Light and plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria effects on Brachiaria brizantha growth and phenotypic plasticity to shade

This is the first report on the effect of light intensity and plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the growth of a tropical forage grass, being a relevant study to improve pasture management in conventional farming and integrated crop‐livestock‐forestry systems. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the effects of light intensity and Burkholderia pyrrocinia and Pseudomonas fluorescens inoculation on Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã growth, and phenotypic plasticity to shade. The experiment was conducted in a semi‐controlled environment. Seedlings of B. brizantha were allocated to full sun and shade. P. fluorescens and B. pyrrocinia were inoculated individually or co‐inoculated by soil drench, 14 days after seedling emergence. We evaluated morphogenesis, structural and growth parameters. Irrespective of the light regime, co‐inoculated plants had greater leaf area and SPAD index (chlorophyll content). Increase in total biomass production in co‐inoculated plants was over 100% and 300%, under full sun and shade respectively. Co‐inoculated P. fluorescens and B. pyrrocinia increased shade tolerance in B. brizantha, improving plant performance. Co‐inoculation promoted growth in B. brizantha under both sun and shade, indicating its potential as a bio‐fertilizer in conventional and integrated systems, especially in silvopastoral systems, where light availability to pasture growth may be limited.     

水稻病原菌Burkholderia plantarii群体感应和群体淬灭研究进展

植物伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia plantarii是引起水稻秧苗细菌性立枯病的重要病原菌之一,其侵染性、繁殖力及适应性均很强,严重威胁中国水稻生产。文章围绕B.plantarii的发生、危害及致病机理,着重论述了细菌群体感应系统(quorum sensing,QS)的生理功能及其在B.plantarii致病力调控方面的最新研究进展,并进一步从根际微生物互作角度,综述了种间信号分子对病原菌群体淬灭(quorum quenching)的作用机制,同时结合种间信号分子的独特性,展望了其在新型微生物杀菌剂研发中的重要性和应用潜力。     

几株高效溶磷解钾药用稻内生固氮菌的筛选与鉴定

从药用稻(Oryza officinalis)中筛选具有高效溶磷解钾的内生固氮菌,在农业生产上具有很大的潜在应用价值.本研究以药用稻为材料,采用两种选择性无氮培养基结合乙炔还原法进行内生固氮菌的分离,利用平板筛选法从所分离的内生固氮菌中筛选出高效溶磷解钾菌,应用全细胞蛋白SDS-聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)对所筛选到的菌株进行快速聚类.选取每个类群的代表菌株进行16S rRNA基因序列测定及生理生化鉴定.通过钼锑抗比色法和四苯硼钠法测定其溶磷解钾量,同时通过接种水稻对其促生作用进行分析.结果表明,从药用稻中筛选到了4株具有高效溶磷解钾能力的内生固氮菌,其固氮酶活性在8.78～8.88 μmol C2H4/(mL·h)之间.SDS-PAGE全细胞蛋白电泳将4株菌聚为1个类群.16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析及理化鉴定表明,代表菌株yy01为久留里伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia kururiensis,菌株yy01发酵培养5d后,溶无机磷量达116.28mg/L,是参比菌株变栖克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella variicola)的2.73倍;解钾量达268.31 mg/L,是参比菌株变栖克雷伯氏菌的4.67倍.此外,yy01还具有分泌生长素等特性,接种水稻之后能明显的促进水稻的生长,其中水稻叶长增加了25.90％,根增长了42.30％,分蘖数增加了79.64％,鲜重增加了166.90％,氮、磷、钾的含量分别增加了61.54％、41.18％和54.05％.因此,从药用稻中筛选到的4株具有高效溶磷解钾能力的内生固氮菌是一类对农业生产有着重要意义的菌株.     

高耐镉细菌Burkholderia sp.DF3-1对镉的吸附特性及机理

基于前期从重金属矿区污染土壤中分离和鉴定的一株伯克霍尔德氏菌Burkholderia sp.DF3-1,分析其对环境中镉离子(Cd2+)的吸附特性.通过测定不同初始浓度、pH及培养时间下菌株对镉离子的去除效率,并利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察含镉环境对菌体细胞内外形态的影响,以及红外光谱和质粒消除实验测定菌体表面基团和初步...     

A diazotrophic, indole-3-acetic acid-producing endophyte from wild cottonwood

An endophytic bacterium, wild poplar strain B (WPB), isolated from stems of wild cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) was identified to Burkholderia vietnamiensis by analyzing the recA and rDNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the nifHDK cluster indicates that the WPB isolate shares high sequence similarity with known B. vietnamiensis strains. The nitrogenase activity of WPB was determined by a ¹⁵N₂ incorporation assay and an acetylene reduction assay. WPB was also monitored for production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a phytohormone which can promote plant growth, when incubated with l-tryptophan. In addition, its plant growth promotion capacity was assessed by inoculating the WPB strain onto Kentucky bluegrass in nitrogen-free medium. Compared to uninoculated control plants, the plants inoculated with WPB gained more dry weight (42%, p = 0.01) and more nitrogen content (37%, p = 0.04) in 50 days.     

