葡萄糖氧化酶对红姑娘酒陈酿过程中酚类物质的影响

以红姑娘(Physalis alkekengi L.)酒为试验材料研究葡萄糖氧化酶对红姑娘酒陈酿过程中酚类物质的影响.结果表明,葡萄糖氧化酶使酚类物质的降解速率变缓,其中鞣花酸降解速率显著低于对照,儿茶素、咖啡酸、槲皮素与对照无显著差异.     

板栗野生和芽变雄花序赤霉素合成关键酶基因比较分析

为探明芽变雄花序赤霉素含量降低的分子机制,对板栗野生和芽变雄花序赤霉素合成关键酶基因古巴焦磷酸合成酶(CPS)、贝壳杉烯合成酶(KS)、贝壳杉烯氧化酶(KO)、贝壳杉烯酸氧化酶(KAO)、赤霉素20-氧化酶1(GA20ox1)和赤霉素3-氧化酶1(GA3ox1)的cDNA序列,以及KO基因DNA序列进行了比对,结果表明:两类花序中KO基因在开放阅读框的872、1 115和1 150bp存在3处碱基差异,分别造成了氨基酸由Glu、Tyr和Tyr突变为Gly、Phe和His,最终导致了跨膜区的改变,且发现cDNA上碱基突变是由DNA的碱基差异造成的。推测KO基因的这种突变导致板栗短雄花序性状。     

钼对小鼠后代醛氧化酶和黄嘌呤氧化酶转录水平的影响

试验选用60只二月龄的清洁级ICR小鼠,随机分成4组,每组10只雌性和5只雄性小白鼠,雌雄分开饲养,饮水中加入不同剂量的钼,分别是空白对照组、低钼组(100 mg.L-1)、中钼组(200 mg.L-1)、高钼组(400mg.L-1),4周后雌雄合笼饲养。产仔后从每组仔鼠中随机雌性小白鼠30只和15只雄性小白鼠按原分组给予不同剂量的钼,8周后,再从每组中随机选取雌性小白鼠10只和5只雄性小白鼠合笼饲养,待其产仔。如此往复,使小鼠繁殖四代。以第三代(F2代)作为研究对象,应用实时荧光定量PCR的方法测定肝脏AOX和XO的转录水平。结果表明,与对照组相比F2代小鼠AOX和XO的转录水平随钼添加剂量的增加呈递增趋势,实验组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。可见长期钼暴露可提高小鼠后代AOX和XO的转录水平。     

抑制剂对鲜榨蜜梨汁多酚氧化酶活性的影响

多酚氧化酶(PPO)是酶促褐变的关键酶,以鲜榨蜜梨汁为原料,以邻苯二酚为底物,采用分光光度法测定多酚氧化酶活性,研究氯化钠、柠檬酸、L-半胱氨酸、抗坏血酸和异抗坏血酸5种不同抑制剂对鲜榨蜜梨汁中的多酚氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,这5种酶抑制剂均能在一定程度上抑制鲜榨蜜梨汁PPO活性,随着其浓度的升高,抑制效应逐渐增强。氯化钠、柠檬酸、L-半胱氨酸、抗坏血酸、异抗坏血酸抑制鲜榨梨汁PPO活性的最佳浓度分别为0.6,0.5 mol/L和2.0,2.0,0.5 mmol/L。     

抑制荸荠中多酚氧化酶活性的研究

通过单因素及多因素试验,探讨抑制荸荠中多酚氧化酶活性的效果。L_9(3~3)正交试验结果表明:柠檬酸预煮液的质量分数0.5%,预煮温度100℃,预煮时间5 min为最优预煮条件。     

In vitro anti-platelet aggregative effect of procyanidins isolated from grape seeds

