Gradient analysis of an eastern sand savanna's woody vegetation,and its long-term responses to restored fire processes

Little information is available comparing historic and modern sand savannas, and how remnants respond to restored fire. We compared short- and long-term effects of restored fire on the Tefft Savanna, a 197 ha eastern sand savanna in northwest Indiana that had undergone three decades of fire protection. U.S. Public Land Survey data from Tefft in 1833 indicate black and white oak barrens, and pin oak savanna, with trees averaging 50 stems/ha and 4 m²/ha basal area. We used ordination and a digital elevation model to assess topographic distribution of tree species in 1986. In 1986, we also compared initial effects of high- and low-intensity dormant season fire on woody vegetation among nine blocks containing black oak, white oak, and pin oak stands. Twenty years later, we compared the same blocks, all of which had been burned three times per decade with low-intensity fires. In 1986, black oak, white oak and pin oak occurred across a gradient of decreasing elevation and slope. At that time, unburned black oak and white oak stands averaged >400 stems/ha and about 10 m²/ha basal area, and their smaller size classes contained non-oak woody vegetation that apparently had invaded with fire exclusion. After initial burns, black oak and white oak stands receiving high-intensity fire averaged <200 stems/ha and had significantly lower oak canopy cover and basal area than unburned stands. Stands receiving low-intensity fire had intermediate oak canopy cover, with basal area similar to unburned stands. Pin oak stands were more fire-resistant, apparently because spring flooding often reduced fire effects. Density, cover and basal area of non-oak tree species were much lower than oaks, and were not reduced by initial burning. Repeated low-intensity burning over 20 years tended to maintain structure caused by initial fires. However, it reduced lower size class stem densities, promoted post-fire sprouting into the shrub layer, and allowed oak basal area to increase in larger size classes. Time since fire regulated shrub layer structure on a 4-year cycle. Density and cover of trees and shrubs returned to pre-burn conditions by the second and fourth growing seasons after fire, respectively, with non-oak tree species exceeding pre-burn cover and density by the fourth season. These results suggest that high-intensity fire is more important than repeated low-intensity burning in structuring and restoring eastern sand savanna, and that non-oak tree species, once established, may be resistant to low-intensity fire.     

安徽"丫山花海石林"旅游区门景区的规划设计

根据"突出主题、服务游客"的原则对安徽"丫山花海石林"旅游区门景区进行了规划设计探索。在分析旅游区现状特色的基础上,提出了门景区的功能定位,规划设计应遵循的原则,主要景点建设规划,以及旅游设施建设与项目设置规划。并根据各个景点与设施的特点,对植被景观规划与植物配置做了详细规划。     

栗真绥螨和黄瓜新小绥螨对西方花蓟马初孵若虫功能反应的比较

于人工气候箱（23±1℃、RH70%±5%、光照（D∶L=16h∶8h）条件下,在菜豆叶片制作的叶碟上,比较了栗真绥螨与黄瓜新小绥螨对西方花蓟马初孵若虫的功能反应。结果表明：黄瓜新小绥螨和栗真绥螨对西方花蓟马初孵若虫的功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型模型,分别为Na=0.763×Nt/（1＋0.152Nt）和Na=0.257×Nt/（1＋0.032Nt）,对西方花蓟马初孵若虫的攻击率分别为0.763和0.257,处理时间分别为0.199d和0.125d,日最大捕食量分别为5.0头和8.0头。     

Magnetic field increase weight and water content in date palm （Phoenix dactylifera L.）

Magnetic field effects on different plant species have been subject of many studies in the last decade. Magnetic fields are known to induce changes in plant metabolism, growth and productivity. In this study, effect of magnetic field on date palm weight and water content has been investigated. Seedlings of date palm were treated with two types of magnetic fields in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, seedlings were treated with static magnetic field SMF using electromagnetic circuit set to produce three levels of magnetic field intensities 10, 50 and 100 mT for different durations （0, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min）. In the second experiment seedlings were treated with alternating magnetic field AMF, using magnetic resonance imaging providing 1500 mT for 0, 1, 5, 10 and 15 min. After two months of exposure, plants growth parameters （fresh, dry weights and water content for both leaves and roots） were recorded. The measurements revealed that leaf fresh, dry weight and water content increased significantly in response to SMF treatment. Similarly, roots fresh weight and water content were increased significantly; however roots dry weight increasing were insignificant. In the second experiment, AMF has affected plant growth all parameters were increased significantly. Measurements reached the highest level at 15 min of exposure. This study revealed that magnetic fields affect date palm growth parameters by increasing osmotic pressure and water potential which increase water absorption and enhance flesh weight.     

