角毛壳菌降解粗纤维基因的筛选

以角毛壳菌菌丝体为材料,构建cDNA文库并进行了部分表达序列标签(ESTs)的分析。文库的滴度为1.02×106pfu/mL,重组率为95.3%,插入片段平均长度大于1.2kb。在cDNA文库中随机选择克隆从5′端测序得到1219个高质量ESTs,拼接为804条独立基因。其中460条(57.2%)与NCBI中非冗余蛋白质库(NR)已知基因有不同程度同源性的代表已知功能基因,344(42.8%)条独立基因与NR库中基因没有显著同源性的代表未知功能新基因。从已知基因中鉴定出了降解粗纤维的基因:β-1,4-内切葡聚糖酶基因、β-葡萄糖苷酶基因、β-内切木聚糖酶基因、木糖苷酶基因、漆酶基因。     

核桃种仁粗脂肪和氨基酸含量的差异性分析

以四川西南地区4个核桃类群为试材,对种仁样品进行了粗脂肪、氨基酸成分的测定与比较分析．结果表明:泡核桃粗脂肪含量与其它3个类群存在明显差异,为744．211 mg·g~(-1);不同类群间氨基酸含量差异显著,夹米核桃表现最优,为223．657 mg·g~(-1),而泡核桃仅有132．249 mg·g~(-1);核桃种仁氨基酸种类丰富,其中含有7种人体必需氨基酸,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的29．02%,且比例相对稳定,变异系数仅为3．17%;除蛋氨酸外,另外6种必需氨基酸含量及氨基酸总量存在较大变异,均超过16%．     

“猪康散”保健用药对人工感染猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒仔猪血清细胞因子含量的影响

选取28日龄健康杜长大三元杂交仔猪40头,随机分为4组,每组10头。36~39日龄中药组(Ⅲ、Ⅳ组)分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%"猪康散",40日龄除阴性对照组(Ⅰ组)外均滴鼻接种PRRSV SCM株1.0mL。于40、45、50、55、60日龄每组选取4头仔猪,前腔静脉采血测定血清细胞因子(IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α)的变化。结果显示,在整个试验期间,除0.5%中药组40日龄仔猪血清中IL-2含量与阴性对照组差异不显著外(P0.05),0.5%和1.0%中药组仔猪血清中IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α的含量均显著高于阴性对照组和阳性对照组(P0.01或0.05);除两中药组40日龄仔猪血清中IL-6含量差异不显著外(P0.05),1.0%中药组仔猪血清中IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α含量均显著高于0.5%中药组(P0.01或0.05)。结果表明,在断奶仔猪基础日粮中添加0.5%和1.0%质量分数的"猪康散"能明显提高人工感染PRRSV仔猪血清中IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α的含量,从而提高仔猪机体免疫功能,达到抗PRRSV的能力。     

豆秸、花生秧和青贮玉米秸间的组合效应研究

本试验旨在研究豆秸、花生秧和青贮玉米秸间的组合效应。试验将豆秸、花生秧和青贮玉米秸分别以0∶100、20∶80、40∶60、60∶40、80∶20、100∶0比例进行两两组合,利用体外瘤胃发酵技术,分析不同组合对产气量及产气参数、pH、氨态氮、菌体蛋白的影响,计算各组合的单项组合效应值和综合组合效应值,进而筛选各饲料组合的适宜比例。结果表明：豆秸-花生秧、豆秸-青贮玉米秸、花生秧-青贮玉米秸组合在产气参数上差异显著(P<0.05),豆秸-花生秧和豆秸-青贮玉米秸均以20∶80时各产气参数最优,花生秧-青贮玉米秸以60∶40时各产气参数为最优;各组合对体外瘤胃液pH影响差异不显著(P>0.05);不同组合的氨态氮浓度差异显著(P<0.05),在39~64 mg/dL变化;豆秸-花生秧和花生秧-青贮玉米秸的菌体蛋白浓度随花生秧比例增多而增多,豆秸-青贮玉米秸的菌体蛋白浓度在两者比例为20∶80时最高。以多项组合效应评定指数评定各组合效应,豆秸与花生秧、青贮玉米秸均以20∶80的比例较为适宜,花生秧与青贮玉米秸比例以60∶40时较为适宜,综合组合效应指数均达到最大。     

Effects of Feeding Different Dietary Crude Protein and Digestible Energy to Yili Mares during Late Lactation Stage on Growth Development and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Foals

