IAA、GA和ABA对葡萄果实~(14)C蔗糖输入与代谢的调控

将　14 C蔗糖与激素IAA、GA和ABA同时通过果柄引入离体葡萄果实 ,研究了蔗糖积累代谢与激素的关系。结果表明 :①GA在幼果膨大期 ,IAA在果实始熟期以前 ,ABA从缓慢生长期到果实成熟 ,对蔗糖的吸收有明显促进效果。②GA与IAA在果实发育前期 (第Ⅰ、Ⅱ期 )可促进　14 C蔗糖转化为非醇溶性结构物 ;ABA则在成熟期表现出类似的作用。③IAA、GA与ABA在幼果膨大期可促进糖分转化为有机酸 ,但在缓慢生长期都抑制这一过程 ,抑制效果以ABA最显著 ,IAA其次 ,GA最小。成熟期糖分占醇溶物的 85 %～ 91% ,不同激素处理的差异不明显。ABA可促进各个时期果实中氨基酸的合成。④IAA可加快蔗糖分解为还原糖 ;GA增加果糖积累 ;ABA处理的果实蔗糖含量最高 ,推测ABA直接刺激了果肉维管束的蔗糖卸载。     

优质抗寒、抗病酿造葡萄新品种‘北红’

 ‘北红’葡萄新品种由‘玫瑰香’与‘山葡萄’杂交育成。浆果在北京地区9月底成熟。果粒圆形，蓝黑色，果粒质量1.57g，果穗质量160.0 g，浆果可溶性固形物含量23.8 %～ 27.0 %，含酸量0.89～1.26 %。早果性及丰产性强。抗寒、抗病能力特强。酿成的酒深宝石红色，酒体平衡，酒质上等。     

Relationship between sensory and NIR spectroscopy in consumer preference of table grape (cv Italia)

A combination of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) instrumental measurements and sensory analysis was investigated to predict solids soluble content (SSC, assessed as Brix) and to classify preference in table grape cv Italia. SSC was monitored in each berry of whole bunches in order to evaluate intra-bunch distribution and variability. NIR spectra were recorded in the spectral region 12,000–4000 cm⁻¹ (833–2500 nm) using a set of 682 berries. The Partial Least Square (PLS) model based on cross-validation provided acceptable value for the main statistical parameters (coefficient of determination of cross-validation, r²: 0.85; standard error of cross-validation, SECV: 1.08; residual predictive deviation, RPD: 2.6) and was confirmed by external validation performed with 115 independent berries (coefficient of determination of prediction, r_p²: 0.82; standard error of prediction, SEP: 0.83). For consumer testing, the selected PLS model was used to predict the Brix value in 400 berries and Discriminant Analysis (DA) was then carried out to classify berries in terms of preference by relating NIR data to consumer judgment. The three defined preference clusters of berries were fully classified obtaining 100% membership. In cross-validation the value decreased especially for class 1 (78.5%) and 3 (75%) whereas class 2 obtained comparable values (98.7%). According to our results, NIR technology appears to be a promising technique for predicting SSC and obtaining information with regard to consumer preference in ‘Italia’ table grape for application of efficient and low cost on-line instruments in the fruit industry.     

Effects of Denapon and Ethrel on thinning grapes

The effectiveness of Denapon and Ethrel as a thinning chemical for ‘Muscat of Alexandria’ grape was examined from 1980 to 1982 with various timings and concentrations of application. Ethrel applied at 50 mg l^?1 by cluster-dipping or shoot-spraying at full bloom, or 6 days after full bloom, resulted in over-thinning and chemical injury, and no thinning effect was found when Ethrel was applied at 10 or 5 mg l^?1 on the same dates. The only treatment which exhibited a desirable thinning effect was shoot-spraying at 50 mg l^?1 12 days after full bloom, but this markedly inhibited berry growth. Denapon applied at 1667 mg l^?1 by shoot-spraying at full bloom, or 6 days after full bloom, reduced the number of berries per cluster almost adequately and consistently without any unfavorable side effects. This chemical applied at 834 mg l^?1 was nearly as effective as when applied at 1667 mg l^?1, but the effectiveness of the former was less consistent than that of the latter. From these results, Denapon is thought to be a promising thinning chemical for ‘Muscat of Alexandria’.     

乐都县引进大樱桃效益分析及栽培技术

从气候和区域地理优势角度,对大樱桃在乐都县的发展及栽培优势作出了简单介绍,对栽培大樱桃的效益作出了分析,指出大樱桃在乐都县具有较高的栽培前景,并对大樱桃的栽培技术作了一般性介绍.     

