猪脱碘酶3基因定位及对生产性状的潜在影响

为确定猪脱碘酶3(DIO3)基因能否作为某些生产性状的候选基因,本研究设计猪DIO3基因特异引物,采用辐射杂种细胞系,将其定位在猪7号染色体微卫星SW764附近。通过比较猪QTL数据库,发现该座位存在7个分别影响猪肌纤维直径、内脂率、胴体长、胴体质量、皮质醇水平调控的QTL,结果表明DIO3基因可作为猪肉质性状、胴体性状和应激相关性状的候选基因。     

K-Domain Splicing Factor OsMADS1 Regulates Open Hull Male Sterility in Rice

We identified the rice floral organ development mutant, termed as open hull and male sterile 1(ohms1), from the progeny of the indica restorer line Zhonghui 8015 treated with 60 Co γ-ray irradiation. The ohms1 mutant exhibited an open hull and lemma- and palea-like structure conversion between the anthers and stigma, which resulted in the ohms1 mutant spikelet showing ‘tridentate lemma'. The ohms1 mutant was entirely sterile but had 60%–70% fertile pollen. Genetic analysis and gene mapping showed that ohms1 was controlled by a single recessive gene, and the mutant gene was fine-mapped to a 42-kb interval on the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers KY2 and KY29. Sequence analysis of the four open reading frames in this region revealed that the mutant carried a single nucleotide transformation(A to G) at the last base of the fifth intron, which was likely corresponded to ohms1 phynotype, in an MIKC type MADS-box gene OsMADS1(LOC_Os03g11614). Enzyme digestion and c DNA sequencing further indicated that the variable splicing was responsible for the deletion of the sixth exon in ohms1, but no structural changes in the MADS domain or amino acid frame shifts appeared. Additionally, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analysis showed that the OsMADS1 expression level decreased significantly in the ohms1 mutant. The expression levels of rice flowering factors and floral glume development-related genes also changed significantly. These results demonstrate that OsMADS1 may play an important role in rice floral organ development, particularly in floral glume development and floret primordium differentiation.     

RL3(t),Responsible for Leaf Shape Formation,Delimited to a 46-kb DNA Fragment in Rice

Two mutants with rolled leaves, temporally designated as rl3(t)-1 and rl3(t)-2, were served for exploring the mechanism underlying the rolled leaf characteristic. Except for having typical rolled leaves, the plant heights and panicle lengths of rl3(t)-1 and rl3(t)-2 significantly decreased, and the seed-setting rate also decreased when compared with wild type 93-11. Cytological analysis suggested that the rolled leaf phenotype might be caused by the changes of number and size of bulliform cells. Genetic analysis indicated rl3(t)-1 is allelic to rl3(t)-2, and controlled by a recessive gene. Gene mapping result indicated that RL3(t) gene resided in a 46-kb long region governed by the sequence tag site markers S3-39 and S3-36 on rice chromosome 3. The result provides an important clue for further cloning the RL3(t) and understanding the mechanism of rice leaf development.     

番茄抗黄化曲叶病基因y-5分子标记及遗传分析

以番茄抗黄化曲叶病毒ty-5基因的抗病材料‘13072’（亚洲蔬菜研究与发展中心提供）和感病材料‘13493’（早粉2号）为亲本配置杂交组合,获得F1、F2、BC1P1和BC1P2 4个世代,对番茄黄化曲叶病抗性基因ty-5进行遗传规律分析和基因定位研究。结果表明,抗性基因ty-5为隐性基因控制。利用657株F2分离单株,应用群体分离分析（BSA）法筛选得到与ty-5基因连锁的5个多态性SSR标记,构建了ty-5基因的分子标记连锁图谱,将ty-5基因定位到番茄4号染色体上,物理距离为737 kb的区段内,两侧翼标记为TES2461和TGS4151,与ty-5遗传距离分别为2.4 cM和3.1 cM。生物信息学分析表明,该区段存在52个预测候选基因。     

Pyramiding of partial disease resistance genes has a predictable,but diminishing,benefit to efficacy

Partial resistance genes often need to be ‘pyramided’ into a crop cultivar to obtain commercially acceptable levels of disease resistance. Analysis of data from four different wheat mapping populations, segregating for partial resistance to four contrasting foliar pathogens, showed a diminishing benefit to disease control from increasing the numbers of resistance loci in wheat lines. To test whether a general function could describe the efficacy benefit from pyramiding, a simple multiplicative survival model (MSM) was used to predict disease severities on mapping population lines carrying various combinations of two, three or four resistance loci. The effectiveness of each resistance locus was expressed as the disease severity in lines carrying resistance alleles at one locus, as a proportion of the severity in lines carrying no detectable resistance alleles. The predicted severity from any given combination of multiple resistance loci was calculated as the product of the proportional severities for the relevant single loci. A regression line fitted to transformed observed against predicted values explained 93% of the variation, with a slope and intercept not significantly different from 1 and 0, respectively. MSM may therefore provide a simple method to test contrasting types of partial resistance and search for synergistic combinations. The analysis suggests that diminishing returns are a general feature of partial resistance to foliar pathogens in wheat, a finding that is likely to apply to other crop pathosystems. Identifying and combining ever more QTL is likely to provide limited gains. The consequences of these findings for QTL analysis are described.     

