植物源铁生物有效性及评价方法研究进展

缺铁是个世界性的营养失衡问题,给人类健康和经济发展带来严重的负面影响。主要膳食中的铁缺乏或低生物有效性被认为是造成铁缺乏的主要原因。通过植物育种措施,尤其是提高植物源铁富集育种被认为是解决铁营养失衡最经济且有效的途径。然而,近年的研究表明,人体铁吸收与植物源有效铁量密切相关,而与铁积累总量没有相关性。快速、准确的评价植物源铁生物有效性对高有效性富铁作物育种意义重大。本文阐述了植物源铁富集和生物有效性的基因型差异及影响因素, 并分析了铁生物有效性评价方法的优缺点,为植物源铁生物有效性育种及评价提供参考。     

Quantitative PCR assays to enumerate Rhizobium leguminosarum strains in soil also target non viable cells and overestimate those detected by the plant infection method

The plant infection method is commonly used to estimate the Most Probable Number (MPN) of soil rhizobia. Here, a qPCR method was set-up and validated with newly developed ANU (strain specific) and RHIZ (more general) primers to quantify the specific Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii ANU843 strain or general R. leguminosarum strains. Detection limits of qPCR protocols in soil were 1.2 × 10⁴ (ANU) and 4.2 × 10³ (RHIZ) cells per g soil. The qPCR assay appears robust and accurate in freshly inoculated soils but overestimated MPN for indigenous soil rhizobia. An incubation experiment showed that qPCR detected added DNA or non viable cells in soils up to 5 months after addition and incubation at 20 °C in moist conditions.     

两品种芜菁中芥子油苷含量的比较分析

采用HPLC方法测定“红圆”芜菁(HY)和“白玉”芜菁(BY)肉质根和叶片中芥子油苷(GS)成分和含量.结果表明:不同品种芜菁以及同一品种不同部位中芥子油苷(简称GS)含量差别较大.在“红圆”芜菁肉质根中检测出11种GS,在其叶片中检测出9种GS;“红圆”根中主要为苯乙基GS和2-羟基-3-丁烯基GS,分别占总硫苷的37.2％和20.9％,根中总GS含量是叶中的2.1倍.在“白玉”芜菁肉质根中检测出9种GS,主要GS种类为3-丁烯基GS和苯乙基GS,分别占总GS的65.6％和23.4％；在“白玉”芜菁叶片中含8种GS,不合有苯乙基GS,“白玉”叶中GS总量是根中含量的1.2倍.     

基于目标分析法及熵权法的后农业税时代农地政策评价

在详细介绍目标分析法评价农地政策的方法特点及步骤的基础上,对后农业税时代甘肃省河西4市的农地政策进行了评价。结果表明:从横向比较来看,在4个城市中酒泉市农地政策目标的实现程度最高,明显优于张掖市和武威市;以2003年的综合指数为参照值进行纵向比较,武威市的综合指数呈逐年递增趋势,张掖市的综合指数总体上呈逐年递增趋势(2005年的综合指数是一个例外),酒泉市的综合指数也总体上呈逐年递增趋势(2006年的综合指数是一个例外),而金昌市的各年度综合指数有所反复,呈不稳定状态。     

果树对低温的响应及抗寒评价体系研究进展

低温冷害是果树生产中常见的一种自然灾害,严重影响了果树生产的可持续发展。综述了果树抗寒性的评价、抗寒机制研究和抗寒基因工程研究,提出了该研究领域的前景展望,以期为果树抗寒性研究和抗寒育种提供科学依据。     

响应面法优化蚕沙叶绿素锌钾盐的制备工艺

在单因素试验基础上,选取皂化时间、锌代温度和锌代时间作为影响因子,应用Box-Behnken中心组合设计建立数学模型,以叶绿素锌钾盐产率为响应值,进行响应面分析(RSA)。结果表明,叶绿素锌钾盐的最佳制备工艺为皂化时间58 min,锌代温度57℃,锌代时间83 min。响应面模型在此条件下预测的叶绿素锌钾盐产率为8.95%,验证值(9.23%)与预测值相对误差3.13%。     

Identification of sources of resistance to damping-off and early root/hypocotyl damage from Rhizoctonia solani in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Rhizoctonia solani causes economically important root and hypocotyl diseases in common bean throughout the world. Root health is a vital factor in plant development and root diseases would negatively influence water and nutrient uptake as well as cause direct stand reduction and root rot damage to the crop. An efficient common bean screening method to evaluate damping-off and early root/hypocotyl damage from R. solani was developed and used to identify dry bean lines with levels of resistance to this disease. Two sets of 163 and 111 lines previously evaluated for drought tolerance in Nebraska and Puerto Rico were evaluated for damping-off resistance and early root/hypocotyl damage under greenhouse conditions. Disease severity on plants was identified based on above-ground symptoms, seedling survival and root lesions using a rating scale of 1 (resistant) to 9 (susceptible). In the first set of lines representing commonly grown dry bean cultivars, germplasm and sources of damping-off resistance, the Rhizoctonia mean rating ranged from 1.7 to 3.9; Phaseolus vulgaris lines PI 310668 and PI 533249 had the highest damping-off resistance. In the second set of the best lines from a drought tolerance shuttle breeding program the Rhizoctonia mean rating was between 2.6 and 5.7. The availability of drought tolerant dry bean lines allowed the testing of the hypothesis that there was a correlation between selecting for drought tolerance and R. solani damping-off resistance. No correlation between mean disease rating and drought tolerance was found, but adapted dry bean lines such as NE14-08-176 released as SB-DT1, and NE14-08-225 were identified with moderate damping-off resistance and drought tolerance. Lines with both traits and other attributes will facilitate development of resistant bean cultivars to manage damping-off caused by R. solani.     

反应温度和时间对分光光度法测定乳粉中左旋肉碱的影响

采用分光光度法测定乳粉中左旋肉碱的含量,从温度和时间对反应的影响进行分析研究,确立了最佳反应温度为24℃,最佳反应时间为加入5,5＇-二硫双（2-硝基苯甲酸）和乙酰辅酶A反应6 min后归零,再加入乙酰肉碱转移酶反应6 min。此条件下该方法的回收率为98.3%～99.7%。     

基于GIS的安徽省天柱山地质公园评价

采用了层次分析法确定评价体系各项指标的权重,然后利用GIS技术,采用综合评价法,对天柱山地质遗迹资源进行了定量评价。评价结果表明,天柱山地质公园在自然属性、价值属性、旅游开发条件以及景点景区规模等方面存在着明显的空间差异。公园的规划、保护和开发应因地制宜、合理进行。     

深基坑土钉墙内部稳定性计算新方法——最危险滑裂面复合遗传进化 …

高层建筑深基坑土钉墙内部稳定性分析的关键是如何确定最危险滑裂面的位置并计算与相对应的安全系数，这可归结为一类非线性优化问题。为克服传统优化分析方法容易陷于局部最优解的缺点，作者利用从模拟自然进化过程的遗传进化算法和求解约束优化问题的复杂形法而发展起来的复合遗传算法来搜索最危险滑动面，提出了一种深基坑土钉墙内部稳定性分析的复合遗传进化调优算法，它是一种全局优化分析方法，且比一般的遗传算法寻优效率要高