针阔混交防护林可持续经营技术研究

系统分析了浙江省建德市新安江林场针阔混交林的主要森林类型及其发生、发展和演替规律。根据当前防护林经营中存在的问题,按照可持续经营的原则,提出了马尾松阔叶树混交林的择伐经营模型。现实森林类型在如何实现择伐经营,发挥防护林的综合效益方面,文章论证了防护林经营技术上所涉及的森林作业和森林经理方法。     

稻田养鱼技术初探

本文全面介绍了稻田养鱼新田间建设模式方法、回形生态鱼塘的开挖方法及鱼、稻养种方法。具有投入少、成本低,见效快,效益高的特点。     

Growth and mortality of the narrowbarred Spanish Mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède), in Omani waters

Length composition data from quarterly catches of Omani narrowband Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède), landed between 1987 and 1995 were used to estimate the growth, mortality and exploitation parameters of the stock. Non-linear least square fitting provided a complete set of von Bertalanffy growth estimates: L _∞ = 173.6 cm fork length; K  = 0.28; and t ₀ = −0.86 years. There were no seasonal differences among the growth estimates. The instantaneous natural mortalities determined by three independent methods based on life-history parameters were 0.35, 0.64 and 0.77. Seasonal total mortalities were calculated by the length converted catch curve method for evaluating seasonal exploitation ratios ( E ). The E -values exceeded 0.4, indicating overexploitation during almost all the seasons studied. This was supported by the large reduction in the total landings of S . commerson from 27 762 t in 1988 to 3265 t in 1993.     

Cage culture of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) at different stocking densities in a shallow eutrophic lake

Postlarvae of Litopenaeus vannamei were acclimated and stocked in lake-based cages at the following stocking densities: 10, 20, 30 and 40 shrimp m⁻². Another set of shrimp was stocked in concrete tanks as reference samples at 30 shrimp m⁻². Significant differences were observed among stocking densities throughout the 95-day culture. The final weight at harvest decreased with increasing stocking density: mean weights of 23.3, 15.8, 13.0, 10.9 and 14.6 g for the 10, 20, 30, 40 shrimp m⁻² and reference tanks were observed respectively. There were no significant differences in survival throughout the culture period, ranging between 69% and 77%. Daily growth rates (range: 0.11–0.24 g day⁻¹) and specific growth rates (range: 3.54–4.34%) also differed significantly among stocking densities, both increasing with decreasing stocking density. The feed conversion ratio in the cages did not differ among the stocking densities, ranging from 1.53 to 1.65. The relationship between stocking density and mean individual weight at harvest followed the equation y =81.06 x ^−0.54 ( R ²=0.938) and that of stocking density and production (in g m⁻²) is y =58.01 x ^−0.46 ( R ²=0.834).     

光照对曼氏无针乌贼行为习性的影响

设置了3个光照强度梯度和红、白、橙、绿、蓝5个光照颜色,研究光照对曼氏无针乌贼行为习性的影响。试验结果表明:曼氏无针乌贼对光色和光强都有反应,而且表现出正趋性;对于同一光强下的红、白、橙、绿4种光照颜色来说,曼氏无针乌贼较喜欢红光和绿光。     

Dietary organic acids blend alone or in combination with an essential oil on the survival,growth, gut/liver structure and de hemato‐immunological in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of organic acids blend (OAB) alone or in combination with essential oil, Lippia origanoides (OAE) for Nile tilapia fed supplemented diets for 30 days. Fish (1.1 ± 0.04 g) were fed control (Control), or OAB 0.5% or OAB 0.5% + essential oil 0.125% (OAE) respectively. At the end of the experiment, samples were collected for de hemato‐immunological, histological analysis of the intestine and liver, as well as microbiology of the intestine. The pH of the diets supplemented with OAB and OAE reduced 0.92 and 0.19 respectively. The growth and FCR were unaffected by the treatments, but survival was significantly higher in the OAB treatment. Fish fed the OAB diet showed reduced concentration of total heterotrophic bacteria and Pseudomonas sp. in the intestine. Increased glucose in fish fed OAB and high number of circulating monocytes in fish fed OAE diet were observed. The anterior intestine of fish fed OAE diet showed larger number of goblet cells and increased villi height. The diet supplemented with OAB, mainly, improved the intestinal health and survival of tilapia juveniles and can be used in juvenile production.     

铁皮石斛复合饮料的研制

以铁皮石斛鲜条为主料,枳椇、葛根、枸杞等为辅料,通过单因素和正交试验筛选铁皮石斛复合饮料的配方,并对复合饮料的多糖、氨基酸及矿质元素含量进行测定。结果表明,铁皮石斛复合饮料的最佳配方为:每400 m L铁皮石斛提取液,添加枳椇提取液20 m L、葛根提取液20 m L、枸杞提取液30 m L、白砂糖70 g·L-1、柠檬酸0.3 g·L-1、黄原胶0.02 g·L-1,在25 MPa压力条件下先后均质2次,8 min/次,蒸汽杀菌20 min。制得的复合饮料多糖含量达3 770 mg·L-1,氨基酸总含量达384.39 mg·L-1,矿质元素总含量达184.93 mg·L-1,色泽呈青绿色,具有铁皮石斛和枳椇的清香,口感顺滑细腻,是一款风味独特、成分丰富的新型复合饮料。     

河滨带生态恢复研究进展

河滨带是重要的水陆交错区,具有一系列独特的性质和生态服务功能。由于自然环境变化以及人类的过度开发,全球范围内河滨带受到严重破坏。鉴于其在河流保护与生态服务等方面的重要作用,近几十年来得到广泛关注,也取得了一些研究成果。文中介绍了河岸湿地的定义及其退化状况,并从恢复物种多样性、改善土壤状况、水文恢复3个方面综述了国内外河滨带生态恢复研究进展,在此基础上分析现今研究存在的问题,并对未来发展趋势进行展望。     

Replacement of de‐oiled rice bran by soaked and fermented sweet potato leaf meal: Effect on growth performance,body composition and expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 in Labeo rohita (Hamilton), fingerlings

A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to determine the growth performance and expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 gene (IGF‐I gene) in Labeo rohita fingerlings fed with either raw, soaked or fermented sweet potato leaf meal (SPLM) by completely replacing de‐oiled rice bran (DORB), following a completely randomized design. Seven isonitrogenous (30%) and isocaloric (1.8 MJ/100 g) diets were prepared by replacing DORB with 50% and 100% raw, soaked and fermented sweet potato leaf meal, maintaining DORB‐containing diets as a control. Weight gain %, SGR (specific growth rate) and PER (protein efficiency ratio) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher when 100% DORB was replaced by fermented SPLM in comparison to other treatment groups. The fermented and soaked SPLM‐fed groups had registered with lower FCR value. The expression of growth regulating gene IGF‐I mRNA and RNA/DNA ratio was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in soaked and fermented SPLM‐fed groups. In this study, the body protein and lipid composition did not vary significantly (p > 0.05). Hence, the study concludes that the fermented sweet potato leaf meal using Chaetomium globosum can replace 100% DORB in the diet of Labeo rohita without any detrimental effect on growth performance.