免疫捕捉PCR和经典PCR方法检测水稻细菌性谷枯病菌灵敏性比较

将免疫吸附富集(ISE)和经典PCR结合以提高水稻细菌性谷枯病的检测效率,并且利用多克隆抗体技术成功地获得了4种抗血清,即抗Burkholderia glumae全菌体血清ASBg14,ASBg32,ASBg26和ASBg04,ODD法测定该4种抗血清的效价均达到1∶32以上,利用凝聚法测定的所有抗血清的效价也均达到了1∶5 120 以上,通过两种方法结合测定效价均显示为合格抗体。通过对4种抗血清的专化性进行研究,结果显示ASBg14和ASBg32专化性较高,抗血清ASBg26 和ASBg04专化性不是很理想。用直接PCR技术和免疫捕捉PCR技术检测谷枯病菌,结果表明,所有谷枯病菌都能产生500 bp左右的特异性片段,非谷枯病菌的8个菌株均无特异性片段产生。两种检测方法的灵敏度比较发现,直接PCR技术能检测到1×105 cfu·mL-1左右的悬浮液,免疫捕捉PCR技术能检测到103 cfu·mL-1 左右悬浮液,免疫捕捉PCR比直接PCR灵敏性提高102倍。检测人工接种的病稻种实验中,直接PCR技术能检测到2粒及以上带菌种子制得浸悬液,而免疫捕捉PCR技术仅1粒带菌种子即可。     

Management of bakanae and bacterial seedling blight diseases in nurseries by irradiating rice seeds with atmospheric plasma

The control of seedborne rice seedling diseases in the seed beds is important to avoid epidemics in rice nurseries and paddies, which may result in severe yield loss. Recently, irradiation with plasma containing electrons, creating positive or negative ions and neutral species, has been shown to have an antimicrobial effect, probably via generation of reactive oxygen species. This study examines whether two seedborne rice seedling diseases, bakanae disease caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi, and bacterial seedling blight caused by Burkholderia plantarii, are suppressed by irradiation of infected rice seeds with atmospheric plasma. Seed germination and seedling growth were not inhibited in plasma‐treated healthy seeds. When F. fujikuroi‐infected rice seeds were irradiated with plasma after being immersed in sterile distilled water, bakanae disease severity index and the percentage of plants with symptoms were reduced to 18.1% and 7.8% of non‐irradiated control, respectively, depending on the duration of plasma irradiation. The bacterial seedling blight disease index was also reduced by plasma irradiation in vacuum‐inoculated seeds to 38.6% of the non‐irradiated control, and in infected seeds harvested from spray‐inoculated heads of rice plants to 40.1% of the control. Therefore, plasma irradiation seems to be effective in controlling two independent seedborne rice seedling diseases.     

Role of Some Plant Growth Promotory Bacteria on Enhanced Fe Uptake of Wheat

The quest for plant growth promotory bacteria that can help in sustainable agriculture has increased in the recent years owing to increasing cost of fertilizers. In the present study, the potential of three isolated bacteria having plant growth promotory effects in mobilizing the indigenous soil iron (Fe) in two different varieties of wheat was evaluated. Three bacterial isolates belonging to the genera Burkholderia and Acinetobacter were evaluated singly and in combinations for Fe uptake of wheat in a net house study. Results showed that bacterial isolates when used in combination performed better in comparison to their individual use. These isolates significantly increased the mean Fe concentration in grains and straw by 34.0% and 52.4% over the uninoculated controls and also increased the total Fe uptake per pot in comparison to uninoculated controls. The bacterial inoculation also showed a positive impact on the bioavailability of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Fe in soil.     

Bacterial pathogens of rice in the Kingdom of Cambodia and description of a new pathogen causing a serious sheath rot disease

A study of rice diseases in Cambodia from 2005 to 2007 showed widespread occurrence of diseases caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae, Burkholderia gladioli, B. cepacia and Pantoea ananatis. This is the first report of these pathogens in Cambodia. Additionally, a pseudomonad causing a widespread disease similar to sheath brown rot (caused by Pseudomonas fuscovaginae) was isolated. The studied strains were pathogenic to rice cvs Sen Pidau and IR 66, producing similar, though slightly less severe, symptoms to those observed in the field. Based on comparative 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis, combined with cell wall fatty acid analysis and metabolic profiles, the isolated strains were allocated to the genus Pseudomonas. The novel species were differentiated from Pseudomonas fuscovaginae and P. putida by their inability to metabolize d ‐fructose, d ‐galactose, d ‐galactonic acid lactone, d ‐galacturonic acid, d ‐glucosaminic acid, d ‐glucuronic acid, p‐hydroxy phenylacetic acid, d ‐saccharic acid and urocanic acid. The major fatty acids were C_16:0, summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω7c and C_16:1ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c), representing 80% of the total. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences (1460 bp) were identical, except for two nucleotide changes amongst the six strains. Alignment of the causal strains within type‐culture databases revealed similarities of 99·7% with Pseudomonas parafulva AJ 2129^T, 99·2% with P. fulva IAM 1592^T, 98·9% with P. plecoglossicidia FPC 951^T, and 98·1% with P. fuscovaginae MAFF 301177^T. On the basis of data from this polyphasic study, it is proposed that the unknown strains isolated from rice represent a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas.     

吡咯伯克霍尔德氏菌JK-SH007的发酵条件及其对杨树溃疡病的防治效果

本文研究了拮抗细菌吡咯伯克霍尔德氏菌Burkholderia pyrrocinia菌株JK-SH007产抗菌物质的最佳发酵条件及其对杨树溃疡病的野外防治效果。结果表明,牛肉膏、蛋白胨是发酵培养基中最佳营养物质,有利于菌株JK-SH007抗菌物质的产生;培养基初始pH、培养时间、温度、培养体积、不同牛肉膏、蛋白胨组合等对菌株生长及其抗菌物质的产生有明显的影响,初始pH7、牛肉膏2g、蛋白胨20g、以1/2装液量装液、30℃振荡培养36h可获得较高产量的胞外分泌型抗菌物质;菌株JK-SH007的发酵液对杨树溃疡病的野外防效可达40.54%。