膨大素处理对葡萄果实性状的影响

以京亚和京秀两个葡萄品种为试材,以膨大素处理葡萄果实,结果表明:以花后15 d、浓度10 mg·kg-1的效果为最好.京亚和京秀两个品种座果率增加16.8%和10.3%;单果质量增加36.7%和28.7%;穗重增加47.9%和25.7%;果形指数减少0.036和0.048.果实中可溶性糖、有机酸和维生素C含量略有下降,增加果实的糖酸比.果实前期赤霉素含量增加,增加了果实的座果率;脱落酸含量的提高促进了代谢库细胞对同化物的吸收.     

PP_(333)对温室葡萄枝条次生木质部细胞解剖结构的影响

为了研究设施栽培条件下葡萄木质部细胞的特征性结构及其受PP_(333)的影响,试验通过对温室葡萄喷施PP_(333)后的枝条次生木质部细胞的解离、观察,经统计分析,结果表明:(1)不同浓度PP333处理对各类型细胞的X形态结构没有明显影响;(2)浓度不同对各类细胞的长度和直径抑制作用不同,喷施1500mg/L浓度的PP_(333)对其营养生长的抑制效果最好。通过该试验的研究,为更好地探索设施栽培条件下果树的生理生态特征和化学调控技术提供了依据。     

广东葡萄一年两收设施避雨栽培模式主要病虫害与防治关键期

【目的】全面了解广东葡萄一年两收设施避雨生产模式主要病虫害的发生情况，明确其防治关键物候期。【方法】在 2016—2019 年进行走访式和常规式调查按治早治小的原则，根据主要病虫害发生动态、相对应的葡萄物候期和防治实践确定防治关键期。【结果】在设施避雨模式下，广东一年两收葡萄病害发生最严重的是白粉病，其次是溃疡病、霜霉病、穗轴褐枯病、灰霉病、日灼病、气灼病、毛毡病等；虫害发生最严重的是蓟马，主要物种是茶黄蓟马、烟蓟马、棕榈蓟马，其次是二斑叶螨、斜纹夜蛾、中喙丽金龟、缺节瘿螨等。与露地栽培的主要病虫害有较大差异。防治关键期重点在休眠期（修剪清园期）、开花前期、幼果期、果实膨大期、果实转色期、果实成熟期。【结论】广东葡萄一年两收设施避雨模式主要病虫害种类不同于露地栽培，具有易重叠发生、危害期较长、多种病虫害出现两个甚至多个发生高峰期、同一病虫害更易爆发等特点。应对广东一年两收设施葡萄病虫害应当有针对性抓关键期防治，重点做好休眠期清园，消灭病虫源，结合花期果期等防治关键期开展有针对性的病虫害防治。     

蓝莓经济价值与产业化发展对策及建议

介绍了蓝莓的保健作用、经济价值,阐述了我国发展蓝莓的有利条件,并对加快我国蓝莓产业化生产步伐提出了科学可行的引进国外优良品种资源,加大试验示范推广力度;开展蓝莓创新研究工作;加快建立良种选育和快繁基地;加快果实保鲜和深加工技术研究等建议。     

牛奶子果实性状及营养成分的产地与株间变异研究

对采自不同产地和单株的牛奶子的果实性状、氨基酸含量、番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素、Vc以及微量元素进行了分析.牛奶子浆果平均鲜质量0.13 g,变幅0.07～0.15 g.鲜果平均果肉率75.01%.6个单株的17种氨基酸总含量在146.596～179.634 mg·g-1之间,平均总含量为167.839 mg·g-1.其中谷氨酸含量最高,占氨基酸总含量的18.07%;其次精氨酸(11.66%)及天冬氨酸含量(10.78%),甲硫氨酸最低(0.84%),其余氨基酸均在7.00%以下.3个单株的番茄红素含量,最高的为342.000 mg·kg-1,最低为78.000 mg·kg-1,两者相差3.38倍,其含量是番茄的2.6～11.4倍.β-胡萝卜素平均含量为6.480 mg·kg-1,可溶性糖平均含量7.312 mg·kg-1,可滴定酸平均含量3.240 mg·g-1.Vc的平均含量为0.049 mg·g-1.Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu平均含量分别为97.881、77.553、23.384、12.129 mg·kg-1.K、Ca平均含量分别为11.190、3.720 mg·g-1.