巨桉种源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分子标记方法对巨桉11个种源80个个体进行了遗传变异的比较分析.通过20个10bp随机引物的扩增,共检测到149个位点,其中89个为多态性标记位点,总的多态位点百分率为59.73%.各个种源多态位点百分率较高,为42.86%～55.89%,多态位点最多的是8号种源,最低的是6号种源.Shannon表型多样度估测值的统计表明,遗传多样性主要存在种源内部.遗传变异在种源间占28.74%,在种源个体间占71.26%.Shannon表型多样度估测值在种源间为0.1720～0.2650,平均为0.2373.8号种源的遗传多样性最高,6号种源的遗传多样性最低;种源间的遗传距离为0.0391～0.1344,平均为0.0817.这些遗传变异为巨桉优良种源的早期选择提供了科学依据.     

Genotypic effects on the variation of wood quality and growth traits in plantation forest made by cutting cultivars of Japanese cedar

We studied the effect of genotypes of planting stocks regarding the variation of the modulus of elasticity of tree trunks on standing trees (trunk-MOE), tree height (TH), and diameter at breast height (DBH) in a 19-year-old Japanese cedar plantation made with root cuttings. Trunk-MOE was assessed nondestructively using a tree-bending method. Genotypes of individual trees were detected using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. RAPD analysis revealed that the sampled plantation consisted of 14 genotypes. Genotypic effects on DBH and TH were unclear, and there was no significant difference among genotypes. This result indicated that an acquired variation should have more influence than an inherited variation on DBH and TH. For trunk-MOE, there were significant differences among the four largest genotypes at the 5% level. However the coefficient of variation in trunk-MOE of each genotype ranged from 7.5% to 26.8%. It seems reasonable to assume that the wide variation in trunk-MOE in a sampled plantation may depend on the environmental effect within a clone as well as on the genetic origin of clones. We therefore conclude that the use of multiple planting stocks from different cuttings for which the wood quality is unknown contributed strongly to the wide variation in trunk-MOE in the plantation of Japanese cedar.     

闽楠基因组DNA提取及RAPD反应条件优化

以闽楠叶片为材料，研究了闽楠基因组DNA提取方法及RAPD反应条件。采用改良的CTAB高盐法提的DNA质量较高，适宜RAPD-PCR分析。在20μL反应体积中，RAPD分析的优化反应体系为：2mmol/L的Mg^2 ，200μmol／L dNTP，1，5ng/μL的模板DNA，1UTap酶，50nmol／L引物。     

利用RAPD标记进行银杏雄株无性系的识别

利用RAPD分子标记技术对来自10个省份的银杏雄株10个无性系的研究表明,12对引物共扩增出了96条带,多态性条带41条,占总带数的42%,扩增片段长度为300~2 000 bp,10个银杏雄株无性系间表现出较丰富的多态性;利用12对引物的41个分子标记完全可以对10个不同银杏雄株无性系进行识别,谱带清晰,因此利用RAPD技术进行银杏雄株无性系识别是可行的。     

利用RAPD分析大青杨天然群体的遗传结构

本文利用ＲＡＰＤ分子标记技术从ＤＮＡ分子水平上探测了大青场（ｐｌｐｕｌｕｓｕｓｓｕｒｉｅｎｓｉｓＫｏｍ．）天然群体的遗传结构和分化程度。结果得出：用１４个随机寡核苷酸引物共产生１８０个扩增片段，扩增片断在２１１ｂｐ至１６３６ｂｐ之间。Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ表型多样度（ＨＯ）估测值在群体间变动范围为０．２７１至０．３９２，平均为０．３１０。对分子水平变异分为群体间和群体内两部分进行分析，群体间分量占总变异的６２．３％，群体内只占３７．７％。不同引物在群体内探测能力也各不相同，ＣＨｌ－ｌ引物探测多样度（ＨＯ）最高（０．５４０），而２１１６引物最低（０．１５１）。     

Genetic diversity of Populus euphratica populations in northwestern China determined by RAPD DNA analysis

Five Populus euphratica Oliver populations in northwestern China were analyzed using RAPD DNA markers to determine genetic diversity among and within populations. One hundred-and-five polymorphic bands were observed, ranging in size from 250 bp to 1700 bp, using 10 primers. Only one population on the north side of the Tianshern Range had a unique band common to all individuals that was not found in individuals from populations in the Tarim River valley. Intra-population genetic diversity was high in two populations along the Tarim River and low in the other three populations. There was no significant correlation between genetic distances and geographic distances. The result of correspondence analysis shows that the individuals from the three populations with low genetic diversity are isolated from each other. The result of cluster analysis based on genetic distance shows that the population in the Tianshern Range is genetically distant from the other populations. These results suggest that the Tianshern Range population was genetically isolated from the other populations.     

不同遗传背景大豆抗大豆胞囊线虫RAPD标记

以中国小黑豆抗源和具有优良农艺性状黄豆品种为试材,利用43个随机引物对其总DNA进行扩增,其中15个引物没有扩增产物,28个引物在供试品种的DNA扩增中产生多态性,11个引物产生特异性片段,将不同品种产生的特异性片段与品种抗大豆胞囊线虫生理小种进行综合分析,表明不同品种产生的特异性片段可能与该品种抗胞囊线虫的抗性相关.     

网箱养殖大黄鱼遗传多样性的同工酶和RAPD分析

采用垂直聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法(PAGE)和RAPD技术对象山港网箱养殖大黄鱼群体遗传多样性进行检测。结果表明，所分析的12种同工酶共记录了27个基因座位，其中3个基因座位Est-2、Est-3和m-Adh-2为多态，其多态座位比例为11．111％，平均杂合度为0．0279。16个RAPD随机引物共检测出119个位点，其中多态位点20个(16.81％)，个体间的遗传相似系数为0．844～0．972，遗传变异度为0．0927，Shannon多样性指数为6．326，多样性值为0．0532。不论是同工酶电泳分析结果还是RAPD分析结果，均表明象山港网箱养殖大黄鱼遗传多样性水平较低。     

中国海区不同养殖品系海带与长海带之间的遗传关系

对中国海区海带(Laminaria japonica)不同栽培品系(种)及长海带(L.longissirna)的配子体无性繁殖系进行12个酶系统的同工酶检测,获得了31个基因位点,酶谱分析结果说明,来自同一株海带的雌、雄配子体无性繁殖系具有较高的遗传相似性,但“860”品系可能因杂合度大,导致该品系雌、雄配子体无性繁殖之间的遗传距离较远。对它们相应的亲本孢子体进行RAPD分析,30个随机引物共得到185个扩增位点,其中多态性位点76个,占41％。利用UPGMA对同工酶及RAPD所得到的遗传距离进行聚类分析,表明中国海区养殖海带的不同品系或品种之间的遗传相似性较大,而“烟杂1号”与长海带之间具有较近的亲缘关系。基于同工酶和RAPD图谱的结果推测,“烟杂1号”是一个新的杂交种,其母本可能是“荣杂1号”,而父本可能是长海带。     

砂生槐单粒种子DNA的快速提取及RAPD检测

为探讨快速提取种子DNA的有效方法,以砂生槐单粒种子为试验材料,在传统CTAB法基础上建立一种快速提取DNA的方法,并通过紫外分光光度法、凝胶电泳和RAPD-PCR检测所提基因组DNA。结果表明:快速法提取得到了质量较好、浓度及纯度较高的DNA,可以满足分子生物学实验的要求。此方法操作方便、快捷,是一种有效的砂生槐种子的DNA提取方法。