鲁西牛和秦川牛体尺性状与胴体性状间典型相关分析

为揭示肉牛体尺性状与胴体性状两组变量之间相关本质,对鲁西牛和秦川牛的4个体尺性状和7个胴体性状分别进行典型相关分析,结果表明:鲁西牛和秦川牛的体尺性状和胴体性状间都存在较强的相关,其第1典型相关系数均达到极显著相关水平(P0.01),典型相关系数分别是0.886和0.985,占到总相关信息的66.00%和92.92%,第2典型相关系数分别是0.738和0.802,累积占到总相关信息的87.73%和98.16%。鲁西牛体尺性状和胴体性状间第1对典型相关主要由胸围(A4)与胴体重(B1)引起,第2对典型相关主要由体高(A1)与后腿长(B5)引起,而秦川牛体尺性状和胴体性状间第1对典型相关主要由管围(A3)、胸围(A4)与胴体重(B1)、后腿长(B5)、胴体长(B7)引起,对2个品种牛两组性状的选育应侧重于这几个性状的表现,可以达到较理想的效果。     

两种阶段肥育法对生长肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

研究三阶段肥育法和五阶段肥育法对商品肉猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响。结果表明,与传统三阶段肥育法相比,五阶段肥育法可使生长肥育猪增重4.53%,差异不显著(P0.05);料重比两者相近(2.96∶2.97);日均采食量提高4.13%,差异不显著(P0.05);胴体品质无显著影响(P0.05);每公斤增重饲料成本减少0.66元。     

山东地方鸡种屠宰及体尺性状的比较分析

本试验随机选取相同环境条件下饲养的170日龄汶上芦花鸡、济宁百日鸡和莱芜黑鸡各30只,测定其屠宰性能和体尺性状,并进行品种间的比较分析。结果表明,170日龄的活体重济宁百日鸡为1532.03 g,莱芜黑鸡为1431.20 g,汶上芦花鸡为1369.83 g;莱芜黑鸡的屠体率、半净膛率、全净膛率和腿比率值均为最高,且与其他品种间存在显著（P＜0.05）或极显著（P＜0.01）差异;3个地方鸡种的肌肉pH在宰后15 min至宰后24 h内均呈下降趋势,各时期pH均符合正常肌肉要求范围。肌内脂肪含量以济宁百日鸡最高,剪切力和肌内脂肪含量均以汶上芦花鸡最低;各品种的体型特征比较接近,胫围和髋骨宽以汶上芦花鸡最小,莱芜黑鸡最大。     

生理应激对肉仔鸡胴体品质及肌肉品质影响

为考察生理应激对肉仔鸡胴体品质及肌肉品质的影响,选用108只1周龄肉仔鸡均分为对照组和皮质酮组,分别饲喂基础日粮和在基础日粮中添加30mg/kg日粮的皮质酮。21日龄时,测定肉仔鸡血液皮质酮含量;42日龄时,测定胴体和肌肉品质。结果表明:皮质酮组肉仔鸡血液皮质酮含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。皮质酮组肉仔鸡胸肌率、腿肌率、胸肌纤维面积、胸肌滴水损失率及胸肌脂肪含量分别比对照组低25.74%、10.47%、14.75、24.08%和42.86%,均差异显著(P<0.05)。皮质酮组肉仔鸡腹脂率、腿肌pH及胸肌中蛋白脂肪比分别比对照组高34.75%、6.65%和58.57%,均差异显著(P<0.05)。2处理间胸肌pH及剪切力,腿肌滴水损失率及剪切力,胸肌蛋白含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果提示,皮质酮应激显著降低肉仔鸡胸肌率、腿肌率、胸肌滴水损失率和胸肌中脂肪含量,显著提高了肉仔鸡的腹脂率、腿肌pH及胸肌中蛋白脂肪比。     

飞鸭体尺与屠宰性能测定及其相关性分析

试验测定了8周龄天农飞鸭的体尺与屠宰性能,分析了各指标间的相关性。结果表明,半潜水长、胫长和宰前体重在公母鸭之间存在极显著差异(P＜0.01),体斜长、龙骨长和胫围在公母鸭之间存在显著差异(P＜0.05);屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、腿肌重在公母鸭之间存在极显著差异(P＜0.01),瘦肉重在公母鸭之间存在显著差异(P＜0.05)。宰前体重与体尺各指标（胸宽除外）间存在着极显著相关(P＜0.01);试验所测的9个体尺指标均与宰前体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重之间存在显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)正相关;宰前体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重和瘦肉重相互之间呈强相关(P＜0.01),但体重和屠体重却与以上其它重量性状的百分率指标间无明显相关(P＞0.05)。     

