红菇子实体多糖的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

通过正交实验法优化了红菇子实体多糖热水浸提法的条件为水料比30,浸提温度60℃,浸提时间3h.在此提取条件下,提取率为4.33％.粗多糖经过DEAE-纤维素阴离子交换柱层析得到D1、D2、D3和D4四个组分.研究了红菇粗多糖及其各组分的还原能力、对·OH的清除作用以及清除NO2-的作用,以此来评价该多糖的抗氧化活性.结果表明,红菇多糖具有一定的还原力,对·OH具有明显的清除作用,在体外模拟胃液条件下对NO2-有一定的清除作用.     

猴头菌提取物抗氧化活性研究

分别采用还原力测定法、Fenton法、2,2-二苯基-1-苦肼基(DPPH)分析法和改良邻苯三酚自氧化法,对猴头菌子实体水提物和醇提物的总还原力,清除.OH、DPPH.和O2-.自由基的能力进行测定。结果表明:醇提物还原力较强,且还原力大小与浓度成正比;猴头菌水提物和醇提物均有清除.OH、DPPH.和O2-.自由基的能力,且水提物的效果比醇提物好;水提物和醇提物对.OH、DPPH.和O2-.的清除能力依次为DPPH.、.OH和O2-.,并且在一定浓度范围内,清除率与浓度成正比。     

紫外光下毛竹颗粒的自由基与延迟发光

利用ESR电子自旋共振波谱仪和BPCL生物弱光探测仪分别测量紫外光辐照后毛竹颗粒的自由基波谱和延迟发光的光谱。经测试,毛竹自由基的光谱分裂因子g=2.0033,自由基的强度随着辐照时间按Y=1-e-αiPt规律增加;毛竹延迟发光的衰减规律通过计算机软件拟合筛选出最理想的数学公式I(t)=(A+Bt)-2,并对各动力学参数的物理意义进行深入探讨,为实现竹粉接枝共聚反应的自动控制探索了理论基础。     

唇形科植物提取物对单胃动物的抗氧化作用及其机制

动物在患病、应激或特殊生理条件下,机体内会大量产生自由基,自由基与机体内的脂质、ＤＮＡ等产生反应,可对动物造成氧化损伤。唇形科植物提取物中的抗氧化物主要活性成分是酚类化合物,它和抗坏血酸及类胡萝卜素能够阻止自由基引发的氧化伤害。本文阐述了唇形科植物提取物对猪、鸡体外和体内抗氧化作用的实例与抗氧化功能,分析了其抗氧化作用机制。     

Effects of five oleanolic acid triterpenoid saponins from the rhizome of Anemone raddeana on stimulus-induced superoxide generation, phosphorylation of proteins and translocation of cytosolic compounds to cell membrane in human neutrophils

Five oleanolic acid triterpenoid saponins (OTS-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) were isolated from the rhizome of Anemone raddeana. The effect of these triterpenoid saponins on stimulus-induced superoxide generation in human neutrophils was assayed by measuring the reduction of ferricytochrome c using a dual-beam spectrophotometer. The phosphorylation of neutrophil proteins, and translocation of p67(phox), p47(phox) and Rac to plasma membrane were investigated using specific monoclonal antibodies. The five oleanolic acid triterpenoid saponins used in this experiment suppressed N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner. OTS-1, 2 and 4 suppressed phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner, but OTS-3 and 5 showed no effect. fMLP- and PMA-induced tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation, and fMLP-, PMA- and AA-induced translocation of p67(phox), p47(phox) and Rac to plasma membrane were in parallel with the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation.     

Effects of stress on endocrine and metabolic processes and redirection: cross talk between subcellular compartments

