丰帅苹果品种选育报告

丰帅是江苏省丰县农委果树研究所从金帅中选育的芽变品种,于2011年通过江苏省果茶花品种鉴定,鉴定证号为苏鉴果201109号。该品种在保留金帅优良特性的基础上,具有果实高桩、果面光洁、果锈较少的特点,适合在黄河故道区域发展。     

早熟甜油桃新品种‘秦光3号’

‘秦光3号’油桃是以‘82-4-33’为母本,‘阿姆肯’为父本,通过有性杂交培育而成的早熟新品种。果实生育期78 d。果实椭圆形,平均单果质量160 g,最大果245 g,果肉白色,果面着粉红色晕,外观漂亮,风味甜浓,芳香,可溶性固形物13.0%,品质优,半离核,丰产。     

切花小菊新品种‘缤纷’

‘缤纷’菊花是从‘双色紫’的优良芽变中选育出的新品种,为秋菊小花系列切花品种。圆锥状花序(花簇)长为35.6 cm,幅度19.8 cm。花朵(头状花序)圆整,直径3.5 cm,边花花瓣橙黄色具有紫晕。全生育期113 d左右。自然花期11月底到12月初。     

柑橘新品种‘粤丰早橘’

‘粤丰早橘’是从‘南丰蜜橘’芽变中选育出来的优良新品种,具有适应性强,丰产稳产、果实大、化渣性好等特点,平均单果质量58.33 g,可溶性固形物含量13.36%,总糖含量11.80%,总酸含量0.52%。在广东韶关地区种植,果实10月上旬成熟。     

毛花猕猴桃新品种‘赣猕6号’

‘赣猕6号’系从野生毛花猕猴桃(Actinidia eriantha)自然变异群体中选育而成的新品种。果实长圆柱形,果面密被白色短茸毛。果实中大,平均单果质量72.5 g,最大单果质量96 g。果肉墨绿,可溶性固形物含量13.6%,可滴定酸含量0.87%,干物质含量为17.3%。维生素C含量7.23 mg·g-1。果实成熟期为10月下旬。果实后熟达食用状态时易剥皮,肉质细嫩清香,风味酸甜适度。     

蟠桃新品种‘中蟠桃11号’

‘中蟠桃11号’是以‘红珊瑚’ב91-4-18’(NJN78×奉化蟠桃)杂交,结合胚挽救技术获得的蟠桃新品种。花铃形。单果质量180~200 g,果皮60%以上着鲜红色,果肉橙黄色,肉质为硬溶质。果实风味浓甜,可溶性固形物含量14%,粘核。耐运输。7月中下旬成熟,果实发育期120 d。极丰产,平均产量为38 888 kg·hm-2,     

金花菜新品种‘淮扬金花菜’

‘淮扬金花菜'是通过对江苏扬州、镇江等地种质资源调查并搜集整理,经多年筛选出的新品种,具有蛋白质含量高、品质好、产量高、再生性好、抗逆性强,综合性状优良的特点。粗蛋白含量29.41%,粗灰分含量7.94%,中性洗涤纤维含量21.71%,酸性洗涤纤维含量10.29%,适宜多次刈割,鲜草产量30 000 kg·hm~(-2)以上,适宜在长江中下游地区保护地或露地秋季种植。     

适合甜菜品种鉴定的SRAP核心引物的筛选

为筛选适合甜菜品种纯度鉴定的SRAP核心引物,以12个进口国外甜菜品种为材料,对546对SRAP引物组合进行扩增,利用8%的非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行分离,选择适合甜菜品种纯度鉴定的SRAP核心引物组合。结果从546对SRAP引物组合中筛选出扩增条带清晰、多态性丰富、重复性好的引物组合23对,这23对引物组合共扩增出177条多态性条带,引物的PIC值均大于0.6。平均每对引物扩增7.7条多态性条带,从理论上讲,这些核心引物完全可以实现对现有甜菜品种的鉴定。     

How to maintain improved cultivars

Improved cultivars loose their identity and healthiness unless maintained properly. Contaminating and degrading forces, such as outcrossing, volunteer plants, mixing, natural selection, mutation and seed-borne diseases, are at the root of this. Maintenance selection can prevent this deterioration. How it is carried out depends on the reproduction system of the crop. Crops are therefore classified into four categories; typical cross-pollinating crops, self-pollinating crops with a substantial amount of outcrossing, typical self-pollinating crops with little outcrossing, and the vegetatively reproduced crops. Generally some of the “breeder seed” is used to plant a small plot with spaced plants. A fair number of healthy plants of the cultivar type is selected and the seed is harvested per plant. The progenies of the selected plants are grown in small plots. Non-uniform or deviating plots and plots with a seed-borne disease are removed. The seed of the progenies that are healthy, uniform and similar (and so of the cultivar type) are harvested per progeny to be tested next season on larger plots. The same selection is applied and only the seed of the progenies that are healthy, uniform and similar are harvested together to produce the “breeder seed”. The details of this maintenance selection vary with the reproduction system, the multiplication rate of the crop and the possibilities available to the breeder. Seven crops, potato, common bean, barley, wheat, faba bean, quinoa and maize are discussed here as they represent the different reproduction systems and multiplication rates, while being important Andean food crops.     

Identification of tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum) by polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing

Summary Isozyme analyses have been used for the definitive identification of many plant cultivars, but not for cultivated tomatoes. Six isozyme systems, namely alcohol dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, phosphoglucomutase, esterase, phosphoglucoisomerase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase of tomato seed extracts were resolved by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels with a narrow pH gradient. Nine alcohol dehydrogenase phenotypes were distinguished which, with three acid phosphatase phenotypes, identified twelve of the seventeen cultivars. Fewer differences were found for the other isozymes. Since this method could differentiate between breeding parents and their progeny it is concluded that further investigations are warranted.Abbreviations APS acid phosphatase - ADH alcohol dehydrogenase - EST esterase - IEF isoelectric focusing - PGI phosphoglucoisomerase - PGM phosphoglucomutase - 6-PGDH 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase - RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism - VOPRI Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Research Institute