AIM: To study the possible anti-platelet aggregative mechanisms of procyanidins (PC) isolated from grape seeds in vitro. METHODS: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were prepared from the blood of healthy volunteers. PC,diphenylene iodonium(DPI,a nonspecific NADPH oxidase inhibitor) and apocynin (a specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor) were used to observe the effects on collagen-induced platelet maximum aggregation rate using platelet aggregometer. The influences of PC on platelet NADPH oxidase activity, NO content and superoxide anion (O₂^-·) level were evaluated by chemiluminescence spectrometer. The role of PC in the expression of activated platelet markers (PAC-1 and CD62P) was observed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: PC (100 μmol/L), apocynin (10 μmol/L) and DPI (100 μmol/L) significantly inhibited collagen-induced maximum platelet aggregation rate (P<0.01). In collagen-activated platelets, NO content reduced and O₂^-· level increased,both of which were recovered by PC at concentration of 100 μmol/L (P<0.05). PC also obviously inhibited NADPH oxidase activity (P<0.01), and significantly down-regulated PAC-1 and CD62P expression (P< 0.05) in platelets. CONCLUSION: Procyanidins isolated from grape seeds have the anti-platelet aggregation function through inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity, further influencing platelet NO and O₂^-· levels.     

基于梨贝壳杉烯氧化酶基因PpKO 序列的功能性SNP 标记

 基于基因序列的功能性标记是基因分型、图谱定位和相关性状标记辅助选择的理想标记。以‘矮生梨’ב茌梨’的梨杂交分离群体和9个梨栽培品种为试材,以梨赤霉素合成代谢途径的关键酶基因--贝壳杉烯氧化酶基因（PpKO）的cDNA序列为基础,设计5对PCR引物,通过高通量熔解曲线（high resolution melting,HRM）分析,筛选到可对基因进行良好分型的1对引物。通过对杂种后代和测试品种的测序分析表明,此对引物的扩增子是一个位于PpKO第8外显子上的长度为200 bp的序列,从中共检测到两处单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）变化,且均为非同义cSNP。这两处SNP标记均可以作为适合高通量分析的遗传标记在遗传作图、基因定位或资源鉴定中加以利用。     

Cytotoxic, cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of isolated phenolic compounds from fresh ginger

Twenty-nine phenolic compounds were isolated from the root bark of fresh (Yunnan) ginger and their structures fully characterized. Selected compounds were divided into structural categories and twelve compounds subjected to in-vitro assays including DPPH radical scavenging, xanthine-oxidase inhibition, monoamine oxidase inhibition, rat-brain homogenate lipid peroxidation, and rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell and primary liver cell viability to determine their antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. Isolated compounds were also tested against nine human tumor cell lines to characterize anticancer potency. Several diarylheptanoids and epoxidic diarylheptanoids were effective DPPH radical scavengers and moderately effective at inhibiting xanthine oxidase. An enone–dione analog of 6-shogaol (compound 2) was isolated and identified to be most effective at protecting PC12 cells from H₂O₂-induced damage. Almost all tested compounds inhibited lipid peroxidation. Three compounds, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol and an enone-diarylheptanoid analog of curcumin (compound 6) were identified to be cytotoxic in cell lines tested, with KB and HL60 cells most susceptible to 6-shogaol and the curcumin analog with IC₅₀ < 10 μM. QSAR analysis revealed cytotoxicity was related to compound lipophilicity and chemical reactivity. In conclusion, we observed distinct compounds in fresh ginger to have biological activities relevant in diseases associated with reactive oxygen species.     

松针褐斑病菌毒素处理后湿地松组培苗 PAL、PPO、SOD活性变化研究

为研究抗松针褐斑病菌在湿地松子代组培苗体内的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性变化与其抗病性的关系,以抗病湿地松瓶内组培苗和温室1年生组培苗针叶为材料,测定PAL、PPO、SOD的活性。结果表明:松针褐斑病菌毒素处理后,湿地松PAL和PPO活性与抗病性成一定正相关关系,SOD活性与植株抗病性在48 168 h内表现有一定的负相关性。     

鬼臼多糖对免疫功能低下小鼠自由基产生酶活性的影响

采用环磷酰胺腹腔注射(50mg/kg)小鼠建立免疫抑制模型,观察鬼臼多糖(PEP)不同剂量(50,100,200mg/kg和400mg/kg)配合环磷酰胺应用后,对小鼠脾脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)及一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)水平的影响。结果表明,PEP能显著降低免疫抑制小鼠脾脏XOD、MPO的活性;对脾脏总NOS活性无显著影响,但400mg/kg多糖可降低小鼠脾脏诱导型NOS活性,提示PEP可通过降低免疫抑制小鼠体内自由基产生酶水平而起到抗氧化作用。