Influence of food availability, predator density and forest fragmentation on nest survival of New Zealand robins

The decline of avian populations in fragmented landscapes is often attributed to a decrease in nest survival rates for species breeding within these habitats. We tested whether fragment size and connectivity, livestock grazing, predator density or invertebrate biomass were correlated with nest survival rates for an endemic New Zealand species, the North Island robin (Petroica longipes). Across three breeding seasons (2002-2005) daily nest survival rate for the 203 robin nests monitored in 15 forest fragments was 0.315 (SE 0.003), with nest survival rates increasing with invertebrate biomass (indexed with pitfall traps) and marginally decreasing with fragment size. Footprint tracking rates for exotic ship rats (Rattus rattus), which are likely to be the key nest predator, varied greatly among fragments, but were not a useful predictor of nest survival. We found no relationship between the number of fledglings per successful nesting attempt and invertebrate biomass. We conclude that fragment size and connectivity does not appear to be negatively influencing robin nest survival, potentially because of the already high impact that mammalian nest predators have in this unique system.     

基于性诱和物联网的草地贪夜蛾成虫种群动态智能化监测

为实现田间草地贪夜蛾成虫种群动态的智能化监测,本研究对本文作者前期研发的基于性诱和物联网的害虫智能监测设备进行了田间应用和评估。研究发现,该智能监测设备的实时采集数据和人工计数数据所反映的草地贪夜蛾高峰期均为9月20日-9月22日、10月14日-10月22日和11月4日-11月6日,自动计数的平均准确率达75.03%;桶形诱捕器仅监测到9月20日-9月22日和10月14日-10月22日这2个高峰期,但整个监测期间桶形诱捕器诱集到的草地贪夜蛾种群数量与智能监测设备监测到的种群数量没有差异(Z=-0.784,P=0.433)。此外,该智能监测设备的实时监测数据表明：草地贪夜蛾成虫具有明显的昼夜活动节律,而且受环境温度影响较大。当日平均温度≥16℃时,大多在18:00后开始活动,晚上12点左右达到活动高峰期;当日平均温度<16℃时,草地贪夜蛾成虫整体活动性不强,但在16:00-16:59和23:00-00:59出现两个活动小高峰期。以上结果表明,基于性诱和物联网的智能化监测可以用于草地贪夜蛾的远程实时测报。     

Spatial and temporal diversity of fish captured by light traps in various habitats in coastal waters in the oldest marine protected area in Vietnam and its implications for conservation

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