千岛湖库区消落带植被重建生态服务价值评价

消落带植被重建是生态修复的重要课题。以2014—2018年千岛湖区消落带43.68 hm~2林地为对象,根据国家林业局LY/T1721-2008《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》,选取涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳释氧、净化大气环境和生物多样性保护等5项生态功能进行生态服务价值的评价。结果表明,千岛湖库区消落带平均每年可新增生态服务价值1 387.6万元,消落带植被恢复与重建的生态效益显著。     

西河国家湿地公园生态恢复措施探析

近年来,我国不断推进生态保护战略,西河湿地公园是云南省曲靖市沾益区珠江源生态屏障植被恢复生态治理项目的重要组成部分,对曲靖及整个珠江源生态状况具有重要作用。从西河湿地公园的具体情况出发,探讨了西河湿地生态恢复的原则、目标及意义,并提出了生态植被恢复、水体治理、水岸恢复、栖息地恢复等针对性恢复措施,为西河湿地公园及其他地区的湿地公园生态建设与修复提供参考和启示。     

河南省重要湿地生态状况评价

以河南省第二次湿地资源调查为基础,综合利用反映湿地生态状况的自然湿地面积、生物多样性、水环境,及湿地利用和受威胁状况等方面的调查数据,建立湿地生态状况综合评价指标体系,采用层次分析方法(AHP)和德尔菲法,对河南省39个重要湿地的生态状况进行评价。结果表明:生态状况较好的湿地仅占评价湿地面积的2.00%,生态状况中等的湿地占72.63%,生态状况较差的湿地占25.37%。许多重要湿地仍然面临诸多威胁,亟待采取抢救性保护恢复措施。     

生态脆弱带旅游规划问题——以沙坡头、大青沟、孙家店为例

文章以宁夏沙坡头沙地公园、内蒙古大青沟自然保护区和辽宁省康平县孙家林场为例,论述了"三北"生态脆弱带的生态状况和开发旅游区对生态的影响,并针对在生态脆弱带地区开展旅游的前期可行性研究和科学规划的重要作用,文中提出保护优先的原则,规划措施和方法。     

云南普洱五湖国家湿地公园生态服务功能价值评价

云南普洱五湖国家湿地公园地处湄公河上游的澜沧江中段,是我国两屏三带生态安全战略格局中川滇生态屏障的重要组成部分,对流域生态安全与社会可持续发展提供重要的生态系统服务功能。按照千年生态系统评估报告的服务分类从支持、供给、调节和文化四个方面分析了普洱五湖湿地的生态服务功能。据估算,其生态系统服务功能价值为8402.64万元/年。     

内蒙古绰源林业局森林经营方案实施效果及评价

文章对内蒙古绰源林业局森林资源状况、生态服务功能、生物多样性状况、森林资源健康与活力方面进行了分析,并对森林可持续经营取得的成就进行了评价。     

甘肃马鬃山地区梭梭林分布特征及植被恢复技术初探

从甘肃马鬃山地区自然、地理、气候、水文、土壤等方面概述了植被分布环境,分析了马鬃山地区植被种类及分布状况,重点对马鬃山地区天然梭梭林资源状况、分布面积和特点进行了综述,提出了该地区植被恢复基本原则、植被恢复技术、具体封育措施,这对马鬃山及西北地区天然梭梭林繁衍恢复,发挥其防风固沙和保护生态功能有重要意义。     

汉丰湖消落带湿地植物景观设计研究

重庆汉丰湖消落带周期性淹没与出露形成水生和陆生干湿交替的过渡区域,对生态涵养、水库水质、人文活动、城市融合起着非常重要的作用。因此,汉丰湖消落带植物景观设计是汉丰湖恢复重建方案设计的重中之重。以开县汉丰湖内湖消落带植物景观设计为例,分析汉丰湖消落带现有生态与人文景观特征,探讨汉丰湖消落带湿地植物景观设计原则和目标,探寻在生态景观环境、活动性景观、城市与生态共融景观营造等方面植物景观设计方法。     

浅谈城市湿地生态功能退化的原因及其恢复与保护

湿地在调节全球气候和维持区域生态平衡以及提供野生动植物的栖息地方面具有重要作用。城市湿地是城市重要的生态基础设施,是城市可持续发展依赖的重要自然系统,具有众多的生态及社会服务功能。本文阐述了城市湿地生态系统的特点,较全面地分析了系统的生态功能、当前城市湿地功能退化的原因,在此基础上提出了恢复和保护的措施。     

