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回生抗性淀粉种类对米淀粉凝胶形成的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
为寻找改善普通米淀粉制品的结构及品质的新型食品添加剂,该文以普通米淀粉为原料,采用快速黏度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、质构分析仪、全自动X射线衍射仪及示差扫描量热仪等手段,研究添加锥栗、马铃薯与绿豆回生抗性淀粉(retrograded resistant starch,RSⅢ)对米淀粉凝胶微观结构及理化性质的影响。结果表明:添加锥栗、马铃薯及绿豆RSⅢ对米淀粉凝胶的结构及性质产生显著影响(P0.01),以锥栗RSⅢ的作用最为突出。添加锥栗、马铃薯与绿豆RSⅢ对米淀粉糊的黏度特性没有影响(P0.05)。未添加RSⅢ的米淀粉凝胶存在很多不规则、深浅不一的大洞,而加入RSⅢ使米淀粉凝胶的网状结构变得更为规整、致密,且其胶着性与黏聚性变化不大(P0.05);添加锥栗、马铃薯与绿豆RSⅢ后能加速米淀粉凝胶的形成,与未添加RSⅢ的米淀粉凝胶比,其硬度分别增加了2.38、1.97和1.25倍(P0.01),黏着性分别增加2.56、1.99和1.32倍(P0.01),弹性增加1.07、0.81和0.53倍(P0.01)。米淀粉以A-型晶体占优,锥栗RSⅢ以V-型晶体占优,马铃薯与绿豆RSⅢ均以B-型晶体占优;不加或加入RSⅢ的米淀粉凝胶粉末都转变为以V-型晶体为主,且总相对结晶度没有改变(P0.05)。加入RSⅢ后的米淀粉糊除有低温吸热峰外还出现高温吸热峰,是否添加RSⅢ对低温吸热峰的温度参数影响不大(P0.05),但吸热焓显著降低(P0.01);而对于高温吸热峰,添加马铃薯与绿豆RSⅢ的各项参数没有差别(P0.05),但比添加锥栗RSⅢ的显著增高(P0.01)。可见添加不同来源的RSⅢ可以有效改善米淀粉凝胶的结构与品质。该研究结果为抗性淀粉用于提高米制品品质与营养功能的研究和生产提供了重要参考。 相似文献
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大米抗性淀粉制备工艺优化及特性分析 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
宜糖米是新型高直链淀粉的大米品种,具有开发高抗性淀粉(resistant starch,RS)产品的潜力。该文采用响应面分析优化压热法制备宜糖米 RS 条件,通过碘吸收曲线、红外光谱、平均聚合度、扫描电镜、性质检测分析形成机理。结果表明:最佳制备条件为淀粉质量分数31%、pH值5.8、压热时间50 min(压强0.1 MPa)、冷藏时间15 h,此时RS得率达到20.1%。特性分析表明,宜糖米RS主要是以短直链淀粉为主体,分子量分布比较集中,淀粉颗粒表面为多孔状的结构,使得持水力高于其他常见RS和膳食纤维。研究结果为RS的研究提供技术方法的参考,同时促进宜糖米资源的深度开发利用。 相似文献
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为探究再生季稻米蒸煮食味品质在不同生态区的差异,并从淀粉结构与性能角度揭示其差异机理,本试验以杂交稻甬优4149、晶两优1468为供试材料,按再生稻栽培模式分别种植于肇庆、长沙、信阳3个生态区,研究了再生季齐穗后温光条件对稻米蒸煮食味品质、RVA 谱特性及淀粉热性能和晶体结构的影响。结果表明,肇庆试验地区的再生季稻米蒸煮食味品质优于长沙、信阳,其直链淀粉含量适中,胶稠度长,糊化温度较低,总淀粉含量较高。再生季齐穗后温光条件与稻米胶稠度、糊化特性以及淀粉热性能和相对结晶度具有显著相关性。籽粒灌浆初中期的温度和光照对再生季稻米淀粉的糊化性能与热性能影响较大;淀粉的相对结晶度受中后期的日均温度影响最为显著。本研究将有助于绿色农业的可持续发展和优质稻米的生产。 相似文献
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水稻功米3号高抗性淀粉性状的遗传分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
抗性淀粉具有降低糖尿病患者饭后血糖值、减少肠机能失调及结肠癌发病率、提供能量以及防止脂肪堆积等重要生理功能。为了了解水稻(Oryza sativa L.)中抗性淀粉含量这一性状的遗传特点,本研究以高抗淀粉水稻品种籼稻(indica)功米3号和粳稻(japonica)日本晴的正、反交组合F1及其自交后代F2、F2∶3群体为研究材料,分别测定各单株的抗性淀粉含量以分析其遗传特点。结果显示,正、反交组合的F1抗性淀粉含量及淀粉颗粒形态均表现出与相应母本相似的遗传现象,但是正、反交组合F2的抗性淀粉含量没有显著差异,而且F2∶3发生性状分离,说明这一性状受母性效应的影响。通过对功米3号/日本晴F2∶3群体的群分离体混合分析,在1号和6号染色体上分别筛选出3对和6对可能与抗性淀粉含量位点连锁的微卫星标记;利用QTL(quantitative trait locus)作图软件检测到3个抗性淀粉含量QTL(qRS6-1、sqRS6-2和qRS6-3),均分布在6号染色体上,其中qRS6-2和qRS6-3可解释表型变异分别为20.36%和40.13%,同时检测到1号和6号染色体之间存在着1对上位性QTLs。以上结果说明,抗性淀粉含量这一性状是由少数主效基因和多个微效基因以及非等位基因间互作所控制的数量性状(QTL)。以上结果为高抗性淀粉水稻育种的母本选择提供了理论依据,为精确定位抗性淀粉含量相关的主效基因提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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高抗性淀粉水稻研究现状与展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着我国居民生活水平的提高,糖尿病、肥胖症、高血压和高血脂等代谢综合病症患者日益增多。而富含抗性淀粉(resistant starch,RS)的淀粉类食物有益于预防与控制人体代谢综合症的发生,且在维持肠道健康,如预防和控制结肠癌、大肠息肉及肠炎等方面具有潜在应用价值。稻米是我国约65%人口的主食,其75%的干物质是淀粉,普通水稻品种RS含量低于1%,富含RS的稻米具有与高RS功能食品相同的作用,因此开展高RS水稻品种的选育及高RS稻米产品的开发具有重要意义。本文从稻米RS的分类及影响RS含量的相关因素、水稻RS形成的分子遗传机制、国内外高RS水稻开发应用现状3个方面进行综述,并对高RS水稻开发应用前景进行了展望,以期为高RS水稻育种及高RS稻米产品开发提供参考。 相似文献
