋中随机选取550枚进行孵化,并分析蛋壳颜色、蛋重、蛋壳厚度、蛋形指数和18 d失水率与孵化率的关系。结果显示:蛋色和蛋壳厚度对孵化率的影响均不显著(P>0.05);蛋重偏小的蛋孵化率最高(77.13%),但与中等大小(74.77%)和偏大(73.39 %)的蛋相比差异不显著(P>0.05);18 d失水率越高孵化率越低,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。蛋形指数对孵化率有显著影响(P<0.05),偏圆形蛋的孵化率(短轴/长轴为0.79~0.85,83.19%)显著高于卵圆形(短轴/长轴为0.74~0.78,76.07%)和偏长形种蛋(短轴/长轴为0.68~0.73,69.31%);相关分析结果显示,各指标间均存在显著的弱相关关系(r=0.092－0.165,P<0.05)。研究结果表明几项指标对孵化率均有一定影响,但以蛋形指数的影响最为明显,因此在略阳乌鸡种蛋挑选时应优先考虑偏圆形蛋。     

Influence of the Laying Date on the Fertility and Hatchability of Red-Legged Partridge (Alectoris rufa) Eggs

In several countries, there is a well-developed market for Red-Legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) eggs for incubation. Although Red-Legged partridge eggs produced at game farms are sold with a guaranteed average hatchability, there is a marked seasonal variation in fertility and hatchability. Therefore, an average incubating hatchability value cannot be generalized across the whole breeding season. In this research, the influence that the laying date has upon the fertility and hatchability of incubated eggs and the hatchability of the fertile eggs incubated at a farm of Red-Legged partridge was analyzed. It was found that the laying date did indeed influence the fertility and hatchability of the incubated eggs. Fertility and hatchability were greater in the eggs set in the incubator between mid February and late March than those of the eggs set in late April and early May. Hatchability of fertile eggs was greater in the eggs set in the incubator in mid March and lower in the eggs set in late April. The higher values obtained during the middle of the laying period and the lower ones obtained at the end of the laying period cause the game farms’ need to inform their potential customers of the eggs’ expected hatchability as a function of their laying date.     

复合益生菌制剂对蛋种鸡生产性能和营养物质利用率的影响

试验选用25周龄罗曼褐父母代蛋种鸡720只,随机分为4个组,试验组分别在空白对照组饲粮基础上添加0.05%土霉素、0.1%和0.2%的复合益生菌制剂,以比较其效果。试验结果表明:在饲料中添加复合益生菌能显著提高种鸡的产蛋率和营养物质表观利用率,降低饲料报酬,对种蛋孵化率没有不利影响。     

蛋重对海兰褐鸡种蛋孵化率的影响

在相同的饲养条件下,随机选取320枚海兰褐鸡种蛋进行孵化。按蛋重将种蛋分为4组:Ⅰ组(51.0～55.9)g,Ⅱ组(56.0～61.0)g,Ⅲ组(61.1～66.0)g,Ⅳ组(66.1～70.6)g。通过研究比较4组不同蛋重区间内,海兰褐鸡种蛋的受精率和孵化率的变化情况,及胚胎在各胚龄失重和失重率的变化情况。结果表明:(1)Ⅱ组的入孵蛋孵化率分别比Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组高9.81%、4.62%、7.11%(P> 0.05)。Ⅱ组的18胚龄失重率分别比Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组低10.99%、5.33%、34.82%(P <0.05)。(2)海兰褐鸡种蛋孵化的最佳蛋重区间为56.0～61.0 g。超出此范围,种蛋的受精率和孵化率均有所降低。在生产实践中,必须选择适宜重量的种蛋进行孵化,以保证较好的孵化效果。(3)海兰褐鸡种蛋整个孵化期内,失重过程稳定。入孵蛋重不同,种蛋的失重率不同。失重率越高,种蛋孵化率越低。     

鸡胚注射肉碱对肉鸡孵化率、生长和屠宰性能的影响

文章旨在研究体外鸡胚注射肉碱对肉鸡孵化率及出壳后49 d肉鸡生长性能和屠宰性能的影响。鸡胚在孵化第18天通过羊膜注射0.6、2.4和9.6 mg左旋肉碱/100μL稀释液,此外还有3个对照组(非注射组、穿孔组和注射稀释液组),评估肉鸡孵化率、生长期肉鸡死亡率、增重、采食量和料比以及屠宰性能指标(屠宰率、腹脂、小腿肌、大腿肌、鸡翅和胸肌占比)。结果发现:鸡胚注射左旋肉碱对受精蛋孵化率无显著影响(P>0.05),但随左旋肉碱注射量的增加,受精蛋孵化率和仔鸡出壳时间有升高趋势(P=0.08)。鸡胚注射左旋肉碱对出壳后49 d肉鸡生长性能、死亡率及屠宰性能指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论:鸡胚注射0.6、2.4和9.6 mg左旋肉碱/100μL稀释液对出壳后肉鸡生长性能和屠宰性能无显著影响,但可以改善肉鸡出壳时间和受精蛋孵化率。     

Effect of two different commercially available white light LED fixtures on broiler hatchability and chick quality

1. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different spectra of white light on hatchability and chick quality of broiler chickens.

2. A total of 8424 Ross 708 broiler eggs were divided over three light exposure treatments during incubation: No light (DARK), a light emitting diode (LED) light with high levels of blue light (BLUE), or a LED light with high levels of red light (RED). Hatchability, embryo mortality and chick quality were assessed at hatch.

3. DARK had a higher percentage of chicks with unhealed navels (21.1 ± 1.3%) and fewer overall chicks with no defects (77.0 ± 1.2%) compared to both the BLUE (9.9 ± 0.9% and 88.4 ± 1.1%) and RED treatments (7.7 ± 0.8% and 90.2 ± 1.0%).

4. Both the BLUE (80.9 ± 1.0%) and RED treatments (82.9 ± 1.4%) had higher hatchability of fertile eggs than the DARK treatment (76.0 ± 2.2%).

5. These results indicate that either of these LED fixtures could be used to improve hatchability and chick quality in broiler chickens. Utilising these types of lightings in commercial hatcheries will improve the efficiency via increased hatchability and quality of the chicks hatched.     

Dietary taurine improves reproductive performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental taurine on reproductive performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock fed soybean meal‐based diets. Four isonitrogenous (350 g kg^?1 protein), isocaloric (18 MJ kg^?1) diets were formulated to contain 0, 5, 10 and 15 g kg^?1 taurine. The diets were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile Nile tilapia (10–15 g average body weight) at a female: male ratio of 3 : 1, to apparent satiation, three times per day for 130 days. The size at first maturation decreased with increasing dietary taurine to 10 g kg^?1 and levelled off with further taurine supplementation. The time to first spawning was also significantly shorter at 10 g kg^?1 taurine level. Spawning performances, including spawning frequencies, total number of spawnings per tank, number of spawnings per female and absolute fecundity, were all significantly improved with increasing dietary taurine up to 10 g kg^?1. However, the quadratic regression analyses indicated that the maximum spawning performance occurred at 8 g kg^?1 of supplemental taurine. Eggs produced from broodstock fed 10 g kg^?1 taurine exhibited significantly higher hatchability and required shorter time for hatching and yolk‐sac absorption and also resulted in higher larval weight than at other dietary taurine levels. The highest egg protein, total amino acids and taurine were also obtained at 10 g kg^?1 taurine. These results suggest that 8 g kg^?1 dietary taurine is required for optimum reproductive outputs of Nile tilapia broodstock.