千岛湖国家森林公园消落带生态问题与对策研究

库区消落带保护建设是世界级生态难题。千岛湖国家森林公园消落带淹水、浪蚀、冲刷引起土壤裸露、生物多样性缺乏、环境与视觉污染等生态问题。必须从水源源头严格管控和整治,采取必要的工程护岸措施,积极开展土壤环境、生态模型等基础与应用相结合研究,进而开拓千岛湖消落带湿地植被恢复与重建视野,提升千岛湖生态系统服务功能。     

Large-scale ecological restoration of high-diversity tropical forests in SE Brazil

The complex interactions among endangered ecosystems, landowners’ interests, and different models of land tenure and use, constitute an important series of challenges for those seeking to maintain and restore biodiversity and augment the flow of ecosystem services. Over the past 10 years, we have developed a data-based approach to address these challenges and to achieve medium and large-scale ecological restoration of riparian areas on private lands in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Given varying motivations for ecological restoration, the location of riparian areas within landholdings, environmental zoning of different riparian areas, and best-practice restoration methods were developed for each situation. A total of 32 ongoing projects, covering 527,982 ha, were evaluated in large sugarcane farms and small mixed farms, and six different restoration techniques have been developed to help upscale the effort. Small mixed farms had higher portions of land requiring protection as riparian areas (13.3%), and lower forest cover of riparian areas (18.3%), than large sugarcane farms (10.0% and 36.9%, respectively for riparian areas and forest cover values). In both types of farms, forest fragments required some degree of restoration. Historical anthropogenic degradation has compromised forest ecosystem structure and functioning, despite their high-diversity of native tree and shrub species. Notably, land use patterns in riparian areas differed markedly. Large sugarcane farms had higher portions of riparian areas occupied by highly mechanized agriculture, abandoned fields, and anthropogenic wet fields created by siltation in water courses. In contrast, in small mixed crop farms, low or non-mechanized agriculture and pasturelands were predominant. Despite these differences, plantations of native tree species covering the entire area was by far the main restoration method needed both by large sugarcane farms (76.0%) and small mixed farms (92.4%), in view of the low resilience of target sites, reduced forest cover, and high fragmentation, all of which limit the potential for autogenic restoration. We propose that plantations should be carried out with a high-diversity of native species in order to create biologically viable restored forests, and to assist long-term biodiversity persistence at the landscape scale. Finally, we propose strategies to integrate the political, socio-economic and methodological aspects needed to upscale restoration efforts in tropical forest regions throughout Latin America and elsewhere.     

国内外城市河岸带近自然植物群落构建研究评述

城市河岸带是城市最具生态效能和活力的空间,创造近自然植物群落能够提高城市的生物多样性,形成万物共生的可持续生态景观。国内外相关研究学者在积极探寻城市河岸带植物群落构建的方法和标准,但这方面的综述文章寥寥无几。在web of science和中国知网数据库中查新国内外相关文献50余篇,评述了国内外城市河岸带植物群落构建现状以及近自然植物群落构建途径两方面研究进展,以期梳理整合城市河岸带植物群落构建现状与趋势,拓宽城市河岸带植物群落新视野,为城市河岸带植物群落构建研究的体系框架提供研究思路。     

丽江拉市海国际重要湿地生态修复方案探究

拉市海国际重要湿地是我国重要的候鸟越冬栖息地之一,针对其整体环境整治问题,地方政府和管理部门做了大量工作,取得了较好成效,但还存在退化沼泽湿地急需修复、退养鱼塘急需生态修复、入湖河道急需治理等问题,基于此,提出退化沼泽湿地、退塘还湿、入湖河段生态修复以及破碎化湖滨带治理、外来物种防控等生态修复方案。通过湿地生态修复,湿地整体生态环境得到改善,候鸟栖息地、食源地得到修复,湿地植被和生物多样性明显增加,湿地景观得到优化,湿地生态服务功能有所提高。     

