Induction and inheritance of determinate growth habit in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Summary The character of determinate plant growth has not been reported for chickpea and has not been observed in the world germplasm collection at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. A determinate growth habit would be desirable where growing conditions often lead to excessive vegetative growth. We attempted to generate this trait by mutation breeding. Seeds of the cultivar ICCV 6 were exposed to varying irradiation treatments, M₁ and M₂ populations were raised, and in the latter one plant was detected that showed the determinate growth habit and female sterility. The character of determinate growth segregated in a postulated digenic epistatic 3:13 fashion in the F₂ and confirmed its digenic mode of inheritance in the F₃ and F₄. The symbol cd is proposed for the allele conditioning for determinancy and Dt for the allele expressing the determinate trait. Continued mutation breeding with this and other material may result in identifying fully fertile, determinate plant types.Abbreviations DT - determinate - IDT - indeterminate ICRISAT Journal Article No. 1396.     

Wide mapping of a T-DNA insertion site in oilseed rape using bulk segregant analysis and comparative mapping

Doubled haploid oilseed rape lines segregating for a transgene inducing herbicide resistance (bar gene) were investigated for the wide mapping of the T-DNA insertion site. Bulk segregant analysis using presence/absence and intensity polymorphisms between the bulks, as well as comparative mapping with a linkage group deriving from another cross, led to the identification of 11 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers tightly or loosely linked to the bar gene. Ten RAPD loci out of 11 were located on the same side of the bar locus, strongly suggesting that the T-DNA integrated in a telomeric or subtelomeric position. The eleventh RAPD marker exhibited a strong segregation distortion, which could be the result of a heteroduplex formation. Comparison of the linkage groups obtained from the two crosses showed different recombination rates between markers, possibly reflecting differences in parental genetic backgrounds. Consequences and potential applications in transgene dispersal safety assessment studies are discussed.     

Mutation breeding of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. using in vivo and in vitro adventitious bud techniques

Summary During experiments, which are being carried out to study the factors which control the process of adventitious bud formation in vivo on detached leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram, adventitious shoots were produced from leaves, irradiated with 500 rad of X-rays. The most important but disadvantageous result was that the majority of the adventitious shoots proved to be of a chimeral nature and obviously developed from more than one cell.An in vitro adventitious bud technique was developed using different types of explants. Pedicel segments regenerated the highest number of adventitious shoots and, moreover, they developed faster as compared to explants of young flower heads or leaves. The mutants produced by irradiating the various explants were almost exclusively of a solid (non-chimeral) nature. In addition, histological observations suggest that single epidermal cells are involved in the initiation of the adventitious shoot apices.The optimum dose for mutant production is approximately 800 rad X-rays. Rather often, more than one phenotypically identical mutant was found, which was always derived from the same explant. They could for instance originate from a multi-apical meristem formed by a single mutated cell.     

玉米自交系辐照效应的研究

用 2 0 0Gy6 0 Coγ射线辐照玉米自交系黄早四干种子 ,引起玉米自交系各性状的较大变异。M1表现出明显的辐射生理损伤效应 ,M2 、M3的质量性状未发现有明显的变异 ,但生育期、株高、穗位高、穗长等数量性状出现较高的突变频率 ;M3开始出现黄、白化苗、矮生株等隐性突变和雄性不育株 ,同时在粒色上也产生了有明显变异的个体。再次证明异花授粉作物的辐射诱发突变导致M2 形成杂合的植株 ,而诱发突变大多为隐性的 ,需在M3纯合后才表现出来 ,M4 代测交种试验结果表明 ,自交系经辐照后 ,有选择出高配合力个体的可能。     

玉米颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶(GBSS )基因cDNA的克隆及植物表达载体的构建

根据已发表的玉米颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶GBSS（granule-bound starch synthase）基因序列,设计两对引物,其中一对为定点突变的过度引物。从授粉后15d的玉米胚乳中提取总RNA,以反转录合成的cDNA第一链为模板,首次用定点突变、RT-PCR、融合PCR的方法克隆了GBSS 基因的全长cDNA（1818bp）片段。序列测定表明,该片段与文献报道的序列具有99.72％的同源性。并构建了以胚乳特异表达性的Gt1为启动子,以NOS-ter为终止子的植物表达载体pBI-Gt1-GBSS,其含有NPT‖选择标记基因。以期实现特定时期GBSS基因在玉米胚乳中的大量表达。     

籼稻巨胚不育系龙特浦geA的选育

通过辐射诱变获得籼稻保持系龙特浦B巨胚隐性单基因突变体 (龙特浦geB) ,为龙特浦B的巨胚同型系 ,主要农艺性状无明显差异 ,但绝对胚重和相对胚重分别由原龙特浦B的 0 63mg和 2 78%提高到 1 1 5mg和 6 0 7% ,从而糙米粗脂肪含量由 2 50 %提高到 5 0 6% ,蛋白质由 9 0 0 %提高到 9 60 % ,各种氨基酸含量的相对值也相应提高 5 45%～ 3 0 3 6% ;用龙特浦geB回交龙特浦A育成巨胚不育系龙特浦geA ,其与龙特浦A的主要农艺性状、雄性育性特征及构成产量配合力无明显差异。     

闽引圆叶决明辐射变异后代新品系(86134-32-3)的若干特性

从60Coγ射线辐射闽引圆叶决明86134牧草种子种植后代中筛选出性状稳定的优良变异后代新品系86134-32-3。M4代田间小区品比试验表明,与原品种86134相比,新品系植株叶子生长数、干物质含量、粗脂肪含量、氨基酸总量和单位产量都有大幅度的提高,达到显著或极显著水平;其植株茎叶比大幅度下降。新品系植株的其余营养成分、包括生殖生长期在内的农艺性状均保持原品种特性。     

观赏植物诱变育种的研究现状和展望

本文综述了观赏植物辐射诱变育种的研究现状,并对花卉辐照诱变的手段、方法、处理材料和适宜辐照剂量、辐照机理与方法及应用作了总结,同时对观赏植物辐射诱变育种存在的问题及发展方向进行了探讨。     

酥醪菜、福田菜心、耙齿萝卜的航天诱变育种研究初报

经“神舟 4号”搭载的罗浮山酥醪菜、福田菜心和耙齿萝卜种子在田间种植试验结果表明 :其SP1、SP2 代均表现一定数量的变异 ,通过进一步的筛选有望选出优良的新品种。     

竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌处理间甲酚废水的研究

用紫外光对假单胞菌株进行诱变,以竹炭为载体,将紫外诱变假单胞菌固定在竹炭上,用竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌处理间甲酚水样。考察竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌投加量和水样pH值对间甲酚去除的影响以及进水浓度随反应时间的变化关系,研究竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌去除间甲酚的反应动力学。结果表明:相对于原菌株,菌株经紫外诱变后,生长周期缩短了6h。经紫外照射120s的假单胞菌可以在竹炭表面及内部孔隙形成明显菌胶团,诱变菌在竹炭上所成的生物量明显较未经诱变菌增加。竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌能有效地去除水样中间甲酚。竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌投加量和水样pH值影响到间甲酚的去除效果,pH值在4～6时,间甲酚的去除效果较好。20g竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌处理100mL初始浓度50,100,120,150,180mg·L-1间甲酚模拟水样42h,去除率依次为90.9%,76.4%,72.9%,64.6%和49.7%。竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌对间甲酚的去除能较好地符合零级反应方程。