Recent advances in genome analysis and biochemical pathway mapping have advanced our understanding of how biological systems have evolved over time. Protein and DNA marker comparisons suggest that several of these systems are both ancient in origin but highly conserved into today's evolved species. However, remnants of some of the more ancient functions of these chemical systems can run in conflict with the functions that those same pathways serve in complex organisms and tissue systems today. Relevant to the present topic, nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O₂^•−), ancient cellular molecules in evolutionary terms, are recognized today as both necessary for the well-being and stable health of cells but also injurious to cells as elaborated in conjunction with the cellular stress response. Why the dichotomy? This question underlies one of the basic issues challenging researchers as well as practitioners in their approach to disease management. The fundamental proinflammatory response of the innate immune system of the host is needed for pathogen control but can be injurious to tissues from “collateral damage” from NO- and O₂^•−-derived reactive molecules capable of affecting protein function via post-translational chemical modification. This review highlights newer aspects of the biochemistry of the NO- and O₂^•−-mediated innate proinflammatory response and further show how protein and tissue damage via overproduction of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediary molecules such as peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) might be targeted to specific epitopes of proteins. Changes in the regulation of metabolism in response to proinflammatory disease states are discussed for GH signal transduction and tissue specificity.     

New icetexane diterpenes with intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory and free-radical scavenging activity isolated from Premna tomentosa roots

New icetexane diterpenes (1-2); 8, 11, 13-icetexatriene-10-hydroxy, 11, 12, 16-tri acetoxyl (1) and 8, 11, 13-icetexatriene-7, 10, 11-dihydroxy-12, 13-dihydrofuran (2) along with six known compounds namely acetoxy syranzaldehyde (3), syranzaldehyde (4), coniferaldehyde (5), lupeol (6), betulin (7), and 4-(4-methoxy phenyl)-2-butanone (8) were isolated from the roots of Premna tomentosa. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established by detailed spectral analysis using UV, IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, 1D, 2D and Mass. The newly isolated compounds were screened for rat intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory and free radical (DPPH) scavenging potentiality. The new icetexane diterpenes (1, 2) and compound 3 were found to have significant α-glucosidase inhibitory and also free radical scavenging (DPPH) activities.     

鹿皮蝇蛆对驯鹿抗氧化能力的影响

为了探讨驯鹿鹿皮蝇蛆对驯鹿机体氧化应激的影响,分别对鹿皮蝇蛆感染组和未感染组驯鹿血清中的总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、一氧化氮(NO)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)、羟自由基(.OH)及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)进行测定。结果表明鹿皮蝇蛆感染组血清中T-SOD、T-AOC活性、抑制.OH能力及NO含量极显著低于未感染组(P<0.01),血清中GSH-Px活性显著低于未感染组(P<0.05);血清中MDA含量极显著高于未感染组(P<0.01)。说明驯鹿感染鹿皮蝇蛆后,机体清除自由基能力降低,自由基在机体内大量蓄积,导致机体产生氧化应激反应。     

茶多酚体外氧化产物颜色稳定性及对PC-3细胞生长的影响

以红茶中提取的茶黄素粗提物、绿茶多酚为对照,利用紫外扫描技术、UV-Vis法及MTT法研究了绿茶多酚纳米固定化多酚氧化酶体外氧化产物的颜色稳定性、自由基清除能力和对前列腺癌细胞PC-3生长的抑制作用。在不同pH值条件下,茶黄素粗提物和绿茶多酚纳米固定化酶体外氧化产物的紫外吸收光谱的变化趋势相似,碱性增加,吸光度增加;绿茶多酚、茶黄素粗提物及绿茶多酚纳米固定化酶体外氧化产物对DPPH·自由基均有明显清除作用,绿茶多酚纳米固定化酶体外氧化产物清除效果较绿茶多酚和茶黄素粗提物强;茶黄素粗提物及绿茶多酚纳米固定化酶体外氧化产物对PC-3细胞的生长都有抑制作用,绿茶多酚纳米固定化酶体外氧化产物优于茶黄素粗提物。因此,绿茶多酚纳米碳酸钙固定化酶体外氧化产物中茶黄素保持了红茶中茶黄素所具有的良好生物学活性。     

体外化学模拟系统中鬼臼多糖抗氧化作用的研究

应用体外化学模拟系统,探讨了鬼臼多糖体外抗氧化作用,观察了鬼臼多糖对羟自由基(OH·)的清除,联苯三酚自氧化的抑制及对小鼠脾细胞产生H2 O2 清除等作用结果表明,鬼臼多糖能清除Fenton反应产生的OH·,抑制联苯三酚自氧化,并能清除经酵母多糖诱生脾细胞产生的H2O2,提示鬼臼多糖在体外具有一定的抗氧化作用。