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摘要:储藏米的生理品质与食味品质变化程度对于消费者的认可度至关重要。本研究讨论了不同储藏温度对低直链淀粉品种米(Yumepirika)的储藏性和食味品质影响。稻谷具有比糙米更加优越的储藏性。在低温条件下储藏,稻谷脂肪酸含量增加2.9 mg,糙米脂肪酸含量增加15.8 mg,这表明低支链淀粉糙米应该在更低的温度下保存。食味试验表明室温条件下储藏的糙米具有最低黏度值和综合评价值。经过2 a的储藏期,超低温储藏和低温储藏能够保持米的活力和食味品质与基准米相似的水平。 相似文献
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为探究不同剂量电子束辐照预处理对辛烯基琥珀酸改性芋艿淀粉颗粒结构和功能特征的影响,本研究以奉化芋艿淀粉为材料,对其进行电子束辐照预处理,分析处理前后改性淀粉的颗粒结构、热力学性质、溶胀特性、消化性和乳化性。结果表明,电子束辐照预处理显著改变了辛烯基琥珀酸改性芋艿淀粉酯的理化与功能特性。随着辐照剂量从2 kGy逐步增加至50 kGy,辛烯基琥珀酸改性淀粉(OSTS)颗粒屑状点逐渐增多、表面形成的皱痕和突起加深,并出现颗粒破裂;快消化淀粉(RDS)含量和水溶性指数不断增加,结晶度、缓慢消化淀粉(SDS)、糊化峰值温度(Tp)不断下降;直链淀粉含量和溶胀力呈现先增加后减少的趋势,糊化焓、抗性淀粉、乳化稳定性和FTIR光谱中1 047 cm-1/1 022 cm-1 峰强度呈现先降低后升高的趋势。本研究为采用电子束辐照预处理技术改善辛烯基琥珀酸改性淀粉的功能特性提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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As ae mutant rice, such as EM10, lacks the starch branching enzyme IIb, its amylopectin contains more long-chain glucans than that of ordinary Indica and Japonica rice grains. Although boiled grains of ae rice cultivars are too hard and nonsticky for table rice, they are promising in terms of biofunctionality, such as prevention of diabetes. The present paper investigates the characterization of a novel group of four ae mutant rice cultivars (EM72, EM145, EM174, and EM189). They were subjected to the evaluation for their main chemical components, physical properties, and enzyme activities at different grain conditions (raw milled rice, roasted rice, boiled rice, and rice boiled after preroasting). These mutant rice grains are characterized by high apparent amylose, high protein and high glucose contents, high pasting temperature, high α-amylase activities, high resistant starch, and low degree of gelatinization. A novel method was developed to maintain the high resistant starch contents of gelatinized rice grains. Rice boild after preroasting showed a higher ratio of resistant starch and a lower amount of glucose than ordinary boiled rice. It became possible to produce high-quality and biofunctional pregelatinized rice flours by boiling with frozen fruits, such as tomatoes, after rice grains had been preroasted. These ae mutants were found to be suitable materials for rice/fruit or rice/vegetable products to serve as palatable, low-glucose, and high resistant starch rice products. 相似文献
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Starch retrogradation is the main cause of quality deterioration of starch-containing foods during storage. The current work investigated the effect of partial beta-amylolysis on the retrogradation of rice starch and the potential of beta-amylase in preparing rice products with extended shelf life. Isolated amylopectin, whole rice starch, and rice flour from a regular rice cultivar were partially hydrolyzed by either reagent-grade or food-grade beta-amylase. The degree of beta-amylolysis was expressed as average external chain length () for isolated amylopectin or the degree of hydrolysis (%) for other starch systems. Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance was used to monitor starch retrogradation during storage at 4 degrees C. The results indicated that partial beta-amylolysis using reagent-grade beta-amylase retarded amylopectin retrogradation by shortening the of amylopectin. When was below DP 11.6, the amylopectin retrogradation was essentially inhibited. Partial beta-amylolysis had a similar effect on the amylopectin retrogradation in the whole starch system. The maltose produced in beta-amylolysis might slightly attenuate the retrogradation-retarding effect of partial beta-amylolysis. The effect of food-grade beta-amylase on starch retrogradation was also evident, although less effective than that of reagent-grade beta-amylase. The retrogradation-retarding effect of food-grade beta-amylase was also demonstrated in rice flour system, indicating a potential method for controlling the starch retrogradation of rice products. 相似文献
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Comparative structure and physicochemical properties of Ilpumbyeo, a high-quality japonica rice, and its mutant, Suweon 464 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new rice mutant Suweon 464 (S-464) derived from a high-quality rice, Ilpumbyeo (IP), revealed a striking difference in cooking quality from IP. The physicochemical properties of S-464 and IP were compared. S-464 was unusually high in amylose and fiber contents, had B-type crystallinity of starch, and had a markedly lower proportion of short chains in the distribution of glucan-chain fractions of debranched starch as compared with IP. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that starch granules of S-464 were much smaller in size than those of IP and that many of them were not separated from amyloplasts. The physicochemical properties of S-464 would contribute to poor gelatinization, lower swelling power, higher hardness, and less stickiness when cooked. Although S-464 may not be desirable for cooked rice, the mutant could be an excellent candidate for other processed food products on the basis of its unusual properties of starch and high fiber, protein, and lipid contents. 相似文献
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Starch physicochemical properties and their associations with microsatellite alleles of starch-synthesizing genes in a rice RIL population 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bao J Jin L Xiao P Shen S Sun M Corke H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(5):1589-1594
The physicochemical properties of starch, such as apparent amylose content, gelatinization temperature, and pasting viscosities, determine the eating, cooking, and processing qualities of various products of rice. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the reciprocal cross of Lemont (a premium high-quality tropical japonica rice) and Jiayu 293 (a high-yield but low-quality indica rice) was used to test the association of microsatellite markers of starch-synthesizing genes with starch quality parameters. The results confirmed the association of Wx and starch synthase I (SSI) alleles with various starch properties measured in rice flour. However, the starch properties were not associated with the starch branching enzyme 1 (SBE 1) gene alleles. 相似文献