江南白鹅消化器官的早期生长发育特点及其相关性研究

为探究江南白鹅消化器官早期生长发育特点,通过饲养试验研究江南白鹅消化器官的生长发育规律及其与体重的相关关系,以期为江南白鹅及其他中型白鹅的饲料科学配制和科学饲养参考。结果表明：①4周龄时,各消化器官的长度或重量与9周龄时比较,十二指肠、空肠和回肠的长度和重量均达80%以上,盲肠达69%,胃重量达63%,肝脏重量达56%。0—4周中,第1周各消化器官的指数增长率最高,均达66%以上。②4周龄时,江南白鹅的十二指肠长度、空肠长度、空肠重量和腺胃重量与9周龄时体重呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）;其他指标与体重相关性不显著（P>0.05）。③整个生长期,江南白鹅消化器官的生长发育集中于前4周,肠道优先发育,随后是胃部,再其次是肝脏。消化器官的生长发育高峰期在第1周,且速度大于同期体重。空肠早期的生长发育情况与体重生长相关性最强。     

基于神经网络的多特征结合法鲫鱼质量估计

质量不同的鱼摄食能力不同,准确估计鱼体质量有利于水产养殖中鱼类精准投喂,避免饲料浪费及水体污染。首先使用1元硬币作为参照物采集鲫鱼图像和体重数据,其次对图像进行预处理,提取鲫鱼和硬币的特征值,最后采用BP神经网络、Elman神经网络以及Numpy库构建的神经网络实现多特征的鲫鱼质量估计。结果表明：使用BP和Elman神经网络估计鲫鱼质量时决定系数分别为0.925 6和0.906 4,均方误差分别为0.003 68和0.004 55。采用Numpy库构建的神经网络估计时决定系数值为0.823 7,均方误差值为0.008 1。因此,使用BPNN-面积-周长和Elman-面积-周长方法能够快速、准确地估计鱼体质量,实现水产养殖中鱼类的精准投喂,以及在鱼类被捕捞后根据质量进行分级,推进渔业现代化的进展。     

中华鳖群体间编码MHCⅠ类分子α2结构域基因的克隆及序列分析

2004年1月至2005年4月在江苏靖江市的长江沿岸用定置张网采集刀鲚261尾。清洗后的矢耳石在60℃烤箱中烘烤24h，干燥冷却后用电子天平称重，精确到0．01mg。成对t检验显示，左右矢耳石间的重量无显著差异（P〉0．05），选用左矢耳石为研究对象。用直线、幂函数和多项式等确定各类参数间的最佳拟合公式。结果表明，长江口刀鲚的耳石重量在不同年龄组间的重叠相对较少，大小相近的个体，年龄大即生长慢的比年龄小即生长快的耳石重量大，不同龄组间耳石重量有显著的差异（P〈0．05）。按年龄组以耳石重量与相应的体长作图，可初步判断所观测年龄的可靠性。分析耳石重量的频率分布，能分离出体长相近但年龄不同的个体，其结果与依据耳石年轮观测的基本一致，耳石重量与年龄呈显著的线性相关性（P〈0．05）。用该相关性估算年龄，与从耳石上直接读取的年龄并无显著差异（P〉0．05）。因此，矢耳石重量可以作为直接确定长江口刀鲚年龄或作为验证依据钙化组织判断年龄准确性的有效手段。     

灌喂必需氨基酸模式溶液对草鱼全鱼_省略_肌肉_肝胰脏蛋白质合成代谢的影响

采用大剂量食道灌喂DL－[4-^3H]-Phe，研究不同EAA模式下，20－30g体重草鱼种的全鱼和肌肉，肝胰脏的蛋白质合成代谢，结果表明：（1）分别缺乏Lys,Met,Trp Arg的4种极端不平衡EAA模式，同草鱼肌肉EAA模式即相对平衡的基础模式相比，肌肉，肝胰脏及全鱼的蛋白质合成速率（FSR）均显著降低，其降低程度高低依次为Met,Lys,Arg,Trp;(2)肝胰脏，肌肉人的蛋白质合成代谢与整体蛋白质合成代谢对EAA模式的改变产生相同的变化趋势，并且三者蛋白质合成代谢速率为肝胰脏＞全鱼＞肌肉；（3）EAA模式的Lys,Met,Trp,Arg4因素中，对肌肉，肝胰脏蛋白质合成速率影响最大的是Met,其余依次为Lys,Arg,Trp。     

Changes in tissue lipid levels in the freshwater catfishClarias batrachus associated with the reproductive cycle

The levels of free fatty acid (FFA), monoglyceride (MG), diglyceride (DG), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), free cholesterol (CF) and esterified cholesterol (CE) were measured in the liver, plasma, ovary, abdominal fat and muscle during different phases of the annual reproductive cycle in femaleClarias batrachus. During the preparatory phase, hepatic lipogenic activity predominated over mobilization and consumption. In the prespawning season, an increased hepatic lipogenic activity was maintained, but lipids were transferred from the liver to the ovary. In the spawning phase, the diminished food intake, and enhanced caloric demand for spawning behaviour and activity limited hepatic lipogenic activity, and TG lypolysis was increased as was the production of more FFA. Maximum accumulation of vitellogenin, as reflected by maximum rise in ovarian PL titre was characteristic of this phase. Marked reductions in ovarian lipid occurred during the postspawning phase. In the resting phase, there was a recovery of lipogenic activity, but PL synthesis was still inhibited. In contrast to other investigated teleosts, there were extremely high level of FFA in liver, plasma, ovary and muscle throughout the annual reproductive cycle inC. batrachus. FFA appears to be the main lipid metabolite which had a very high turnover. As evidenced by the high TG content, abdominal fat seems to be the main fat depot, not the liver and muscle.Correspondent author     

