法氏囊活性肽BP7调节鸡未成熟B细胞的基因表达谱及功能分析

试验旨在探索法氏囊活性肽BP7调节鸡未成熟B细胞的分子基础。利用BP7刺激禽前B淋巴细胞DT40细胞,采用荧光定量PCR(qPCR)检测IgM的mRNA水平,并采用基因芯片分析基因表达谱及其生物学功能。结果显示,BP7刺激的DT40细胞产生IgM的mRNA水平明显升高。基因芯片分析发现,BP7处理的DT40细胞中共有1345个差异表达基因。通路分析发现,BP7诱导DT40细胞的差异表达基因涉及17条通路,包括受体互作、信号通路、代谢和蛋白质分解相关通路等。通路网络分析发现,细胞因子-细胞因子受体互作是BP7刺激后DT40细胞相关途径中的关键通路。基因本体论(GO)功能分析发现,BP7刺激DT40细胞中涉及的免疫相关功能主要包括免疫应答、免疫应答信号、Th1型免疫应答、细胞因子的产生和调节及其受体活性等方面。该研究阐述了法氏囊活性肽BP7调节禽未成熟B细胞的分子基础,为进一步研究法氏囊活性肽调控B细胞分化的分子机制提供了新的数据。     

Evaluation of left ventricular function with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography after administration of dobutamine and esmolol in healthy beagle dogs

Unlike echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cardiac MRI) results in a near-exact assessment of cardiac structures and function. However, most veterinary studies have focused on dogs with normal cardiac function. We hypothesized that there would be significant differences in cardiac measurements between cardiac MRI and echocardiography when left ventricular (LV) function was abnormal. This study was undertaken to compare measurements of LV function produced by cardiac MRI and echocardiography in dogs whose LV function was altered by pharmacological agents. This study was conducted with six healthy beagle dogs. We increased left ventricular contractility by administration of dobutamine; we decreased cardiac contractility with esmolol. Stroke volume measurements were made by using both cardiac MRI and echocardiography under seven different conditions with general anesthesia: control, three doses of esmolol (100, 200, and 500 µg/kg/min), and three doses of dobutamine (10, 20, and 50 µg/kg/min). Experiments involving each condition were conducted at least 1 week apart. When LV contractility was normal, ejection fraction (EF) and stroke volume (SV), as measured by echocardiography and cardiac MRI, were not significantly different. However, when contractility was changed by pharmacological agents, EF and SV were overestimated by echocardiography, compared to MRI. Evaluation of cardiac function in patients treated with pharmacological agents should be conducted carefully because EF and SV measured by echocardiography can be overestimated, compared with EF and SV obtained by cardiac MRI.     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

复方中草药对猪生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究复方中草药对猪生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和免疫功能的影响。将60头育肥猪随机分成4组,每组15头猪。对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%的复方中草药。结果显示:与对照组相比,Ⅰ组育肥猪平均日增重、血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量均显著提高(P<0.05),失水率显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组育肥猪末重、平均日增重、胴体重、胴体斜长、熟肉率、脾脏指数、血清免疫球蛋白A (IgA)含量、IgG含量均显著提高(P<0.05),料重比、背膘厚、剪切力、失水率均显著降低(P<0.05)。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组育肥猪胴体重、胴体斜长、血清IgG含量均显著提高(P<0.05),背膘厚均显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,育肥猪基础饲粮中添加1.0%和2.0%的该复方中草药制剂均能改善育肥猪的生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和免疫功能,临床应用中选择1.0%作为最适添加剂量。     

不同剂量伊曲康唑制剂对犬血常规及肝肾功能的影响

旨在评价不同剂量伊曲康唑-环糊精制剂通过皮下注射途径对健康比格犬肝肾功能及血常规的影响。选用体重±10 kg的健康纯种比格犬32只,按试验要求随机分为4组,每组8只,建立稳定的生活制度。分别按照0.25 mg/kg、0.75 mg/kg和1.25 mg/kg剂量,皮下注射伊曲康唑制剂,3日1次,连续7次,对照组注射生理盐水。于试验过程中第0、5、10、15、19天采集相关样品,对犬临床表现、血常规指标、血液生化指标、尿常规指标及肝肾功能进行全面的评价。结果表明,给药组与对照组相比,除白细胞相关指标外,其余指标都在正常范围内。给药组在试验过程中均出现白细胞升高现象,但在试验结束后5 d内均恢复正常。因此,伊曲康唑-环糊精制剂作为犬皮下注射剂型,具有良好的安全性和耐受性,操作方便,动物依从性好,适合兽医临床应用。     

