金鱼线粒体DNA Cyt b基因序列分析及与鲫鱼亲缘关系探讨

通过对金鱼(Carassius auratus var.)的5个代表品种草金(grass goldfish)、红龙睛(red dragoneye goldfish)、鹤顶红(red-head wen goldfish)、水泡(blisters-eyegoldfish)、黑寿(white-head oval goldfish)线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因全序列进行测定,结果发现金鱼Cytb基因全序列1141bp,其中T、C、A、G4种碱基含量分别为29.1%,27.8%,28.4%,14.5%,A T的含量(57.8%)高于C G的含量(42.2%)。草金、红龙睛、鹤顶红、水泡、黑寿Cytb基因全序列一样。结果表明,细胞色素b基因在金鱼种内是相当保守的,草金、红龙睛、鹤顶红、水泡、黑寿起源于同一祖先。将鲫鱼和金鱼线粒体Cytb基因序列比较分析,同源性达97.9%,应该还在同一种的水平上。     

Catalase activity as a potential vital biomarker of fish intoxication by the herbicide aminotriazole

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the herbicide 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AMT) on the activities of catalase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in blood (plasma and erythrocytes) and eight solid tissues of goldfish, Carassius auratus. Injection of goldfish with AMT (0.5 mg/gww AMT in 0.9% NaCl) resulted in a significant decrease in catalase activity 24 h post-injection in most tissues investigated. In white and red muscle, kidney, heart, liver, brain and erythrocytes the activity of catalase decreased by 61%, 69%, 64%, 48%, 40%, 27% and 26%, respectively, in comparison to the values seen in animals injected with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl). However, the activity of LDH decreased only in red muscle (by 19%) after AMT injection, whereas in plasma it increased by 137%. Protein carbonyl levels, a measure of oxidative damage to proteins, did not change in plasma in goldfish injected with AMT and total hemoglobin levels in AMT-injected fish, although lower compared with uninjected controls, did not differ from values in saline-injected controls. It is proposed that catalase activity in erythrocytes and white muscle might be usefully developed as a potential marker for fish intoxication by aminotriazole and other related herbicides.     

夹竹桃（Nerium indicum）皂甙对鲫鱼（Carassius auratus）幼鱼的影响

为了评价夹竹桃皂甙对非靶标生物的潜在危害,采用半静态法研究了不同浓度（0、5.89、20.12mg·L-1和80.76mg·L-1）的夹竹桃皂甙对鲫鱼幼苗的死亡情况、特定生长率、糖原、蛋白质含量、SOD酶活性和微核率的影响。结果表明,当夹竹桃皂甙处理浓度≤20.12mg·L-1时,处理组的鲫鱼在试验期间无死亡;而在80.76mg·L-1皂甙的处理下,鲫鱼5d后全部死亡。当皂甙染毒浓度达20.12mg·L-1时,随处理时间的增加,特定生长率、糖原和蛋白质含量逐渐下降,而SOD活性先上升后下降;在清水中恢复饲养7d后,鲫鱼幼苗特定生长率和SOD活性受到的抑制作用逐渐减弱,糖原和蛋白含量恢复至与对照组相比无显著差异。此外,微核试验表明夹竹桃皂甙对鲫鱼幼苗的微核率无影响。研究结果表明,夹竹桃皂甙对鲫鱼的毒性属低等毒性且未发现遗传毒性,但高浓度的皂甙能影响鲫鱼幼鱼的正常生理代谢,导致生长受到抑制,严重时可致其死亡。     

Correlation of hematology and plasma chemistry levels in silver crucian carp Carassius langsdorfii

ABSTRACT: The correlation between hematology and plasma chemistry was examined in natural silver crucian carp Carassius langsdorfii. Three microsatellite DNA markers identified five clonal lines. Blood was obtained from the caudal vessels and analyzed using automatic analysis systems. The correlation between several parameters including erythrocyte count (RBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), plasma glucose (Glu) and total protein (TP) was assessed by liner regression. Hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) as a function of the erythrocyte count, hematocrit as a function of the hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) as a function of the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) as a function of the mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and total protein as a function of triglyceride (TG) were positively correlated for the five clonal lines. Different regression slopes ( b -value) of RBC to Hgb and Hct were found among clonal lines, while no such differences were found among slopes of the remaining regression equation. This phenomenon suggests that the significantly different slopes among parameters, which indicated low genetic influence at the each parameter, clearly detected the genetic influences as the compound effect of these parameters.     