高强度脉冲磁场对辣根过氧化物酶活性的影响

以辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)为原料,研究磁场强度和脉冲数在不同处理温度下对HRP活性的影响.结果表明,磁场强度小于1T时,脉冲磁场对辣根过氧化物酶有激活作用,随着脉冲数的增加,激活作用逐渐降低;磁场强度大于1T时,脉冲磁场对辣根过氧化物酶的活性有抑制作用,且随着脉冲数的增加,抑制作用逐渐增强;3.5T是脉冲磁场对辣根过氧化物酶活性的抑制作用显著增强的一个拐点值;较高的处理温度可以增强磁场对辣根过氧化物酶活性的抑制作用. 4.5T,40℃,40个脉冲时HRP的活性降低了90%.PMF处理后的酶液在4℃下贮藏,48h后HRP的活性仍缓慢下降,无再生现象.     

PC机辅助三维表面覆盖法诊断颞骨茎突骨折的临床价值

目的:探讨PC机辅助三维表面覆盖法诊断颞骨茎突骨折的临床价值。方法:对45例颌面及颅底外伤的患者进行多层螺旋CT薄层扫描后,经PC机辅助三维表面覆盖法成像。结果:45例患者中发现颞骨茎突骨折9例,其中双侧骨折2例,单侧骨折7例,均合并有不同程度的颌面部及颅底骨折。结论:PC机辅助三维表面覆盖法可直观地了解颞骨茎突骨折在三维立体空间的实际大小、形态、位置及周围结构的解剖关系,对诊断和治疗有重要的指导作用,同时具有实用、方便、经济诸多优点,值得在颞骨茎突、颌面、骨与关节疾病诊断应用领域推广。     

纳豆加工工艺的研究

纳豆是日本的一种传统性食品,近年研究发现其具有许多保健功能.通过正交试验和产品感官评定,得到的纳豆生产优化工艺是：菌种为B-1,大豆浸泡时间为14 h,蒸煮时间20 min（121℃）,接种量4%,最佳发酵温度为37℃,最佳发酵时间为24 h,NaCl 3%,蔗糖2%,在4℃下后熟24 h.     

稻米功能性成分的生理活性及其产品开发

本文就稻谷主副产品如淀粉、碎米、米糠、米胚和稻壳等中的主要功能性成分,包括抗性淀粉、γ氨基丁酸、多磷酸肌醇、谷维素、维生素E和二十八烷醇等的生理功能及富含特定功能因子产品的开发研究进展进行了简要综述,以期为开发与研制新型功能食品提供思路。     

CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING USING INTRAVENOUS PARAMAGNETIC CONTRAST MEDIA: A REVIEW

Interest in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as a major diagnostic tool in veterinary clinical medicine is increasing. Most MR studies are performed with the use of contrast enhancement via intravenous injection of paramagnetic gadolinium-containing contrast media. A vast number of publications are available regarding the use of contrast media in humans. The purpose of this paper is to assist practicing veterinary radiologists in understanding mechanisms of MR contrast enhancement. This paper reviews certain aspects of MR contrast enhancement, including physical, chemical and biologic characteristics of most common MR contrast media targeted primarily at the central nervous system (CNS). Authors also describe processes that explain changes in signal intensity on the MR images.     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE CANINE STIFLE JOINT TECHNIQUE AND APPLICATIONS IN ELEVEN MILITARY DOGS

The stifle joints of eleven military working dogs were evaluated using conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR arthrography. A protocol optimizing MR imaging of the canine stifle joint is discussed, as well as potential uses for administration of intra-articular gadolinium. The technique for performing MR arthrography is described, and post-contrast image findings are reviewed. MR arthrography was performed by using an intra-articular injection of diluted gadolinium. Consistently good quality images were obtained, and no complications were clinically detected following MR arthrography. Cranial cruciate ligament abnormalities were seen in six dogs, meniscal abnormalities were visualized in nine menisci, and synovitis and medial ligament strain were seen in eight dogs. Surgical and post-mortem confirmation of these findings is discussed in seven dogs. Although MR arthrography adds an invasive procedure to conventional MR imaging, it can provide useful information on pathologic changes in the canine stifle joint.