Infection of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) by Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi and its detection by quantitative real-time PCR

Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi is a pathogenic bacterium causing bleeding canker disease of horse chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum ). This is a serious disease which has been affecting horse chestnut in several European countries over the last five years; however, very little is known about the biology of the causal agent. One of the obstacles to studying this pathogen is the lengthy procedure associated with confirming its presence on the host. In this study, P. syringae pv. aesculi was isolated from lesions on different parts of horse chestnut and its pathogenicity confirmed on horse chestnut saplings using two inoculation techniques. Real-time PCR primers were developed based on gyrase B gene sequence data for the specific detection of P. syringae pv. aesculi . Primer specificity was tested on isolates of the target pathogen as well as on a broad range of related non-target bacteria and other bacterial spp. which inhabit horse chestnut. The real-time primers reliably amplified P. syringae pv. aesculi down to 1 pg of extracted DNA, with and without the presence of host DNA, and also amplified unextracted DNA in whole cells of the bacterium down to at least 160 colony forming units. Detection and quantification of the target pathogen in phloem and xylem of both naturally infected and inoculated horse chestnut tissues was also demonstrated. This quantitative real-time PCR assay provides the facility to study several important aspects of the biology of P. syringae pv. aesculi on horse chestnut including its potential for dissemination in different substrates.     

梅花鹿锯茸时出血特点及止血药物的研究

为达到更好的锯茸止血效果,对梅花鹿锯茸时出血特点及锯茸止血药物应用效果进行了观察:收取初角茸时呈渗出状出血;收取二杠茸时呈线状出血;收取三杈茸和畸型茸时呈喷射状出血,并且有节律地进行搏动。出血量随着鹿茸的产量和茸根围度的增加而增多,但是当收取茸根围度为(20.3±0.6)cm的畸型茸时却不存在这种明显的相关关系。同一茸型不同年龄的鹿,因茸重、茸根围度的不同出血亦有差别。根据鹿茸的组织结构、生长规律和梅花鹿生理特点,选用由中药组成的外用锯茸止血药方剂,通过锯茸止血试验,结果表明,该锯茸止血药无刺激性,止血快,抗感染能力强,创面愈合良好,对再生茸产量没有明显影响(P>0.05)。     

3种果树伤流液中氮素形态分析

以核桃、猕猴桃和葡萄为试材,分析和比较了3种果树伤流液中游离氨基酸、硝态氮和铵态氮的含量。结果表明,3种果树伤流液中氨基酸有1216种,各种氨基酸含量不同。春季,总氨基酸含量核桃最多,葡萄最少。猕猴桃伤流液中硝态氮含量较高,达205.252 mg·L-1,葡萄次之,而核桃伤流液中硝态氮含量很低,仅有0.495 mg·L-1 。3种果树伤流液中铵态氮含量很少,低于1.2 mg·L-1。西北林学院学报21卷第3期禹 婷等3种果树伤流液中氮素形态分析     

鹅枕静脉窦采血制备抗小鹅瘟血清的试验

对１７０只青年鹅进行了枕静脉窦采血试验，并检测了４次重复大量采血的血清抗体效价及重复采血对试验鹅健康的影响。结果如下：一个抗体效价高峰期内，枕静脉窦４次重复采血（隔日１次或每日１次）所获平均血量（２００ｍＬ）是宰杀采血量（１１０ｍＬ）的１．８倍，而获血清量则达２倍以上。所获血清的抗小鹅瘟病毒效价与宰杀采血的血清相当，对人工感染雏鹅的保护率达１００％。４次重复采血对试鹅健康无明显影响。结果表明，鹅枕     

葡萄伤流液中内生菌分离鉴定与抗病功能分析

为探究葡萄树液中内生菌的种类,对‘白罗莎里奥’葡萄伤流液中的内生菌进行分离纯化,得到4株普遍存在的有益菌株,根据形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列同源性对其进行鉴定,并针对葡萄灰霉病病原菌进行抑菌测试。结果表明,4种内生菌分别为粘红酵母菌、隐球菌、水拉恩式菌、变形斑沙雷菌;平板抑菌试验显示,隐球菌、水拉恩式菌、变形斑沙雷菌均对灰霉病菌有一定的拮抗作用。对葡萄果粒的病菌侵染试验表明,隐球菌、水拉恩式菌、变形斑沙雷菌均能使果粒失水速率降低、灰霉病病斑缩小,抗菌物质类黄酮、总酚以及SOD、CAT、POD、PPO活性升高,灰霉病抗病相关基因VvHSF和VvDR下调,VvPR17、VvDW、VvChi和VvWRKY上调,且上调程度与抗病能力呈正相关,进一步表明了隐球菌、水拉恩式菌、变形斑沙雷菌对灰霉病菌有一定的抑制作用,在葡萄灰霉病防治中具有良好的应用潜力。     

Basset Hound thrombopathia in a 4‐month‐old female Ba‐Shar (Sharp Asset)

A 3‐month‐old female Basset Hound‐Shar Pei mix puppy (Ba‐Shar or Sharp Asset) presented with oral bleeding due to a cracked molar. On physical exam, an aural hematoma was also noted that the owner indicated was chronic. The puppy was hospitalized for over 24 h until the bleeding was brought under control. At 4 months of age, the puppy again presented with oral bleeding due to loss of deciduous teeth and was hospitalized until bleeding was controlled. Coagulation screening tests, platelet numbers, and von Willebrand Factor antigen levels were within reference limits. Based on the presence of platelet‐type bleeding in the face of normal screening test results, samples were submitted for DNA testing for Basset Hound thrombopathia. The puppy tested as affected for the calcium and diacylglycerol regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor I (CalDAG‐GEFI) mutation causing this disorder. This is the first time thrombopathia has been diagnosed in a “designer” breed.     

Effect of Desmopresssin in Normal Dogs and Dogs with von Willebrand's Disease

Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP(R)), a synthetic analogue of vasopressin was slowly administered intravenously to 12 healthy dogs of various breeds and 10 Doberman Pinschers with mild-to-moderate type I von Willebrand's disease at a dose of 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 micro g/kg body weight. Plasma von Willebrand factor:antigen was measured by an electroimmunoassay prior to and 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after desmopressin infusion. Desmopressin induced only very modest and statistically insignificant increases in von Willebrand factor in both groups. We conclude that the response to desmopressin as measured by circulating von Willebrand factor is much less pronounced in healthy dogs and in Doberman Pinschers with von Willebrand's disease than in humans.     

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): Pathophysiology update and diagnostic dilemmas

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common autoimmune bleeding disorder. The understanding of ITP pathogenesis is rapidly evolving. We now recognize ITP as a complex and heterogeneous syndrome that results from a combination of humoral and cell‐mediated attacks on platelets peripherally and megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Autoantibody‐mediated ITP also varies in the pathway used to clear platelets, which depends on the platelet glycoprotein being targeted. Moreover, ITP patients present with variable bleeding severities and treatment responses that do not closely correlate with platelet count. A gold standard diagnostic test for ITP is lacking, and biomarkers to assess disease severity are in their infancy. This review provides an update on the immunopathogenesis of ITP and summarizes currently available tests for ITP diagnosis, prediction of disease severity, and treatment responses. Given the heterogeneous pathogenesis and clinical presentation of ITP, we highlight the need for the development of diagnostic and prognostic tests that would allow for the individualized management of a complex disease.