Dietary threonine requirement of fingerling Indian major carp,Catla catla (Hamilton) estimated by growth,protein retention efficiency,threonine deposition,haematological parameters and carcass composition

A 12‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary threonine requirement of fingerling Indian major carp, Catla catla (3.35 ± 0.11 cm; 0.59 ± 0.06 g). Six casein‐gelatin based (33% crude protein; 3.23 kcal g^?1 digestible energy) amino acid test diets with graded levels of analysed threonine (0.74%, 0.96%, 1.21%, 1.48%, 1.72% and 1.93% dry diet) were fed to satiation to triplicate groups of fish. Absolute weight gain (g per fish), feed conversion ratio, protein retention efficiency, threonine deposition, RNA/DNA ratio and carcass protein significantly improved with the increase in dietary threonine and peaked at 1.48% of the dry diet. Haematological indices were also found to be best in fish fed at 1.48% threonine diet. Quadratic regression analysis of absolute weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein retention efficiency, threonine deposition, RNA/DNA ratio, carcass protein, haemoglobin (g dL^?1), haematocrit (%) and RBCs (10⁶ × mm^?3) at 95% of maximum and minimum response exhibited the threonine requirement of fingerling C. catla between 1.35% and 1.48% dry diet, corresponding to 4.09–4.48% dietary protein. Present finding would be useful in formulating threonine‐balanced feeds for the intensive culture of C. catla.     

Effect of dietary supplemental nicotinic acid on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality in three genotypes of chicken

The effects of dietary supplemental nicotinic acid (NA) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality were investigated in three genotypes of chicken. Fast‐growing AA (Arbor Acres) broilers were compared with two genotypes of a slow‐growing local breed, Beijing‐You, that had undergone selection for and against intramuscular fat content respectively (BJY+IMF and BJY?IMF). The treatments were arranged 3 × 4 factorial completely randomized design. Day‐old females (n = 624) were allocated to four treatments with six replicates per treatment and fed diets (basal contained ～25 mg NA/kg) supplemented with 0, 30, 60 and 120 mg NA/kg. A sample of 72 birds from each genotype was slaughtered at market time (8 weeks of age for AA and 16 weeks of age for BJY). The breast muscles of AA broilers were darker, had less redness and yellowness, lower drip loss and higher shear force as compared to the BJY genotypes (p < 0.01). The highest drip loss and the lowest shear force among the three genotypes were apparent in BJY+IMF (p < 0.01). Increasing supplementation from 0 to 60 mg NA/kg tended to increase average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, width of intermuscular fat band, thickness of subcutaneous fat (including skin) and percentage of abdominal fat but, for most variables, values decreased slightly with 120 mg NA/kg. Increasing supplementation to 60 mg NA/kg decreased (quadratic, p < 0.001) drip loss, but it increased at 120 mg NA/kg. The present results indicate that (i) the AA broilers fed corn–soybean meal based‐diets require approximately 60 mg NA/kg to maximize ADG and meat product yield and decrease the drip loss of breast muscle; (ii) the addition of 30 mg NA/kg meets the requirement of BJY genotypes; and (iii) there seems to be no beneficial effect of NA supplementation on chicken meat quality except for limiting the drip loss.     

牛SCD1基因C878T位点遗传多态性与中国西门塔尔牛部分脂肪相关性状的效应分析

为探索8个中国牛群SCD1基因多态性与屠宰和肉质性状的相关性,选取中国西门塔尔牛、雷琼牛、云南高峰牛、BMY牛、闽南黄牛、鲁西黄牛、渤海黑牛和中国南方荷斯坦牛等8个群体共682头个体为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP法分析SCD1基因遗传多态性。结果表明,在878bp处发现1个碱基C→T的突变(C878T),导致蛋白质肽链中丙氨酸(alanine)突变为缬氨酸(valine)。C878T位点在所研究群体中表现为CC、CT和TT3种基因型,其中,中国西门塔尔牛中TT基因型频率较高(0.114),鲁西黄牛和渤海黑牛中较低(0.050/0.063),4个热带群体中未发现TT基因型。采用GLM对SCD1基因C878T位点与132头中国西门塔尔屠宰牛的部分脂肪相关性状进行关联分析。结果,CC基因型个体肌间脂肪含量和肠系膜油质量显著高于TT型个体(P<0.05),背膘厚极显著低于TT型个体(P<0.01),其他性状间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,SCD1基因C878T位点突变对中国西门塔尔牛脂肪相关性状有较大的遗传效应,可用于其部分屠宰与肉质性状的分子标记辅助选择。