温度湿度及种球茎大小对花魔芋有性繁殖的影响

有性繁殖是促进魔芋种植业发展和品种改良的有效途径，引起了极大的兴趣。本文研究117个花魔芋（Amorphophallus konjac K. Coch)单株花粉成熟后连续5d的温度、湿度以及花芽种球茎对其有性繁殖的影响，结果表明：授粉期间的温度和湿度对其自花授粉结实影响大，结实株花粉成熟后连续5d的平均温度和湿度分别为24℃和64%，均显著高于不实株，高温高湿有利于散粉和花粉的萌发从而完成受精；花芽种球茎大小对有性繁殖也有影响，结实株平均种球茎重显著高于不实株，且与单株结实浆果数呈极显著的正相关（r=0.6096, N=29），因此，宜选用花芽球茎大的用于魔芋有性繁殖。     

抗除草剂转基因油菜向杂草诸葛菜的潜在基因漂移

以抗除草剂草甘膦和草丁膦转基因油菜为父本 ,诸葛菜为母本 ,在人工授粉条件下研究抗性基因向诸葛菜的潜在基因漂移。采用荧光显微镜观察转基因油菜花粉在诸葛菜柱头上的萌发生长情况 ,并与诸葛菜自花授粉的情况进行比较。结果显示 2种转基因油菜花粉在诸葛菜柱头上的萌发生长情况类似。花粉粘合的数量比自交时显著减少 ,出现粘合延迟现象 ;花粉在柱头上不能正常萌发生长 ,有的呈现明显的畸形 ,花粉管不能穿过乳突细胞 ,更不能进入花柱和胚囊发生受精 ,这些结果表明两者的亲和性较差。授转基因油菜的花粉后诸葛菜不能结实也进一步证明了两者的亲和性较差。上述结果表明抗除草剂转基因油菜的抗性基因向诸葛菜漂移的可能性较小。     

出雏不同时间雏鸡性比例变化规律的研究

本试验研究了出雏不同时间雏鸡性比例的变化规律。结果表明,出雏的不同时间,雏鸡性比例存在显著(P<0.05)、极显著(P<0.01)的差异,并呈现明显的规律性。20天时,母鸡最多,公母比值为0.350±0.030。至21天3小时,公鸡最多,公母比值为1.792±0.080。扫盘出雏结束时,公母比值为1.330±0.050。     

用荧光显微镜技术观察药用野生稻(Oryza officinalis Wall)和转基因水稻的不亲和性

 采用荧光显微镜技术观察转基因水稻花粉在药用野生稻柱头上的萌发及在花柱内的生长过程,以明确两者之间不亲和性发生的阶段,为判断其能否发生基因漂流提供依据。结果表明,两种转基因栽培稻(Y003和99t)的花粉在药用野生稻柱头上的萌发率均比药用野生稻自花授粉的低,花粉管在花柱中的生长速度较慢,且分别在到达花柱中部(Y003)或花柱基部(99t)时停止生长,顶端异常膨大,杂交子房逐渐萎缩,结实率为0。药用野生稻与栽培稻杂交不亲和的原因是花粉管在花柱中停止生长、不能进入胚囊完成受精,在自然条件下转基因栽培稻中的外源基因     

毛管逆滤渗污水净化反应器原理研究及室内试验验证

污水回用是解决城市缺水问题的一条有效途径。该文提出了一种新方法，尝试利用多孔介质毛细管作用过滤生活污水。制造了4个毛管逆滤渗污水净化器，采用普通河砂作为过滤介质进行了室内试验。试验采用两个因素：水势差、滤池内外径比。水势差选取4个水平：0.11、0.26、0.41、0.56 m，外层与内层水池直径比选取3个水平：14/6、12/6、10/6，以研究利用毛细管作用净化污水的可行性，并定量确定水势差及内外层水池的相对大小对该系统运行效果的影响。用反应器去除污水COD的多少来评价过滤效果。结果表明，过滤速度及净化效果与水势差之间呈极显著的对数相关关系，两者都随着水势差的增大而提高。当水势差为0.56 m时，COD的去除率可高达80%左右，过滤速度可以高达0.15 m/h。外层与内层水池的直径比(D/d)越大滤速越小,但该比值对COD的去除率无明显影响。该装置在运行过程中，污水被过滤介质所覆盖，有效地避免了污水的刺激性气味和蚊蝇孳生对周边环境的影响。     

Sex differences in population genetics, home range size and habitat use of the parti-colored bat (Vespertilio murinus, Linnaeus 1758) in Switzerland and their consequences for conservation

