植物寄生线虫效应蛋白调控寄主防卫反应分子机制研究进展

 在植物寄生线虫与寄主互作过程中,线虫分泌器官如食道腺细胞分泌的效应蛋白在寄主细胞壁修饰和调控寄主免疫反应以及取食位点形成和维护中发挥着关键作用。解析植物寄生线虫关键效应蛋白的功能及其与寄主互作机制将为探索植物寄生线虫防控新策略提供重要的理论基础。本文从效应蛋白降解寄主细胞壁、调控寄主基础免疫反应、诱导免疫反应机制和介导翻译后修饰调控寄主免疫反应以及植物激素代谢途径的调控机制等方面进行了概述。     

The use of infrared spectroscopy and machine learning tools for detection of Meloidogyne infestations

Plant parasitic nematodes are generally soilborne pathogens that attack plants and cause economic losses in many crops. The infested plants show nonspecific symptoms or, often, are symptomless; therefore, diagnosis is performed by taking soil and root tissue samples. Here, we show that a combination of different infrared spectra analysis and machine learning algorithms can be used to detect plant parasitic nematode infestations before symptoms become visible, using leaves instead of roots and soil as samples. We found that tomato and guava plants infested with Meloidogyne enterorlobii produced different spectral patterns compared to uninfested plants. Using partial spectra from 1,450 to 900/cm as the "fingerprint region", principal component analyses indicated that after 5 (tomatoes) or 8 weeks (guava), plants with no visible symptoms of infestations were positively diagnosed. To improve the early detection response, we used machine learning modelling. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to obtain more robust, accurate models. The SVM model contained 34 support vectors, 17 for each level. The overall performance of the model was >97% and the total accuracy was significantly higher, demonstrating the absence of chance prediction. The best prediction of infestation was obtained at the second and fourth weeks for tomatoes and guavas, respectively, reducing the diagnostic time by half. The combined application of these techniques reduces the processing time from field to laboratory and shows enormous advantages by avoiding root and soil sampling.     

四种短体线虫的形态和分子生物学鉴定

 采用形态学和分子生物学方法对来自荷兰的藏橐吾和铃兰、泰国的高山榕、缅甸的香蕉等种苗(球)分别鉴定出玻利维亚短体线虫Pratylenchus bolivianus、铃兰短体线虫P. convallariae、咖啡短体线虫P. coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫 P. speijeri。对这4种线虫的形态特征进行较为详细的描述后,认为头环、口针、侧区、生殖系统和尾形等形态特征是种类鉴定的重要依据;进一步利用引物28S-D2A/28S-D3Br扩增测序得到上述4种线虫的28S rRNA基因D2/D3区序列,序列分析发现玻利维亚短体线虫从欧洲到美洲的不同种群之间的遗传距离变异较小,仅为0~0.007;铃兰短体线虫同一种群不同个体之间的遗传变异较大,为0.006~0.029;咖啡短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.013;斯佩奇短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.010;咖啡短体线虫P. coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫P. speijeri亲缘关系很近,二者种间平均遗传距离仅为0.026。本研究再次证明线虫28S rRNA基因D2/D3区基因序列可作为短体线虫种间鉴定的依据。     

24份葡萄种质抗根结线虫特性的田间自然鉴定

用两种抗性鉴定标准分别对田间的20份葡萄砧木和4份鲜食葡萄品种对葡萄根结线虫的抗性进行了鉴定。结果表明,欧亚种葡萄和欧美杂交种葡萄抗性最低,山平氏葡萄表现为免疫,河岸葡萄表现比较复杂,从中等到免疫都有;河岸葡萄和西班牙葡萄与其他种杂交的后代对根结线虫也表现出较好的抗性。     

‘99昆明世博会参展植物寄生线虫的检疫初报

本次博览会参展植物种类多,来源广,带土普遍疫情复杂。在严处国内外的参展植物中截获矛线目和垫刃目的１３个科的５６个属,其中在参展植物中截获我国对外检疫潜在危险性线。     

昆虫病原线虫抗干燥能力研究

对１５种２４个品系的昆虫病原线虫进行抗干燥能力研究,结果表明,昆虫病原线虫种类不同,其抗干燥能力也不同。在２５℃、相对湿度５０．５％的小空间控制器中处理９小时后,Ｓｔｅｉｎ┐ｅｒｎｅｍａｃａｒｐｏｃａｐｓａｅ仍具有较高的存活率,其余种类几乎全部死亡。同一种线虫的不同品系,其抗干燥能力也存在差异。在Ｓ．ｃａｒｐｏｃａｐｓａｅ的４个品系Ａ２４、Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ、ＣＢ┐１６和Ｍｅｘ中,ＣＢ┐１６具有较高的抗干燥能力,经干燥处理后其存活率最高,达８５．３％,加水复苏后的线虫对大蜡螟的致死率为１００％,侵入率高达１９．９％％。