天然食品防腐剂作用机理研究进展

食品防腐一直是食品和畜产品加工业所面临的难题 ,在化学防腐剂和传统的物理除菌方法受到种种限制的同时 ,天然食品防腐剂的研究和应用进入了一个新领域 ,也逐渐显示其优势。本文从天然食品防腐剂的作用模式及其微生物对这些防腐剂的抗性机制出发 ,讨论既能满足消费者需求又能有效防腐的新的食品保护剂领域的趋向以及需要解决的问题     

围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍性疾病的防治进展

奶牛代谢性疾病给奶牛饲养业造成重大经济损失。因此 ,如何搞好奶牛的饲养管理 ,减少代谢病的发生 ,充分发挥其生产潜力 ,是当前奶牛代谢病防治工作中亟待解决的问题。本文主要阐述了围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍病的危害、病因及防治措施     

融合表达淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒和卵清白蛋白CD8+T细胞表位的减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的构建与鉴定

依据淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒(LCMV)主要保护性抗原CD8 T细胞表位VRRPQASGVYMGNLTAQ和卵清白蛋白(OVA)CD8 T细胞表位SIINFEKL,设计、合成两条编码LCMV和OVA CD8 T细胞表位的寡核苷酸片段,经退火后,克隆入绿色荧光蛋白表达质粒pYAGFP,经PCR扩增和序列测定分析,证实成功构建T细胞表位与绿色荧光蛋白融合表达的重组质粒pYAGFPL-O,将此重组质粒pYAGFPL-O转化减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌X4550,获得重组沙门氏菌X4550(pYAGFPL-O).用SDS-PAGE电泳测得重组菌表达的融合蛋白约为30kD.同时,荧光显微镜下观察到X4550(pYAGFPL-O)发出黄绿色荧光.这些结果表明LCMV和OVA T细胞表位已成功表达.重组菌X4550(pYAGFPL-O)的获得为研究沙门氏菌载体携带外源抗原的T细胞应答规律及调控机理打下了重要基础.     

Results from the treatment of advanced stage squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum in cats, using a combination of intralesional carboplatin and superficial radiotherapy: a pilot study

Six cats with an advanced stage squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasal planum were treated with a combination of superficial radiotherapy and intralesional carboplatin therapy. This multimodality protocol was well tolerated by the majority of cats and resulted in complete responses in all cats (100%). Median follow‐up for all cats is 268 days, and the median time‐to‐recurrence, time‐to‐progression and overall survival have not yet been reached. Our study, although limited in number of animals and with a relatively short median follow‐up compared to other studies for this disease, suggests that a combination of radiotherapy and intralesional carboplatin is a useful treatment option for an advanced stage SCC of the nasal planum in cats and warrants further application of the multimodality approach presented here.     

Footsteps from Insect Larvae Damage Leaf Surfaces and Initiate Rapid Responses

Plant resistance to insect herbivory involves gene expression in response to wounding and the detection of insect elicitors in oral secretions (Kessler and Baldwin, 2002, Ann. Rev. Plant/ Biol. 53: 299–328). However, crawling insect larvae stimulate the synthesis of 4-aminobutyrate within minutes and imprints of larval footsteps can be visualized within seconds through superoxide production or transient increases in chlorophyll fluorescence (Bown et al., 2002, Plant Physiol. 129: 1430–1434). Here cryo-scanning electron microscopy was used to demonstrate that larval feet, which are equipped with a perimeter row of hook-like crochets, damage leaf tissue and result in larval footprints. Staining for cell death shows that areas of wounding correspond to footsteps detected through increased chlorophyll fluorescence. Superoxide production in response to footsteps was inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium, an inhibitor of the plasma membrane NADPH oxidase enzyme. Inhibition of superoxide production, however, did not eliminate the detection of cell death. The results demonstrate that larval footsteps damage leaf tissue, and initiate rapid local responses which are not dependent on herbivory or oral secretions. It is proposed that superoxide production at the wound site prevents opportunistic pathogen infection.     

