条浒苔蛋白核超微结构和Rubisco及其活化酶分子定位

研究了条浒苔蛋白核超微结构及其Rubisco和Rubisco活化酶金相免疫分子定位。超微结构显示,条浒苔细胞具有形态及组成相同的1～2个蛋白核,每个蛋白核被淀粉鞘所包围。蛋白核中央均有1条由1个类囊体构成的纵向孔道,并有时局部特别膨大。纵向孔道两端与叶绿体基质相连接。小球藻Rubisco抗体对条浒苔Rubisco的Western印迹图谱显示仅为1条带,其位置与SDS-PAGE电泳图谱上的主带相对应,分子量大约为55kD。金相免疫分子定位的结果显示,条浒苔Rubisco金标颗粒主要分布于叶绿体的蛋白核(71.86%)和淀粉鞘(27.94%)部位中,按面积密度计算二者总和占99.8%,极少分布在叶绿体类囊体和基质中(0.2%)。Rubisco活化酶分子定位也显示其主要分布于蛋白核和淀粉鞘中。这些结果均表明条浒苔蛋白核(及淀粉鞘)与单细胞绿藻的蛋白核相同,具有光合作用功能。条浒苔Rubisco初始活性和总活性的测定结果表明,其活化率较高,高达77.62%。     

Amino acid profile of the quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) using near infrared spectroscopy and chemometric techniques

The high content of amino acids of the quinoa, especially essential amino acids (higher than other cereals) makes a food increasingly demanded by consumers. A total of twelve amino acids (arginine, cystine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine) were analyzed in quinoa samples from Chile by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) with direct application to the samples of a remote fiber-optic reflectance probe. The calibration results using modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression satisfactorily allowed the determination of the concentrations of this amino acid group with high multiple correlation coefficients (RSQ = 0.97–0.71) and low standard prediction errors (SEPC = 0.07–0.20). The prediction capacity (RPD) for the arginine, the cystine, the isoleucine, the lysine, the serine, the threonine, the tryptophan, the tyrosine and the valine ranged between 2.6 and 5.2, for the rest of amino acids were higher to 1.8, indicating that the NIRS equations obtained were applicable to unknown samples. It has confirmed that NIRS technology is a method that may be useful to replace the traditional methods for routine analysis of some amino acids.     

Nano- and Microdelivery Systems for Marine Bioactive Lipids

There is an increasing body of evidence of the positive impact of several marine lipids on human health. These compounds, which include ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, have been shown to improve blood lipid profiles and exert anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects. The high instability of these compounds to oxidative deterioration and their hydrophobicity have a drastic impact in their pharmacokinetics. Thus, the bioavailability of these compounds may be affected, resulting in their inability to reach the target sites at effective concentrations. In this regard; micro/nanoparticles can offer a wide range of solutions that can prevent the degradation of targeted molecules, increase their absorption, uptake and bioavailability. In this work we will present the options currently available concerning micro- and nanodelivery systems for marine lipids; with emphasis on micro/nanoparticles; such as micro/nanocapsules and emulsions. A wide range of bottom-up approaches using casein, chitosan, cyclodextrins, among others; will be discussed.     

茶多酚对淀粉酯纳米颗粒及其稳定的Pickering乳液性质的影响

为探究茶多酚（Tea Polyphenols, TPs）对辛烯基琥珀酸酐（Octenyl Succinic Anhydride, OSA）酯化淀粉纳米颗粒（Starch Nanoparticles,SNPs）及其稳定的Pickering乳液性质的影响,该研究在制备OSA-SNPs的过程中添加TPs,研究TPs对OSA-SNPs的理化性质和乳化性能的影响。结果发现,添加TPs使OSA-SNPs的平均粒径增加、表面Zeta电位绝对值下降、接触角减小（P<0.05）。通过傅立叶红外光谱扫描发现,TPs与OSA-SNPs之间存在氢键和疏水相互作用。在TP-OSA-SNPs稳定的乳液中,增加TP-OSA-SNPs的质量浓度（从0.5 g/mL至2.0 g/mL）,乳滴平均直径明显减小（P<0.05）;当TP-OSA-SNPs的质量浓度增加至2 g/mL时,乳液形成了油滴紧密堆积的界面结构,能够抑制油滴迁移。通过加速氧化试验发现,与OSA-SNPs相比,TP-OSA-SNPs稳定的乳液中氢过氧化物值（Peroxide Value, POV）相对较低（P<0.05）,说明TP-OSA-SNPs具有延缓乳液中油脂氧化的作用。结果表明,这种新型具有抗氧化功能的食品级颗粒乳化剂,对构筑淀粉基Pickering乳液载体具有潜在价值。     

Rainfall erosivity and erosivity density through rainfall synthetic series for São Paulo State,Brazil: Assessment,regionalization and modeling

Rainfall is the main cause of erosion of Brazilian soils, which makes assessing the rainfall erosivity factor (RE) and the erosivity density (ED) fundamental for soil and water conservation. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: i) to estimate the RE and ED for São Paulo State, Brazil, using synthetic series of pluviographic data; ii) to define homogeneous regions regarding rainfall erosivity; and iii) to generate regression models for rainfall erosivity estimates in each of the homogeneous regions. Synthetic series of pluviographic data were initially obtained on a sub-daily scale from the daily rainfall records of 696 rainfall gauges. The RE values were then estimated from the synthetic rainfall data, and ED was calculated from the relationship between erosivity and rainfall amounts. Monthly and annual maps for RE and ED were obtained. Hierarchical clustering analysis was used to define homogeneous regions in terms of rainfall erosivity, and regionalized regression models for estimating RE were generated. The results demonstrate high spatial variability of RE in São Paulo, where the highest annual values were observed in the coastal region. December to March concentrate approximately 60% of the intra-annual erosivity. The highest values of annual ED were observed in regions with intense agricultural activity. The definition of five homogeneous regions concerning the rainfall erosive potential evidenced distinct seasonal patterns of the spatial distribution of erosivity. Finally, the high predictive accuracy of the regionalized models obtained characterizes them as essential tools for reliable estimates of rainfall erosivity, and contribute to better soil conservation planning.     

