大数据时代农村信息服务的实例研究

大数据时代,建立农村信息服务体系对促进农村经济发展和提高农民收入,加快农业现代化,推动农村城市化意义非常重要。本文分析了北京地区北臧村镇农业信息服务的工作现状,揭示了存在的问题,采用李克特量表和农村信息服务综合评价指标体系进行调研和量化分析,并针对农业信息服务提出了改进建议。     

农产品生产价格波动与农地利用的关系——以甘肃省为例

农产品生产价格波动与农村耕地利用关系密切,事关中国粮食安全和农业可持续发展问题。以甘肃省为例,通过实地调查和统计数据分析,对主要农产品生产价格波动对农地利用影响的状况进行实证研究,从而为政府相关部门针对影响的不同状况采取相应的对策和政策措施提供参考。     

RAPD分析野生和养殖三角帆蚌的遗传多样性

用150个随机引物对野生三角帆蚌和养殖三角帆蚌进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析，最终筛选出2．0个引物，分别能扩增出1-10条大小不等的片段，片段长度在500—2000bp之间。野生三角帆蚌和养殖三角粤蚌的种内相似系数分别为0．787和0．833，显示野生种群基因组发生的变异较养殖种群大。野生三角帆蚌和养殖三角帆蚌种群间遗传距离为0．054，表明三角帆蚌野生和养殖种群亲缘关系比较接近。     

Insights into an undescribed high-elevation lake (6,170 m a.s.l.) on Volcán Llullaillaco: A physical and microbiological view

1. High elevation lakes are extreme ecosystems and serve as sentinels of various global changes.
2. An expedition to Volcán Llullaillaco in 1996 discovered an unstudied high-elevation lake (6,170 m a.s.l.) that probably was formed as a result of the past eruptive events or climatic processes such as glacial retreat in the lake basin.
3. This article describes an initial physical characterization of the lake and its microbial communities derived from two sampling expeditions in 2013 and 2016.
4. The microbial community in the lake, with an area between 1.2 and 1.4 ha and a depth of 6.8 m, was dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Haloarchaea. In addition, 26 bacterial isolates were identified within the genera Subtercola, Xylophilus, Rhodanobacter, Mesorhizobium and Pseudomonas.
5. Lago Llullaillaco is one of the highest recorded lakes in the world, and this study highlights the unique microbial diversity of this aquatic ecosystem and the importance of its preservation to understand the complex biological processes under polyextreme conditions.

     

泸沽湖浮游生物多样性及垂直变化规律研究

2020年1月、5月、9月利用系统抽样法对泸沽湖浮游生物多样性、密度和生物量进行调查,并对浮游生物密度垂直变化规律进行研究,为泸沽湖渔业管理、珍稀濒危鱼类的生境恢复及水生生态环境保护提供科学依据.调查共鉴定浮游生物243种,其中浮游植物7门10纲23目41科85属148种,小转板藻(Mougeotia parvula)...     

Genetic structure of Orbicella faveolata population reveals high connectivity among a marine protected area and Varadero Reef in the Colombian Caribbean

1. The protection of ecosystems with high diversity, such as coral reefs, is not an approach that guarantees their conservation. Thus, maintaining connectivity among coral populations over the long term is a strategy that should be adopted in order to protect diversity and ecological processes. Although coral reefs in Colombia are highly diverse, the population genetics baseline data of keystone species such as Orbicella faveolata are limited.
2. To provide current information about the connectivity between populations of O. faveolata in the Colombian Caribbean, the genetic diversity and distribution of O. faveolata was evaluated with analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), principal components, and migration estimations using 113 genets distributed in six populations. Also, a genetic structure analysis that included the available data for the Caribbean population was conducted, seeking to understand how the Colombian populations relate to the broader region.
3. According to the global fixation index (F_ST) for the Colombian Caribbean, there was no genetic structure (F_ST = 0.002). Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) showed that Corales del Rosario Archipelago (CR), Este de Isla Fuerte (EIF), San Bernardo Archipelago (SB), and Varadero Reef (VR) were grouped with Oeste de Isla Fuerte (OIF), with Bushnell (BS) representing the most divergent cluster. Migration analysis showed relatively high migration from VR to CR and SB, highlighting the importance of VR as a genetic reservoir for the region. Structure analysis showed that the Colombian population presented a specific genetic identity (F_ST = 0.254), suggesting that the Colombian Caribbean population could be a peripheral population that contributes significantly to genetic variation and is connected through a complex connectivity process.
4. In conclusion, the estimated genetic connectivity reflects the influence of sea surface dynamics over the interpopulation exchange dynamics and the role of protected and nonprotected coral reef in the Colombian Caribbean. Thus, the Colombian Caribbean population of O. faveolata could be relevant to the conservation of genetic diversity on a larger scale.