山羊生精上皮细胞分离研究

采用四种酶法分离二月龄关中奶山羊生精上皮细胞,A组:胶原酶Ⅳ;B组:胶原酶Ⅳ +透明质酸酶;C组:胶原酶Ⅳ+透明质酸酶+胰蛋白酶与EDTA;D组:胶原酶Ⅳ+透明质酸酶+胰蛋白酶与EDTA+DnaseI。结果二月龄羔羊曲细精管主要包含Sertoli细胞、精原细胞和管周排列的肌样细胞。每 200mg睾丸实质收获生精上皮细胞总数 (×105 )A,B,C,D组分别为 6. 91±0. 68, 6. 67±0. 80, 5. 94±0. 81, 5. 74±0. 82;细胞存活率 (% )分别为 76. 82±3. 80, 75. 96±1. 61, 94. 19±2. 89, 92. 32±1. 97;圆形细胞比率 (% )分别为 17. 54±1. 68, 16. 70±1. 46, 23. 64±1. 72, 22. 90±2. 38;细胞贴壁率(% )分别为 5. 93±0. 36, 5. 81±0. 54, 26. 94±1. 54, 25. 00±1. 74。C,D组不但组织块解离效果及细胞离散程度均较A,B好,且原代培养细胞团块数少。多重比较C,D组显著优于A,B组 (P<0.05);C组与D组差异不显著(P>0.05),但与A,B组比较细胞存活率、圆形细胞比率及贴壁率差异极显著(P<0.01)。结论认为C组是较简单有效的山羊生精上皮细胞分离酶组合。     

黄羽肉鸡育肥期维生素A、E适宜添加量研究

选体重和脚胫颜色度接近的56日龄黄羽肉鸡共960只,随机分为16个处理组,每处理60只鸡。采用双因子4×4水平的随机试验设计,4个维生素A添加水平(0、5000、10000、20000IU/kg)和4个维生素E添加水平(0、30、60、120IU/kg)。结果表明:在维生素A0～10000IU/kg、维生素E0～60IU/kg范围内,黄羽肉鸡的日增重和饲料报酬逐渐提高;日粮维生素A添加量超过10000IU/kg,血浆中维生素E含量有下降趋势。高水平维生素A(20000IU/kg),升高血浆TBARS值,大剂量维生素E(120IU/kg),提高机体脂质稳定性。日粮添加20000IU/kg维生素A对色素的沉积有抑制作用,随维生素E水平的上升,皮肤的颜色指数呈现上升趋势。维生素A和E含量及其互作对血清新城疫抗体效价有显著影响。综合考虑,黄羽肉鸡育肥期维生素A、E的适宜添加量分别为5000～10000IU/kg,30～60IU/kg。     

鸡抗球虫药的体外筛选综述

抗鸡球虫药的筛选分为体内筛选和体外筛选。体外筛选具有简易、迅速、准确和经济的优点。本文在前人大量工作的基础上，总结了体外筛选的全过程，并分述了细胞培养筛选法和鸡胚培养筛选法。     

HBV/HAV复合抗原基因在CHO细胞中的表达

为探讨HBV／HAV复合疫苗的可行性，利用DNA重组技术将HBsAg与HAW复合多表位抗原基因VPX进行融合，插入到真核表达质粒pVAX1多克隆位点，构建成核酸表达疫苗pVAX1／SVPX，将其转染CHO细胞。转染细胞培养48h后，进行RTPCR、Western-blot、ELISA分析，结果表明HBV／HAV复合抗原基因SVPX能够在CHO细胞内转录、表达，融合蛋白具有HBV和HAV抗原的特性。     

北京油鸡胚胎成纤维细胞系建立与生物学特性研究

采取组织块直接培养法，对北京油鸡胚胎组织进行原代和继代培养，成功地建立了成纤维细胞系。并对培养细胞进行了形态学、细胞生长动力学观察，以及核型和乳酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶的同工酶分析。结果表明，该细胞系的群体倍增时间(PDT)为24h；细胞染色体中二倍体占主体，为76％～88％；乳酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶电泳图谱与本室其它细胞系有明显差别；细菌、真菌、病毒、支原体检测呈阴性。该细胞系的建立，使北京油鸡这一国家重要种质资源在细胞水平上保存下来，也为基因组文库和体细胞克隆等研究提供了理想的生物材料。