湿地岸坡恢复技术研究

湿地岸坡是湿地生态系统的重要组成部分, 包括周期性淹水过渡带、永久性浅水部分和部分旱地, 具有重要的生态功能。我国湿地岸坡及其恢复理论与实践研究均较为薄弱。文中介绍了湿地岸坡的生态功能及其稳定性分析, 以及湿地岸坡恢复的技术方法, 包括木桩护坡、块石护坡、生态砖和生态混凝土护坡、生态袋护坡、植物护坡、生物工程护坡、基材护坡和种植基护坡等方法; 探讨了湿地岸坡恢复的措施及今后管理的目标和方向。     

区域生态恢复空间的研究——以内蒙古卓资县为例

随着国家西部大开发工程的启动,生态恢复建设工程作为根本和切入点,已列入了国家“十五”规划。本文通过对内蒙古卓资县现有土地利用状况、人口消费的生态足迹以及生态足迹贸易调整的分析,研究了该区域生态恢复空间以及目前的恢复状况,指出了存在的问题和今后生态恢复建设的方向。     

河岸带韧性植物群落研究综述

河岸带植物群落是河岸带生态系统的一个重要组成,具有多种美学价值、生态和经济效益。近年来,全球变化、极端天气事件频发以及人类活动等外界干扰威胁着河岸带植物群落的稳定,而韧性是有助于植物群落适应干扰的一个重要特性。因此,国际上已有众多的学者开展河岸带韧性植物群落的研究。文中在梳理国际上最新研究成果的基础上,阐明相关的重要概念,从适应能力、动态转变比对和阈值界定层面归纳河岸带植物群落韧性的评估测量指标与方法,从外来入侵植物、极端天气事件以及河流流态3个方面探讨外界干扰因素对植物群落韧性的影响,并针对韧性的内涵延伸、完善测量指标和方法以及外界干扰因素方面提出研究展望。     

河岸带植被结构功能及修复技术研究进展

河岸带狭义上是指河水陆地交界处的区域,是处于陆地生态系统和水生生态系统之间的一种过渡状态,河岸带可以说是功能最完备但同时也是极脆弱的生态系统,因此具有重要的作用和研究价值。本文介绍了河岸带定义的发展、河岸带植被的结构、生态功能及河岸带修复技术的进展。     

Forest-floor temperatures and soil moisture across riparian zones on first- to third-order headwater streams in southern New England,USA

Riparian zones along forest streams in the western United States have been repeatedly shown to be floristically and climatically different from adjacent upland forest, and to be important contributors to forest biodiversity. Similar evidence for the presence or function of riparian zones is lacking for forests of the northeastern U.S. We conducted seasonal surveys of forest-floor temperature and soil moisture across 30-m riparian transects on first- to third-order streams in southern New England. We were unable to detect any effect of distance from the stream channel on either temperature or soil moisture. These preliminary results indicate the absence of a unique riparian forest-floor microclimate within 30 m of low-order streams in southern New England. While this study failed to identify a distinctive riparian microclimatic zone, protection of a riparian buffer during forestry operations or other disturbance is essential for the protection of forest streams and their resources and the maintenance of forest biodiversity.     

Biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of 16 riparian woody plant species in Northeast China

Our research focused on eutrophication control and species screening for riparian zone vegetation restoration in the upstream reach of the Hun River. We studied 16 hardwood plant species to investigate nutrient concentrations and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulations. After about 120 days of growth in pots, these 16 species varied in dry matter biomass, ranging from 15.13 to 637.16 g. Total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） concentrations and distribution in roots, stems and foliage differed both within and between tested species. Mean TN and TP accumulation ranged from 0.167 to 14.730 g per plant and from 0.016 to 1.20 g, respectively. All 16 species, but especially Lespedeza bicolor, Robinia pseudoacacia and Sorbaria sorbifolia had strong potential to remove TN and TP from soil and could be widely utilized for the restora- tion of destroyed riparian zones in northeast China.     

河岸带景观生态研究进展

随着社会经济的发展,回归自然、亲水、景观与文化等新理念不断涌现,以生态学为基础,追求人与自然和谐发展的生态河岸带景观研究成为国内外研究的热点。笔者从河岸带景观的重要性入手,研究了河岸带的概念和内涵,分析了其结构特征和功能,综述了当前生态河岸带在缓冲区宽度、植被变化、生态重建和生态护岸及其景观效果等方面的研究进展,并提出了优化河岸带植被结构,改良配置模式和强化生态重建效能等建设思路。