对虾病原菌2—5B菌株16SrRNA基因片段的克隆和序列测定

用引物ＰＬ１－ＰＬ２ＰＣＲ扩增对虾病原菌－坎普氏弧菌２－５Ｂ菌株１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因－１２２３ｂｐ的片段，采用ｐＵＣ１９质粒构建ｄＴ载体法完成该片段的克隆。部分序列测定及分析结果表明，该菌株与ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ中坎普氏弧菌标准株序列之间同源性为９６．９４％。     

猪红斑丹毒丝菌GZ株的分离鉴定及序列分析

2013年11月从广州某猪场发生急性败血症死亡的母猪心脏、肺脏、脾脏分离到1株病原菌,经形态学观察、培养特性、生化特性及16SrRNA、spaA基因测序,确定为猪红斑丹毒丝菌,命名为GZ株。结果表明,该菌株对阿莫西林、利福平、庆大霉素、头孢类抗生素高度敏感,对其他药物广泛耐药,对BALB/c小鼠的致死剂量为1.5×108 cfu/mL。测序结果与NCBI收录的猪红斑丹毒丝菌进行Blast比对分析,16SrRNA基因与不同地区分离自人、蛋鸡、猪、白海雕、野猪、野兔、鼠等动物的同源性为95.9%~99.8%。spaA基因与NCBI收录的分离菌株核苷酸同源性为98.9%~99.9%,氨基酸同源性为99.5%,3处发生突变,其中,第36位缬氨酸突变为亮氨酸,第203位异亮氨酸突变为蛋氨酸,第257位亮氨酸突变为异亮氨酸;与1998年和2006年日本1a型Fujisawa株的核苷酸同源性最高,为99.8%,因此确定分离的GZ株为1a血清型。     

烤烟K326种子可培养内生细菌的分离与鉴定

采用NA、KB、R2A和TSA 4种培养基分离烟草品种K326种子中的可培养内生细菌,并选择其中的50株外观形态特征有显著差异的菌株进行了16S r DNA测序与分析。结果表明,烟草K326种子中携带有大量可培养内生细菌,培养获得菌落总数约为8.1×105cfu/g;主要分为假单胞菌属、寡养单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属、贪铜菌属和杆菌属等5个属,其中优势内生菌为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌、假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌,分别占菌种总数的34%、32%和26%。     

Expression of TMEM16A as a calcium-activated chloride channel in Fischer rat thyroid follicular epithelial cells and its electrophysiologic pro-perties

AIM：To investigate the expression of transmembrane protein 16A(TMEM16A) in Fischer rat thyroid follicular epithelial (FRT) cells and its electrophysiologic properties. METHODS：The eukaryotic expression vector of pUB6/V5-TMEM16A was constructed and transfected into FRT cells by liposome-mediated transfection. In order to obtain the high efficiency of gene transfection and expression, the quantity and ratio of lipid/DNA complexes were optimized. The FRT cells stably expressing TMEM16A were gained by the selection with blasticidin and confirmed by the techniques of RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The expression and location of TMEM16A in the FRT cells were observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope. TMEM16A protein was associated with calcium-dependent chloride current, as measured with halide-sensitive fluorescent protein and patch-clamp technique. RESULTS：The results of double digestion and sequencing indicated that TMEM16A was cloned into pUB6/V5. The results of RT-PCR and immunofluorescence confirmed that TMEM16A was expressed in the FRT cells after transfection with TMEM16A. The classical calcium-activated chloride channel currents were recorded in the FRT cells stably expressing TMEM16A by the technique of patch-clamp and halide-sensitive fluorescent protein YFP-H148Q/I152L. CONCLUSION：The protein expression of TMEM16A in the FRT cells was observed. TMEM16A is the molecular identity of calcium-activated chloride channels.     

相手蟹属两种蟹类线粒体16S rRNA基因序列的比较

测定了相手蟹属红螯相手蟹和褶痕相手蟹线粒体16S rRNA基因部分片段的序列，二者的序列长度相同，均为533bp，且A、T、D、C的含量相似，分别为198bp（37．1％），206bp（38．6％），84bp（15．8％），45bp（8．4％）和200bp（37．5％），205bp（38．5％），81bp（15．2％），47bp（8．8％）；二者的序列有49处差异，其中21个位点为转换、22个位点为颠换和6个缺失／插入位点。进一步对20种相手蟹属蟹类的长度为361bp的16S rRNA基因同源序列进行分析，发现AT的含量为78．6％～82．9％，明显高于GC的含量，且存有91个变异位点。从NJ树和遗传距离来看，在分布于中国的3种相手蟹中，无齿相手蟹和红螯相手蟹的亲缘关系最近（d=0．0151），而它们与褶痕相手蟹的亲缘关系则较远（d=0．0924／0．0923）。分布于中国的相手蟹和分布于北美的相手蟹之间存在着较大的遗传距离（差异），表明它们之间有着较远的亲缘关系，互为单系起源。     