不同剂量环磷酰胺对昆明小鼠肝肾组织的损伤作用研究

为研究不同剂量的环磷酰胺对小鼠肝肾组织及功能的损害程度,试验选取40只5周龄健康雌性昆明小鼠,随机分为5组,除对照组外,其余4组小鼠连续3 d分别腹腔注射40、80、120及160 mg/（kg·BW）环磷酰胺溶液,注射后第7天采集肝脏和肾脏组织样品及血清,制备石蜡组织切片及透射电镜切片,观察肝脏和肾脏的组织学变化,检测血清中甘胆酸（CG）、胆碱酯酶（ChE）、血清前白蛋白（PA）、总胆汁酸（TBA）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、尿素氮（BUN）、血清肌酐（SCr）、尿酸（UA）含量/活性。结果显示,环磷酰胺可引起小鼠肝肾组织病理损害,呈剂量依赖性,肝脏比肾脏更早出现损伤。石蜡切片及透射电镜切片观察结果显示,环磷酰胺对肝脏的毒性作用主要表现在肝索紊乱、肝血窦扩张、微胆管淤胆、门管区及中央静脉周围炎性细胞浸润及纤维增生、组织间出血、肝细胞出现脂肪变性及气球样变性,凋亡及坏死细胞增多。肾脏组织损伤主要表现在出血及纤维增生,肾小管上皮细胞胞浆空泡样变、线粒体损伤、核固缩,上皮细胞基底膜增厚。环磷酰胺对膀胱的损害不严重。与对照组相比,40~160 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组小鼠血清中ChE活性及PA水平,120~160 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组AST活性,80~160 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组BUN水平及80 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组UA水平均显著升高（P<0.05）;其余生化指标与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）。以上结果表明,环磷酰胺注射剂量在80~120 mg/（kg·BW）时可引起昆明小鼠肝脏和肾脏组织及细胞明显的病理损伤。该研究结果可为选择合适的环磷酰胺注射剂量用以制备动物肝脏免疫抑制模型提供试验依据。     

睾丸支持细胞的功能、分离纯化及鉴定研究进展

支持细胞对维持精子形成过程中的微环境起决定作用,它可以通过分泌功能、细胞间连接形成的血睾屏障功能以及吞噬功能等来促进精子的形成过程,其发育异常会导致不同程度的雄性生殖缺陷。基于支持细胞在雄性动物生殖过程中的作用,体外培养高纯度支持细胞可成为研究睾丸两大核心功能-精子发生和性激素分泌功能相关调节机制重要的细胞模型。此外,体外培养睾丸支持细胞也可作为生殖毒理学等新兴热点领域的细胞模型,为评估和研究环境因素对雄性生殖的影响提供便利。因此,作者系统地归纳、总结了目前关于动物支持细胞生物功能的研究及常用的体外分离纯化、培养及鉴定方法,以期为利用动物支持细胞开展雄性生殖领域的研究提供参考。     

基于LLWin3.0控制Fischertechnik模型实例

随着计算机的普及，特别是软件技术的发展，基于电脑控制且充分展示个性化创新实验，成为当今高等学校素质教育的重要方式和发展方向。为此，详细介绍了德国慧鱼公司的专利产品“创意组合模型(fischertechnik)的应用实例。结合LLWin3．0图形化编程技术。为教育行业应用提供了有效的途径。     

日光温室青花菜耗水规律及水分利用效率的研究

在膜下滴灌条件下,研究了温室秋茬青花菜不同生育阶段控制水分对耗水规律、水分利用效率以及产量的影响。结果表明,青花菜全生育期内耗水量、耗水强度均表现为苗期﹥莲座期结球期的规律;水分生产函数的敏感指数为结球期﹥苗期﹥莲座期,因此青花菜节水宜在莲座期进行,结球期应保证水分供应充足,避免减产;苗期和莲座期分别控制灌水量为常规灌水量65%的处理,产量高、水分利用效率较高,是青花菜适宜的灌溉量。