Microsatellite markers reveal population structure in gilthead sea bream Sparus auratus from the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea

ABSTRACT:   This study was carried out to investigate the genetic variability and the population genetics of Sparus auratus. In fact, despite its importance in Mediterranean fisheries and aquaculture, very little it is known concerning its population structure. Samples of wild gilthead sea bream were collected in seven different localities along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts and were genetically characterized by means of microsatellite markers. Genotyping at four microsatellite loci revealed high polymorphism (7–38 alleles/locus) and expected heterozygosities, which ranged from 0.80 to 0.85. A slight but significant population structure was found ( F _ST = 0.010). In fact, at least three populations of gilthead sea bream within the Western Mediterranean Sea were identified (Sardinian Sea, Sardinian Channel and Central Tyrrhenian Sea), which are also genetically differentiated from those of the Atlantic Ocean and the Adriatic Sea.     

鱼类生态防病技术试验

以生态防治为主，结合常规预防手段，对团头鲂、白鲫、白鲢等的出血病防治取得了预期效果，成活率分别达到88．35％、80．20％、88．96％。     

低浓度阿特拉津对鲫鱼超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响

将鲫鱼分别暴露于浓度为0、0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0和10.0mg·L-1的阿特拉津溶液中,在染毒后的第3、6、10、14、19和24d对1.0和10.0mg·L-1两个浓度组的鲫鱼进行取样;在实验结束时(24d)对所有浓度组进行取样,分别测定其肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中SOD活性,研究在不同作用时间和不同暴露浓度下,阿特拉津对鲫鱼肝脏、肾脏和肌肉SOD活性的影响。结果表明,阿特拉津能使鲫鱼肝脏、肾脏和肌肉SOD活性产生显著变化。在染毒后的第24d,各浓度组肝脏SOD活性均受到抑制,肾脏SOD活性均受到诱导,肌肉SOD活性在低浓度下受抑制,高浓度下被诱导;且在本实验所设浓度范围内,阿特拉津与肝脏SOD活性之间存在剂量-效应关系,与肾脏SOD活性在1.0～10.0mg·L-1范围内存在剂量-效应关系。在14～24d内,阿特拉津与肌肉SOD活性之间存在时间-效应关系,与肝脏和肾脏SOD活性之间在任何时间范围内都不存在明显的时间-效应关系,但在整个实验期内,1.0和10.0mg·L-1两个暴露浓度对同一器官SOD活性的影响具有相同的变化趋势。     

用显微注射法将绿色荧光蛋白基因导入金鱼受精卵中表达

采用显微注射法将绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因重组表达质粒导入金鱼受精卵中，以期获得能发绿色荧光的金鱼。结果显示，在注射的3批金鱼受精卵中（第一批4310粒，第二批3952粒，第三批4056粒），分别孵出鱼苗543、282和266尾，出苗率为17.02%、12.53%和13.52%，其中表达绿色荧光的金鱼分别为23、24和18尾，表达率为4.24%、8.51%和6.77%。荧光表达检测发现，从肌肉效应期就开始检测得到绿色荧光。     

不同方法灭活的哈维氏弧菌菌苗对异育银鲫的免疫原性比较

将哈维氏弧菌（Vibrio harveyi)制备成福马尔林灭活菌苗（formalin killed V.harveyi,F-VH)，苯酚灭活菌苗（phenol killed V.harveyi,P-VH)和热灭活菌苗（heat killed V.harveyi,H-VH)，以注射法接种异育银鲫（Carassius auratus gibelio)后，通过测定受免鱼血清中凝集抗体效价，头肾及血液中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性和杀菌活性，对用不同方法制备的3种灭活菌苗的免疫原性进行了比较。结果表明，3种不同方法制备的V.harveyi菌苗对异育银鲫均显示出较强的免疫原性，其中以F－VH的免疫原性最强，P－VH其次，而H－VH的免疫原性较弱。说明用福尔马林灭活V.Harveyi较用苯酚和热灭活方法更有利于保护V.harveyi菌体的有效抗原。