In this paper, thirty Yili mares aged 11 to 12 years with weighing 410 kg ± 30 kg, parity of 4 to 5 in third lactation month were selected, and were randomly divided into six groups, each group with five repeats.Two factors quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combination design was adopted to evaluate the effects of feeding different dietary CP and DE to mares on growth development and blood biochemical parameters of foals.Daily DE and CP feeding levels of the 6 groups were 92 MJ/d and 1.20 kg/d, 125 MJ/d and 1.20 kg/d, 92 MJ/d and 1.55 kg/d, 107 MJ/d and 1.35 kg/d, 125 MJ/d and 1.44 kg/d, 115 MJ/d and 1.55 kg/d, respectively.The results showed that body weight, body height, chest circumference and cannon circumference of foals of four and five months were not significant affected by maternal protein and energy intake (P>0.05).As compared with ration contained high DE (125 MJ/d) and low CP (1.20 kg/d), feeding with ration contained moderate DE (107 MJ/d) and CP (1.35 kg/d) improved body length of foals of four and five months significantly (P<0.05).From the blood biochemical parameters, such as total protein, albumin, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, there were no significant differences among all groups (P>0.05).Mares fed with ration contained moderate DE (107 MJ/d) and CP (1.35 kg/d) obviously improved the aspartate aminotransferase and uric acid level.In summary, Yili mares during lactation late stage fed with 1.35 kg/d CP and 107 MJ/d DE daily could significantly improve body length development of foals, and foals nitrogen metabolism was altered by maternal dietary nutrition through increasing blood aspartate aminotransferase activity.     

药用植物真菌毒素污染现状与控制策略

药用植物被广泛用作家庭医疗和制药工业的原材料。随着消费量和种植面积的逐年增加,药用植物真菌毒素污染有加重的趋势。在生长、收获、处理和储存的过程中,药用植物都可能会受到各种霉菌的污染,从而导致其发霉并产生真菌毒素。加之缺乏对这些天然药品质量和毒性的有效监测,其安全性已经成为一个严重的公共卫生安全问题。本文对药用植物中主要的真菌毒素污染种类及其天然存在情况进行了综述,提出了真菌毒素污染防控措施,并对保障药品质量安全和人体健康采取的方法进行了展望。     

原油期货价格对农业上市公司股价的影响分析

文章基于国际原油期货价格变动对农业上市公司股价变动的传导机制,运用VAR模型进行实证检验,结果表明,滞后一期的国际原油期货价格变动对农业上市公司股价波动产生正向影响,其原因可能是因为国际市场价格传导时滞,国内行政手段的干预等。为缓冲国际原油期货价格变动对我国农业公司股价的影响,文章从政府和企业等方面提出缓冲的对策建议:完善原油期货价格机制,提高农业上市公司的风险对冲意识和能力,加大对农业企业的金融支持力度。     

小麦抗赤霉病育种回顾与展望

由禾谷镰刀菌复合种引起的赤霉病是全世界最重要的小麦病害之一,严重影响小麦的产量和品质,受病原菌侵染的籽粒还会产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)为主的毒素,进一步威胁人畜健康.抗赤霉病品种选育与应用是解决小麦赤霉病及毒素危害的有效途径,中国自20世纪50年代开始抗赤霉病育种研究,70年代成立全...     

胜利原油对渔业生物致油臭试验研究

通过试验给出了对虾、鲈鱼、毛蚶和文蛤四种渔业经济生物不同受试天数的油臭阈限值,并指出受试天数越短,油臭阈限值越大;受试天数越长,油臭阈限值越小,油臭阈限值与渔业生物的受试天数呈负相关关系。     

Implications of crude oil pollution on natural regeneration of plant species in an oil-producing community in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

The study evaluated the impact of crude oil pollution on natural regeneration of plant species in a major oil-producing community in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Three sites—unpolluted site(US), polluted and untreated site(PUS), and polluted and treated site(PTS)—were purposively chosen for the study. The seedling emergence method was used to evaluate soil seed banks in the various sites at two depths, 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm. Woody-plant species richness, abundance, and diversity were higher in the US seed bank than in the PUS and PTS seed banks. The highest number of non-woody plants was observed in the US, followed by the PTS, and then the PUS. Both species richness and diversity of non-woody plants were highest at the US, followed by the PUS, and lowest in the PTS. Woody species in the US seed bank were 87.5% and 80% dissimilar with those of the PUS and PTS at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm respectively. No variation was observed between woody species in the PUS and PTS seed banks. Non-woody species at 0-10 cm US seed bank were 73.08% dissimilar with those of PUS at the two soil depths and 81.48/88.46% dissimilar with those of the 0–10/10–20 cm of the PTS respectively. At 10–20 cm, non-woody species of the US were 69.66% dissimilar with those from each of the two soil depths in PUS; and 73.91/81.82% dissimilar with those of 0–10/10–20 cm of the PTS respectively. Non-woody species variation between the PUS and PTS was higher at 10–20 cm than 0–10 cm. The poor seed bank attributes at the polluted sites demonstrates that crude oil pollution negatively affected the natural regeneration potential of the native flora because soil seed banks serve as the building blocks for plant succession. Thorough remediation and enrichment planting are recommended to support the recovery process of vegetation in the polluted areas.