许氏平鮋消化道中部分消化酶的研究

对许氏平 (Sebastesschlegeli)消化道内的 5种与消化吸收有关的酶进行分布和活性测定。结果表明 ,(1)肠道各段均具很高碱性磷酸酶活性 ,最适 pH为 9.7。食道和胃几乎没有碱性磷酸酶活性。 (2 )消化道各部位均含酸性磷酸酶 ,肠道活性最高 ,自幽门盲囊起依次递降。食道和胃酸性磷酸酶活性明显低于肠 ,胃和肠酸性磷酸酶的最适 pH均为 5 .3。 (3)肠道中羧酸酯酶活性明显高于胃 ,且 2者羧酸酯酶最适 pH差别较大 ,分别为 8.4和 6 .8。(4)胃蛋白酶活性明显高于肠道 ,胃蛋白酶最适pH为 2 .6 ,肠蛋白酶最适 pH为 9.4。 (5 )胃淀粉酶活性明显低于肠道 ,胃淀粉酶最适 pH为 4 .6 ,肠道淀粉酶最适pH为 7.0。这表明许氏平对蛋白质的初步消化在胃中进行 ,在肠中进一步消化和吸收 ,而对糖类和脂类的消化和吸收主要在肠道进行     

Feeding juvenile Artemia enriched with ascorbic acid improves larval survival in the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii

Newly hatched Jasus edwardsii phyllosoma were fed unenriched Artemia [endogenous ascorbic acid (AA) concentration of 166 μg g^?1 dry weight (dw)], Artemia supplemented with algae (AA concentration 594 μg g^?1 dw) or with ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate (A2P) (AA concentration 11 737 μg g^?1 dw) to examine possible benefits of AA enhancement on culture. Plain or algal‐enriched Artemia were fed continuously for 28 days in two treatments during the study. Four other treatments received A2P‐enriched Artemia on a progressive basis starting from the commencement of the trial (D‐0), the third (D‐3), sixth (D‐6) or ninth day (D‐9) of Stage I (14 days) and similarly during Stage II (14 days). Prior to the commencement of A2P supplementation, plain Artemia were supplied to these animals. By Stage III (28 days feeding), algal, D‐0 and D‐3 phyllosoma had attained the largest size. The uptake and retention of AA by Stage III phyllosoma appeared to be dose‐dependent with the highest concentration of AA incorporation evident in D‐0 phyllosoma (1816 μg g^?1 dw), while algal and plain phyllosoma contained the lowest concentrations (600 and 300 μg g^?1 dw, respectively). Survival at Stage III was highest in D‐0 phyllosoma (89%) and lowest in plain phyllosoma (51%). There was a positive relationship between phyllosoma AA concentration and larval survival (R² = 0.8328, P < 0.0001). D‐0 phyllosoma had the lowest stress index when subjected to an osmotic/temperature activity test, indicative of better survival in culture compared to plain, algal and D‐9 phyllosoma, which had consistently higher indices. A negative relationship existed between phyllosoma AA concentration and stress indices at Stage III (R² = 0.9263, P < 0.0001), suggesting that AA from the Artemia diet conferred stress resistance.     

稀有白甲鱼含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

试验结果表明，稀有白甲鱼含肉率为69．92％；肌肉中蛋白质、脂肪和灰分含量分别为16．58％、2．05％、0．99％；肌肉中17种常见氨基酸（除色氨酸）总含量（占肌肉干重）为77．89％。其中必需氨基酸含量为36．27％，占氨基酸总含量的46．56％。必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸含量的比值为0．87。鲜味氨基酸含量为26．26％，占氨基酸总含量的33．70％。必需氨基酸指数为70．44。缬氨酸和异亮氨酸分别为第一、二限制性氨基酸。     

Lipids and fatty acids in wild and pond-reared mud crab Scylla serrata (Forsskål) during ovarian maturation and spawning

Wild‐caught and pond‐reared female mud crab Scylla serrata at different stages of ovarian maturation were collected from Samar and Capiz, Philippines. Crabs were categorized into five stages according to the external morphological and microscopic appearance of the most advanced oocytes. The ovaries, hepatopancreas, muscle and newly spawned eggs (NSE) were analysed for lipid class components and fatty acids. Total lipid was higher in pond‐reared than in wild‐caught crabs but increased with ovarian maturation in both groups. Ovarian lipid peaked at the fully mature stage, coinciding with a decline in hepatopancreatic and muscle lipids. Lipid levels declined significantly in spent females. The tissues contained elevated highly unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic (20:4n‐6), eicosapentaenoic (20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n‐3) acids, but at higher levels in late maturing and fully mature ovaries and in NSE. The type of lipid class and fatty acid components in mature ovaries as well as in NSE are generally considered to be indicative of their importance in reproductive physiology and embryonic and larval development.