Effects of sodium butyrate on growth performance,haematological and immunological characteristics of weanling piglets

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on growth, haematological and immunological characteristics in weanling pigs. A total of 100 male piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with a body weight of 8.0 ± 0.2 kg weaned at the age of 28 days were randomly assigned to two treatments with five replicates and 10 pigs per replicate. Piglets received a basal diet (control group) or diets supplemented with 1000 mg/kg SB. The feeding trial lasted for 21 days. The results showed that dietary SB significantly decreased (p < 0.05) diarrhoea incidence of weaned piglets, but did not affect (p > 0.05) the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain (F/G). Furthermore, piglets fed dietary SB had higher (p < 0.05) serum concentrations of glucose and triglycerides and lower (p < 0.05) serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, cortisol, D‐lactic acid and diamine oxidase when compared with the control group. However, dietary SB did not affect concentrations of serum albumin, total protein, insulin and glucagon (p > 0.05). There were no significant (p > 0.05) treatment effects on serum IgA and IgM, whereas serum IgG concentration and IgA+ cell count in jejunum from pigs fed SB were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in those given the basal diet. In conclusion, the present study indicated that dietary SB significantly decreased diarrhoea incidence of weaned piglets and increased the efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Also, dietary SB could regulate and enhance the immune function of piglets by increasing the serum IgG concentration and IgA+ cell count in jejunum. Our results suggest that SB may reduce some of the adverse effects of weaning stress and play an important role in maintaining the integrity of intestinal mucosa.     

Effects of straw treatment and nitrogen supplementation on digestibility,intake and physiological responses of water intake as well as urine and faecal characteristics

This study investigates the effects of feeding diet based on untreated (UT) or ensiled alkali‐treated (ET) barley straw with either urea or casein supplementation, on feed intake, digestibility, ruminal pH, water intake and faecal and urinary characteristics. Four sheep fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Barley straw was treated by the dry (spraying) method in pH adjusted of hydrogen peroxide (pH 11.5), ensiled for 6 weeks and included at 65% of the diet dry matter (DM). The results showed that straw pH reduced from 11.58 to 8.60 after 6 weeks of ensilage. The ET diet increased average DM digestibility and intake by 19% and 43% respectively. Total water intake was similar across treatments, while the water/DM intake ratio was 23% higher with the UT diet than with the ET one. Ruminal (6.73 vs. 6.84) and faecal (8.67 vs. 9.05) pH decreased but urinary pH (6.14 vs. 8.13) increased as a result of feeding animals on the ET diet compared with the UT diet. Compared with the UT diet, the ET one decreased faecal fibre (12%), moisture (32%) and water holding capacity, while it increased faecal ash (10%) and density (20%). The volume of urine excreted by the sheep fed with the ET diet increased by 67%, but their urine specific gravity (SG) decreased. No significant effects were observed for the dietary N supplementation and interactions between straw type × N supplementation with regard to any of the measured characteristics except for DM intake, which reduced due to the casein supplementation in the ET diet. These results indicate that the alkali treatment and ensilage of barley straw increased digestibility, intake, faecal consistency and urinary pH and dilution but decreased straw alkalinity as well as ruminal and faecal pH.     

日粮添加碳酸氢钠对蛋鸡肠道菌群多样性的影响

900羽21周龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复30羽。分别在基础日粮中添加0、0．1％、0．5％、2．5％、5％NaHCO3,持续10周。结果显示,与对照组相比,0．1％组蛋鸡盲肠乳酸菌数量增加,大肠杆菌数量降低,菌群多样性指数提高（P〉0．05）。0．5％组蛋鸡粪便pH值显著提高（P〈0．05）,乳酸菌数量增加,菌群多样性指数提高（P〉0．05）。2．5％、5％组蛋鸡粪便pH值、水分含量极显著高于其他组（P〈0．01）。同时,2．5％、5％组盲肠乳酸杆菌数量降低（P〉0．05或P〈0.05）,大肠杆菌数量增高（P〉0．05或P〈0．05）,5％组菌群多样性指数亦显著降低前3组（P〈0．05）。结果表明,日粮添加NaHCO3超过2．5％,蛋鸡腹泻严重,肠道菌群平衡严重破坏。而当NaHCO3的添加量低于0．5％时,肠道有益菌数量和菌群多样性指数呈增加趋势,蛋鸡生产性能维持正常。因此,本试验提示蛋鸡生产中饲料添加剂NaHCO3最高耐受量为0．5％。     

紫外分光光度法测定阿苯达唑片含量的不确定度评定

对紫外-可见分光光度法测定阿苯达唑片含量的不确定度进行评定以及测量过程中各种不确定度来源进行分析与评估,含量测定结果可表示为（95．7±2．0）％（k=2）。结果表明,仪器的吸光度、重量差异、称样量和移液管的体积引入的不确定度为测量结果不确定度的主要影响因素。     