     

Mitochondrial phylogeography reveals high haplotype diversity and unique genetic lineage in Indian dugongs (Dugong dugon)

1. India plays a significant role in dugong conservation by having the largest population within South Asia. The status of dugongs in India is largely unknown due to a paucity of reliable ecological data. This study generated mitochondrial control region sequences from ~10% of dugong individuals from existing populations within India. Furthermore, data generated in this study were compared with the global data to assess genetic lineages, population structure, and genetic diversity of Indian populations.
2. Multiple analyses suggest that the Indian dugong populations are part of a single genetic cluster, comprising South Asia, North-west Indian Ocean, and South-west Indian Ocean populations. Despite small population size, they retain high genetic diversity with unique mitochondrial DNA haplotypes within South Asia. Within India, novel haplotypes are observed from all dugong habitats sampled, with overall high haplotype diversity (0.85 ± 0.04) but low nucleotide diversity (0.005 ± 0.001). Indian populations exhibit genetic differentiation with higher within-population variance (63.41%) than among populations (36.59%). Two of the haplotypes observed in India are shared with Sri Lanka, implying genetic connectivity between these populations.
3. The genetic data from Indian dugong populations provide critical insights into the identification of dugong corridors and important dugong conservation zones in India. We suggest site-specific interventions, including the creation of new marine protected areas and boundary reorganization and expansion of other existing protected areas, to ensure population connectivity. In addition, simultaneous efforts towards seagrass meadow restoration, reduction of dugong mortalities, and community participation in dugong conservation are recommended for population recovery of this threatened marine herbivore.

     

武广客运专线建设工程的水土流失影响程度分析

铁路建设工程中的路基修筑、隧道开凿、取土弃渣均会导致大量的水土流失,对铁路沿线生态环境造成不利影响。本文以武广客运专线工程为例,通过水土流失影响指数评价模型来定量分析、评判该工程的水土流失影响程度。结果表明,该项目的水土流失影响指数值为0.21,仅为全国铁路建设项目水土流失影响平均水平的70%,这表明与传统铁路建设工程相比,武广客运专线建设工程的水土流失影响程度相对较低。其主要原因是工程单位长度占地面积(3.19 hm2/km)及影响面积(0.17 hm2/km)较小、工程单位长度总土石方量(7.00万m3/km)较少、工程单位长度水土流失总量(343.85 t/km)不大、水土流失治理面积比例较高(0.916)。     

基于图像处理技术的小麦叶面积指数的提取

为了较好地模拟叶面积指数的变化动态,在大田条件下进行试验,获取5个品种5个密度下不同发育期的小麦群体冠层数字图像,并手工测得实际叶面积。通过研究设计了复杂背景下小麦冠层图像叶面指数的有效提取方法,将图像处理得到的叶面积指数数据与实际测得的数据进行拟合建立模型。结果表明：品种、密度和发育期的差异对拟合模型参数影响显著,对模型经过随机抽取样本图像进行假设检验,均能够通过检验。模型的相关系数平方均达到0.86以上,能够实现高精度的小麦冠层叶面积指数的估测。     

三种植被类型植物根系对崇明岛海岸带稳定性的影响

Coastal erosion is currently a major problem along the southern coast of Chongming Island, Shanghai. To enhance the erosion protection ability of coastal shelterbelts, two woody tree species, Taxodium ascendens and Salix babylonica, were planted separately into Phragmites australis + Scirpus mariqueter communities in 2006. Two years later, we investigated whether either of these experiments reduced erosion and increased stability in the native herbaceous plant community. We also examined soil stability and root length density under T. ascendens added, S. babylonica added and native herbaceous vegetation conditions along an intertidal gradient from the soil surface to a depth of 40 cm in each experiment, thus to determine the capacity of T. ascendens and S. babylonica to contribute to shoreline stabilization. Topsoil under the native vegetation had greater stability at the middle and higher intertidal zones because its soil stability index and root length density were significantly higher than in the T. ascendens or S. babylonica planted communities. The effect of T. ascendens on soil stability was not generally better than that of the native vegetation. Only at the 20-30 cm soil depth of the middle intertidal zone and in the 10-20 cm layer of the higher intertidal zone the soil stability index and root length densities under the T. ascendens added condition were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the native vegetation. The S. babylonica planted soil had greater stability in the deeper soil layer than the soil under either the native vegetation or the T. ascendens added condition, and its soil stability index and root length density were significant higher (P < 0.05) than those of other vegetation conditions at the 30-40 cm soil depth for the lower intertidal zone and at the 20-40 cm layer for middle and higher intertidal zones.