When habitats are declining, niche segregation by demographic groups, such as the two sexes, can have a profound impact on the extinction risk of a species as a whole. Thus, differences in the requirements of demographic groups are of importance in conservation. We combined behavioural and genetic data to investigate whether the sexually segregated parti-colored bat (Vespertilio murinus) exhibits sex-specific niche partitioning. We use our data to evaluate implications for conservation of this potentially vulnerable species in Switzerland, the western boundary of its range. Using radio-telemetry, we found sex-specific differences in habitat use. Foraging females strongly relied on lakes while foraging males displayed more flexibility in their habitat use. Moreover, males covered significantly larger foraging areas than females. Sequencing 341 base pairs of the mitochondrial D-loop of 247 individuals revealed sex-specific differences in the genetic structure of colonies, but no such difference was observed for three nuclear micro-satellite markers. We found high mtDNA diversity in two Swiss male colonies and one German female colony, but low mtDNA diversity in two Swiss female colonies. Our genetic data suggest that considerable gene flow occurs via male dispersal and mating. At the same time immigration of females into the existing female colonies in Switzerland is rare compared to the immigration of new males into male colonies. Since we found the sexes in Vespertilio murinus to differ markedly in their ecology, population genetics, and behaviour, we conclude that sex-specific conservation plans are required to protect this species efficiently.     

激素和多胺对苦瓜性别分化的影响

研究了ＧＡ３（赤霉素）和ＣＣＣ（矮壮素）处理下株洲长白苦瓜植株，从苗龄８～７０天茎尖内源激素的变化。结果表明，第一雌花形成与茎尖内源ＧＡ３含量增高有关。开花盛期，茎尖内源ＩＡＡ含量下降越小，ＺＴ含量下降越大，植株的雌花数和♀／♂越大。分析表明，雌、雄花中内源多胺（ｃａｄ）含量都明显高于无性组织，可能与性别分化有关，内源亚精胺（ｓｐｄ）含量变化可能与雌花的发生和发育有关，内源腐胺（ｐｕｔ）含量的上升可能与雄花的分化有关     

毛叶秋海棠的杂交遗传特性

 采用毛叶秋海棠与云南野生秋海棠, 以及国外毛叶秋海棠的园艺品种进行正反交试验, 观测各杂交F1 代群体叶片斑纹、茎的类型、植株抗寒能力等主要性状的表现及其遗传特性; 通过F1 代自交, 对F2 代群体叶片斑纹的观测统计, 研究银绿斑性状的分离规律。试验结果表明: 毛叶秋海棠银绿斑与无斑是一对相对性状, 银绿斑对无斑是显性, 无斑对银绿斑是隐性, 其遗传杂交符合孟德尔的分离规律; B . rex ×B . longialata F1 代植株银绿斑性状的持续表现受光照强度的影响较大, 生长2 年后需要增加约2000 lx 的光照才能保持原有的银绿斑色彩; 毛叶秋海棠根状茎性状的遗传特性极为稳定, 遗传保持率90 %; 杂交F1 代在抗寒性方面表现了明显的杂种优势。     

反亲和层析法纯化PMSG的试验研究

按PMSG粗品提取方法,从非孕马血清中获得“杂蛋白”提取物。以此“杂蛋白”为抗原制备兔抗“杂蛋白”抗血清,并从中提取IgG,制备多元性抗体免疫吸附柱,然后将PMSG粗品通过此柱,免疫吸附除去其中的杂蛋白,以提高PMSG的纯度和比活性。试验结果,杂蛋白除去率为61.4～70％,PMSG活性回收率为74～89％;PMSG比活性由原来的267IU/mg提高到630IU/mg,纯度提高约2.3倍;通过反亲和层析法部分纯化的PMSG,经电泳分析,主要为α—G部分,兼有少量其他血清杂蛋白。     

Sexual mating preferences in vitro and in planta among Japanese isolates of Phytophthora infestans

The sexual preferences of Japanese isolates of Phytophthora infestans were determined by mating on agar, in broth, or in plants. The influence of their sexual preference was confirmed in the host tissues. Three wild-type isolates and a -glucuronidase (GUS) transformant were co-cultured to identify the origin of antheridia and oogonia. Japanese A1 isolate had a unique sexual preference compared with foreign isolates. It produced self-fertile oospores with about 40% of total gametangia but tended to form antheridia on V-8 agar medium. In addition, oospores were formed in plants, but their sexual preference could not be reflected in vitro.