氧化铁纳米粒子对玉米生理效应影响的研究

为了有效地评估纳米粒子对植物潜在的生物毒性,选取玉米和氧化铁纳米粒子为研究对象,探讨氧化铁纳米粒子（nailo-Fe2O3）对玉米生理效应的影响。同时,测定抗氧化酶体系的酶活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量,结果表明当受到氧化铁纳米粒子胁迫时,玉米会发生氧化应激反应,但这会激发玉米本身的保护机制,导致整个机体的抗氧化预防能力增强,使得机体的超氧阴离子自由基含量降低,减少对机体的损害。同时,通过玉米根的荧光切片和透射电镜切片,可以得出氧化铁纳米粒子从上皮层运输到皮质层主要是通过质外体途径．并且能够进入玉米细胞中、、这些为评估纳米粒子对植物的影响奠定基础。     

不同气调包装对池沼公鱼保鲜品质的影响

[目的]研究不同气调包装的新鲜池沼公鱼在冷藏下的保鲜品质.[方法]通过对池沼公鱼的感官性状、液汁损失率、挥发性盐基氮（TVB-N）、硫代巴比妥酸值（TBA）和pH等指标的检测来比较不同气调包装方式对池沼公鱼在冷藏期间（0±1）℃保鲜品质的影响.[结果]试验表明,气调包装可通过抑制产品中细菌的增加,防止腐败变质,从而有效延长产品的货架期.[结论]研究可为延长冷藏池沼公鱼货架期的气调保鲜工艺提供参考依据.     

樟树光合特性的季节动态

樟树（ Cinnamonum campora）春、夏、秋季净光合速率日动态均呈现“双峰型”曲线,而冬季为“单峰型”曲线,其日最大净光合速率和日均值存在明显的季节变化,由大到小的排序均为夏季（9．06、7．03μmol· m-2· s-1）、秋季（7．23、5．96μmol· m-2· s-1）、春季（6．91、5．58μmol· m-2· s-1）、冬季（5．60、4．32μmol· m-2· s-1）。基于指数改进模型估算的樟树不同季节光合参数分析得出,樟树光补偿点、光饱和点、最大净光合速率、暗呼吸速率均呈现显著的季节变化,夏季樟树光补偿点（63．44μmol· m-2· s-1）最大,春、秋、冬季（均约为52．3μmol· m-2· s-1）没有显著差异;夏季的光饱和点（1625．70μmol· m-2· s-1）、最大净光合速率（9．19μmol· m-2· s-1）最大,春季（1519．39、6．80μmol· m-2· s-1）和秋季（1509．53、7．71μmol· m-2· s-1）两者没有显著差异,冬季最小（1267．31、5．31μmol· m-2· s-1）;樟树夏季暗呼吸速率（2．53μmol· m-2· s-1）最大,春、秋、冬季（均约为1．4μmol· m-2· s-1）没有显著差异。可见,樟树为强阳性树种,一年四季均具有较好的净光合速率和生长潜力。     

转基因食品感知风险对消费者购买意愿的影响研究——基于武汉市消费者的调查分析

消费者对转基因食品(Genetically Modified Foods,GMF)的感知风险及购买意愿不仅事关政府和企业的相关决策,而且事关转基因食品的可持续发展。本研究基于武汉市384名消费者的调查数据,通过因子分析和回归分析的二步模型,对消费者的GMF感知风险及其对购买意愿的影响进行实证分析。研究表明,消费者对GMF的感知风险主要集中在4个方面,即:人体健康风险、社会经济风险、生态环境风险和食品功能风险。其中,前三者显著影响消费者对GMF的购买意愿,食品功能感知风险对GMF购买意愿的影响并不显著。     

Antibody-coated gold nanoparticles immunoassay for direct detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in fish tissues

Aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis, a disease that affects both salmonid and non‐salmonid fish. Detection of A. salmonicida can be labour intensive and time consuming because of the difficulties in distinguishing the bacterium from other species given the wide variety of existing biochemical profiles and the slow growth characteristics which allow other organisms to overgrow the A. salmonicida. Herein, we report the development of a specific immunoassay using gold‐conjugated polyclonal antibodies for the rapid detection of A. salmonicida in fish tissues. Monodispersible 13‐nm gold nanoparticles were coated with polyclonal antibodies specific to A. salmonicida. Reddish purple agglutination of gold particles indicated the presence of A. salmonicida in samples. Positive reactions were detected visually with the naked eye. No agglutination was observed when A. salmonicida antibody‐coated gold nanoparticles were tested with other common bacterial fish pathogens, thereby verifying the specificity of the assay. The assay could detect A. salmonicida in fish tissues down to 1 × 10⁴ CFU mL^?1, and results were obtained within 45 min. The antibody‐coated gold nanoparticles were stable for at least 2 months at 4°C. The immunoassay using antibody‐coated gold nanoparticles represents a promising tool for the rapid and specific detection of A. salmonicida in fish tissues.