浅色黄姑鱼线粒体16S rRNA基因片段序列特征分析

PCR扩增100个浅色黄姑鱼个体的线粒体16SrRNA基因片段序列,得到大约620bp的扩增产物。将其中5个个体的扩增产物进行测序和同源比对,得到468bp可供比对分析的片段。比对结果表明,5条序列包括两个单倍型,两个单倍型之间有1个碱基突变。PCR-RFLP分析结果显示,两个种群的100个样品中98%的个体为其中一种单倍型,只有2%的个体呈另一种单倍型,表明这两个种群的遗传多样性较低。两个单倍型平均碱基组成为:T22.0%,C26.3%,A29.8%,G21.9%,GC含量平均为48.2%。与GenBank中石首鱼科7属9种的11条同源序列比对,得到429个比对位点,其中包括69个简约信息位点、55个单突变子和16个插入/缺失位点。聚类分析显示,浅色黄姑鱼与黄姑鱼亲缘关系较近,与形态分类相符。     

玉米秸秆深翻还田土壤细菌群落16SrDNA-PCR-DGGE分析

以秸秆深翻还田土壤为研究对象,利用嵌套式PCR和DGGE电泳技术对细菌16SrDNA V3～V5区进行扩增和产物分离,分析3个秸秆深翻处理下春玉米各生育期土壤细菌群落变化,探索高寒灌溉农区春玉米秸秆深翻还田中细菌群落结构特征。结果初步表明,秸秆还田处理细菌多样性高于常规旋耕无秸秆还田处理,这种多样性同时受玉米生育期和不同秸秆还田处理的影响。3个处理相同生育期DGGE条带数有明显的变化,玉米秸秆深翻还田两年处理（SF-II）条带数最多,其次是玉米秸秆深翻还田1年处理（SF-I）,常规旋耕无秸秆还田（CK）最少;在成熟期,SF-II条带数为12,是CK处理的两倍。玉米全生育期一直存在数种优势菌群,但各时期细菌的种类不同,整体表现为随着玉米的生长细菌种类逐渐增加,成熟期减少。秸秆深翻还田能丰富土壤微生物多样性,玉米生长中期土壤微生物多样性较丰富。     

Methanotrophy-driven accumulation of organic carbon in four paddy soils of Bangladesh

Biological methane oxidation is a crucial process in the global carbon cycle that reduces methane emissions from paddy fields and natural wetlands into the atmosphere.However,soil organic carbon accumulation associated with microbial methane oxidation is poorly understood.Therefore,to investigate methane-derived carbon incorporation into soil organic matter,paddy soils originated from different parent materials(Inceptisol,Entisol,and Alfisol) were collected after rice harvesting from four major rice-producing regions in Bangladesh.Following microcosm incubation with 5%(volume/volume)¹³ CH₄,soil¹³ C-atom abundances significantly increased from background level of 1.08% to 1.88%–2.78%,leading to a net methane-derived accumulation of soil organic carbon ranging from 120 to 307 mg kg^-1.Approximately 23.6%–60.0% of the methane consumed was converted to soil organic carbon during microbial methane oxidation.The phylogeny of¹³ C-labeled pmoA(enconding the alpha subunit of the particulate methane monooxygenase) and 16 S rRNA genes further revealed that canonical α(type II) and γ(type I) Proteobacteria were active methane oxidizers.Members within the Methylobacter-and Methylosarcina-affiliated type Ia lineages dominated active methane-oxidizing communities that were responsible for the majority of methane-derived carbon accumulation in all three paddy soils,while Methylocystis-affiliated type IIa lineage was the key contributor in one paddy soil of Inceptisol origin.These results suggest that methanotroph-mediated synthesis of biomass plays an important role in soil organic matter accumulation.This study thus supports the concept that methanotrophs not only consume the greenhouse gas methane but also serve as a key biotic factor in maintaining soil fertility.     

Application of 16S rDNA Sequence Analysis Technique in Microbial Detection

16srDNA既具有保守性区域。又具有高变性区域,是生物的种属鉴定和系统进化关系的重要分子基础。以16srDNA为目的物的现代分子生物学技术能精确地揭示微生物种类和遗传的多样性,从而16srDNA序列分析成了微生物分类鉴定主要依据。该方法克服了传统微生物培养方法的限制,操作方便、检测快速准确且灵敏度高,已被广泛应用到菌种鉴定、群落对比分析、群落中系统发育及种群多样性的评估等领域,是一种客观和可信度较高的分类方法。