木薯抗寒性及相关性状基因定位研究综述

木薯(ManihotesculentaCrantz)在热带亚热带地区有重要的食用价值、生物能源价值、遗传价值和生态价值,深受国内外学者重视。近年来木薯被用于生产燃料乙醇,逐渐成为一种重要的生物能源,木薯的需求量与日俱增。但是生产实践表明,限制木薯生产的主要因素是栽培品种抗寒性低。发掘木薯抗寒相关性状基因,选育抗寒的种质资源,是提高木薯抗寒性的重要途径。为了对木薯抗寒性开展更加全面的研究,归纳了国内外木薯抗寒性及相关性状基因定位的研究进展,探索木薯抗寒基因相关性状的遗传规律,同时结合中国的情况,提出今后研究的方向,为今后木薯抗寒研究提供依据。     

甘蓝型油菜分枝数QTL定位及其候选基因预测

分枝数是影响油菜产量的重要株型性状之一。为了有助于油菜分枝数的分子标记辅助育种,以甘蓝型油菜品系888-5(多分枝)和M083(少分枝)杂交形成的重组自交系(RIL)群体为材料,通过利用第一张油菜60KSNP芯片对群体进行高通量SNP分型,并结合单环境和多环境2种QTL检测方法对RIL群体在4个环境(武汉-2012、武汉-2013、扬州-2012和扬州-2013)下分枝数进行QTL定位。结果表明:共检测出18个分枝数QTL,分布于A2、A6、A7、C1和C4连锁群。其中11个QTL在2个以上环境下可重复检测到;有2个QTL与环境之间存在互作效应。主效QTL 2个(qBN2-3和qBNE2-1),分别在3个、4个环境下重复检测到,可解释的表型变异为13.12%~20.60%,2.80%~30.10%。qBNE2-1与环境存在互作效应。另外,通过利用SNP标记侧翼序列和油菜基因组比对作图,从3个QTL(qBN2-1、qBN7-6和q BN7-8,三者可解释的表型变异分别为19.40%~17.30%、5.70%~12.21%和7.88%~10.32%)的基因组区段内(分别为279kb、165kb和562kb)共筛选出4个与分枝数有关的候选基因,它们的拟南芥同源基因(分别为CUC2、PIN3、F23N20.8和PIN4)均参与拟南芥分枝数的分化或形态建成。     

小麦种质WS4-8苗期抗条锈性遗传分析及分子作图

条锈病是小麦生产中的主要病害之一,研究和利用抗病种质是小麦抗条锈病育种的基础.为明确小麦体细胞无性系4-8(WS4-8)的抗条锈病基因及其遗传规律,用条锈菌生理小种CYR33对WS4-8和感病品种铭贤169及其杂交后代群体进行了苗期接种鉴定和抗条锈基因遗传分析.结果表明,WS4-8对CYR33表现抗病,其抗性由1对显性基因控制.利用BSA法对构建的F2代遗传作图群体进行了SSR标记分析,标记Xgpw5281、Xcfd35和Xgwm341与抗性基因具有连锁关系,且都为共显性标记,与抗病基因之间的遗传距离分别为6.8、7.2和21.8 cM.根据作图结果,将WS4-8所携带的对CYR33的抗条锈病基因定位于小麦3DS染色体上.基于该基因的作图位置与分子标记结果,认为该基因可能是一个新的抗条锈病基因,暂命名为YrWS4-8.     

大豆分子标记研究新进展

随着功能基因组学和高通量测序技术的发展和应用,以分子标记辅助选择育种和转基因育种为主要手段的生物育种技术越来越引起大豆育种家的重视。特别是伴随着新技术手段(如e QTL分析、GWAS分析、RNA-seq等)的发展,分子标记和QTL研究越来越趋向于高通量新标记开发、QTL精细定位以及新分析方法的应用等方面,进而推动了优质、多抗大豆新品种的培育,加快了大豆育种进程。为此,就2013年国内外大豆分子标记技术及其应用研究进展进行综述。     

基于Web GIS的中国外来入侵物种地理分布信息系统的设计与开发

以中国外来入侵物种及其安全性考察取得的原始调查数据为基础,针对外来入侵物种调查协作中数据管理与共享利用等方面的需求,完成了系统技术架构、数据库及系统功能设计,开发实现了入侵生物分布调查数据查询、属性数据浏览、专题图生成、地图操作等功能。本文分析了入侵生物的主要数据来源、描述了基于物种编目的数据模型、介绍了基于SOA架构的Web GIS技术方案及系统的主要功能,并对系统的优势、不足及今后拓展应用的方向进行讨论。