HPLC法测定磷酸替米考星可溶性粉中磷酸替米考星的含量

建立了HPLC法测定磷酸替米考星可溶性粉中磷酸替米考星的含量。色谱条件：用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;以水-乙腈-磷酸二丁胺缓冲液-四氢呋喃(805:115:25:55)为流动相;流速每分钟1.0ml;检测波长280nm。替米考星在0.0516mg/ml～1.032mg/ml范围内,线性关系良好(r=0.9999,n=6),平均回收率为98.5%,RSD为2.0%。本研究所建立的方法专属性强、方法简便、准确,可用于磷酸替米考星可溶性粉的质量控制。     

日本沼虾饲料最适蛋白质、脂肪含量及能量蛋白比的研究

本文研究了日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)饲料的最适蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及能量蛋白比。试验用饲料由酪蛋白、糊精、混合油、复合维生素和无机盐混合物等组成。本试验用的日本沼虾体重为 1.77±0.23克,试验期间水温为 21—25℃。用增重率、饲料系数和肝胰脏α-淀粉酶活力等作为评价指标。试验结果表明:日本沼虾配合饲料适宜蛋白质含量为 36.8—42.27％,适宜脂肪含量为6—12％。当配合饲料的蛋内质含量在适宜范围内,饲料能量蛋白比(C/P)为8千卡/克蛋白左右,每公斤配合饲料的总能量为3006—3561千卡是最为适宜的。当饲料总能量在一定范围内,随着饲料碳水化合物含量的增加,肝胰脏α-淀粉酶活力增强。     

鲜切生菜供应链温度波动与微生物含量变化

选取北京某优质农产品种植公司的6月中旬、12月下旬2条具有代表性的鲜切生菜供应链为研究对象,对整个链条温度波动规律分别进行为期7d的实地考察测量;并根据调研的温度曲线,在实验室条件下模拟供应链温度,测定鲜切生菜的微生物含量变化.研究结果显示,2条供应链温度都呈现出较大波动性：6月中旬实际供应链温度波动范围为在1.2～24.1℃,12月下旬为-6.1～16.2℃;运输过程温度波动较小,装车卸货等环节温度波动较明显.实验室模拟条件下得到的鲜切生菜微生物含量变化规律与供应链温度波动曲线存在正相关性,相关系数6月中旬0.849 77,12月下旬为0.847 99.     

镇康县森林资源特征研究

2008年3月至2009年6月,在镇康县共完成253050 hm2土地面积的区划调查、706个角规样地的测设及各项分析工作。采用1︰25000卫星影像图作为调查用图,现地区划小班并调查记载小班各项因子;采用GPS定位样地,角规控制检尺方法进行样地蓄积量调查。在ArcGIS软件支持下,矢量化小班区划调查成果,采用“云南省县级森林资源管理信息系统”软件录入小班各项调查因子和统计森林资源,根据录入的数据库制作成果图。结果表明,镇康县主要植被类型有热带季雨林、南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林、中山湿性常绿阔叶林、亚高山温凉性阔叶林、落叶阔叶林及针叶林6种类型。镇康县林地总面积171402.9 hm2,其中国有林面积20347.8 hm2,占11.87％;集体林面积68234.2 hm2,占39.81％;个体林面积82820.9 hm2,占48.32％。有林地面积154188.8 hm2,占89.96％;疏林地面积860.0 hm2,占0.50％;灌木林地面积9233.2 hm2,占5.39％;未成林造林地面积40.9 hm2,占0.02％;无立木林地面积268.7 hm2,占0.16％;宜林地面积6811.3 hm2,占3.97％。镇康县活立木总蓄积量8192960 m3,其中：天然林蓄积7572790 m3,占92.43％;人工林蓄积599800 m3,占7.32％;飞播林蓄积20370 m3,占0.25％,林木使用权以集体及个体为主。镇康县森林资源消耗逐渐减少,蓄积量有较大幅度增长,森林结构以天然林为主,生物多样性丰富,林业发展潜力大。研究结果对提高镇康县森林资源科学管理和森林经营水平,推进镇康县森林可持续经营和林业可持续发展都具有重要的参考价值。     

桑树轮纹病病原菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究

2012年6～8月,通过对桑树轮纹病病原菌分离、田间致病性测定、病原菌形态观察,将该病原菌鉴定为桑膝节霉,并对此病病原菌的生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明,不同培养基配方、温度、酸碱度、碳源、氮源、光照对桑树轮纹病病原菌菌丝的生长有一定影响,菌丝生长的最适宜培养基是理查培养基,最适温度是25℃,最适pH值是7.0,最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为蛋白胨,光照对菌丝生长无显著性差异,菌丝的致死温度和时间分别为85℃和10 min。对该病病原菌生物学特性研究为云南首次报道,对桑树轮纹病的防治具有一定的参考价值。     

腾冲县古银杏资源的分布和结构特征

通过访谈、查阅文献资料与实地调查,对云南省腾冲县古银杏资源的分布、数量及结构特征进行分析。结果显示,腾冲县共有古银杏3000余株,分布在界头乡和固东镇;其中107株古银杏有生长指标,雌株占94.34％;树高最大为30.0 m,最小为9.5 m;树龄最长为610年;胸径最大为3.08 m;平均冠幅最大为18.8 m。垂乳银杏有82株,单株垂乳个数最多为78个,垂乳最长达0.70 m;复干银杏有56株,单株复干数最多为15株,复干胸径最大为0.95 m;叶籽银杏有4株。