乐果亚长期暴露对大鼠肝脏氧化应激的影响

本试验旨在研究乐果(Dimethoate)对大鼠的毒性作用,探讨乐果中毒的氧化应激机制.将24只SD大鼠分成对照组和3个染毒组,分别以0、1、6、30 mg/kg体质量剂量灌服乐果,连续灌服30 d后,测定血浆和肝脏胆碱酯酶(ChE)活性及肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,并观察肝脏组织学和超微结构变化.结果显示,乐果染毒后大鼠血浆和肝脏ChE活性均极显著降低(P<0.01);大鼠肝脏SOD活性呈上升趋势,而GSH-Px、CAT活性随染毒剂量增加呈先下降后上升趋势;各染毒组肝脏MDA含量均呈上升趋势;组织学和超微结构检查显示肝细胞脂肪变性、凋亡等.结果表明.大鼠乐果持续染毒可以诱导机体脂质过氧化增强,并导致肝脏结构损伤,说明氧化应激在乐果的肝脏毒性中发挥重要作用.     

嗜温气单胞菌的鉴定及其外膜蛋白型研究

从病鳖、鳗鱼体内分离到2株嗜温气单胞菌(TAh-3、EAs-1),经形态学观察、生理生化特性等鉴定,确定TAh-3为嗜水气单胞菌,EAs-1为温和气单胞菌。动物感染试验结果表明,TAh-3株为致病性嗜水气单胞菌,对鲫鱼的致死率100%,EAs-1株为非致病性温和气单胞菌。SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示,TAh-3株外膜蛋白(OMPs)型由7条蛋白带组成,其中1条主带大小为40.0kDa;EAs-1株OMPs型由8条蛋白带组成,其中2条主带大小为38.0kDa、45.0kDa。     

3种岩石边坡护坡植物叶片质膜透性和可溶性糖含量对低温胁迫的响应

以野生岩生植物金发草(Pogonatherum paniceum)和丛毛羊胡子草(Eriophorum comosum)为研究材料,以目前最常用的护坡植物之一狗牙根(Cynodon dactlylon)作为对照,研究低温胁迫下两种野生岩生植物叶片质膜透性和可溶性糖含量的变化情况。结果表明:在低温(0,-5,-10,-15,-20℃)胁迫下,随着温度的降低,丛毛羊胡子草、金发草和狗牙根等3种植物的电解质渗出率均增大,可溶性糖含量均增加;在5种处理温度下,丛毛羊胡子草电解质渗出率均低于金发草和狗牙根,而可溶性糖含量均高于金发草和狗牙根;半致死温度均低于金发草和狗牙根;3种植物的电解质渗出率在12月低于8月,而可溶性糖含量则相反,即12月高于8月。这一结果说明3种植物中丛毛羊胡子草的抗寒性最强,且自然温度缓慢降低有利于3种植物抗寒能力的诱导和提高。     

微波预处理对镉胁迫引起小麦幼苗脂质过氧化伤害的防护作用

采用水培试验在150 μmol/L Cd2+溶液胁迫下研究外源微波预处理对小麦幼苗生长和生理特性的影响.试验结果表明:①镉胁迫下,小麦幼苗生长受到抑制,叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量及超氧自由基(·O2-)产生速率显著增加(P＜0.05),抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化物质含量及叶绿素含量显著降低.②微波预处理5s和10s均能显著提高镉胁迫下小麦幼苗的生长;同时抑制镉胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片MDA含量、H2O2含量及超氧自由基(·O2-)产生速率的上升,显著提高(P＜0.05)超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,增加谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗坏血酸(AsA)、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素及叶绿素(a+b)含量.表明外源微波预处理可缓解镉胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的抑制作用,缓解镉胁迫引起的膜脂过氧化,保护细胞膜减少或免受损伤,提高植物抗镉胁迫的能力.     

Effect of Two Pretreatment Techniques on Preventing Membrane Fouling

Ultrafiltration membrane was used to filter the Yangtze River water by powder activated carbon (PAC) pretreated, such as Tai Lake water by coagulation-sedimentation pretreatment. The changes of organic polar content were compared in each process. Combined with the scanning electron microscope(SEM) photographs of the membrane, the mechanism of slowing down membrane fouling by PAC and coagulation-sedimentation pretreatment was studied. The results showed that hydrophobic organic compounds were the main factors of membrane fouling, while hydrophilic organics had less impact. When the dosing quantity of PAC filtered by ultrafiltration membrane was 20 mg/L to pre-treat the water samples of Yangtze River, and that of polyaluminium chloride was 25 mg/L for the pretreatment of Tai Lake water samples, the flux could be recovered effectively after backwashing compared with filtering the two raw water directly. The cake layer formed on the surface of the membrane was looser after pretreatment, and could be discharged easily by periodic backwashing, The cake layer could prevent hydrophobic organic matters deposit on the surface of membrane directly, which will slow down the membrane fouling and improve the chemical safety of the membrane effluent.     

CO2加富、高温处理对温室嫁接黄瓜幼苗质膜透性和保护酶活性的影响

通过CO2加富、高温处理,对温室嫁接黄瓜幼苗的细胞膜透性及保护酶活性等内在生理指标进行测定分析,旨在为黄瓜抗热高产的理论提供理论依据。结果表明,经高温处理,嫁接黄瓜幼苗的质膜透性、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)含量明显增加,且高于对照,差异极显著;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈先增后减变化趋势,变化极明显。CO2加富、高温处理,嫁接黄瓜幼苗的质膜透性、Pro、MDA含量均呈先增后减的趋势,在处理第6天低于对照;SOD、POD、CAT活性均呈上升趋势,且比高温处理要强。CO2加富、常温处理,温室嫁接黄瓜幼苗的质膜透性、Pro、MDA含量均低于对照,SOD、POD、CAT活性均高于对照,且低于高温处理。说明增加CO2浓度,有效地减弱了高温对嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片引起的伤害,提高了嫁接黄瓜植株防御高温的能力,对温室嫁接黄瓜耐热性具有促进作用。     

Fatty acid composition, oxidative stability and sensory quality of meat from broiler chicken fed autolysate from bacteria grown on natural gas

Bacterial autolysate, a down stream product of bacterial biomass grown on natural gas by mainly the methanotrophic bacteria Methylococcus capsulatus, was fed at 8% as is to broiler chickens from 1 to 35 days of age for studies of fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation and sensory quality of thigh meat stored frozen for 6 month at -18 °C or -80 °C. Lipid oxidation was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and volatile profile by dynamic headspace gas chromatography. Adding bacterial autolysate to diets did not affect the total content of saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids in thigh meat, but increased the levels of C14:0, C16:0, C18:0 and C16:1n-7 and reduced the levels of C18:1n-7, C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 fatty acids. Feeding of bacterial autolysate tended (p < 0.08) to reduce TBARS of meat samples. Contents of volatiles were generally low, but feeding of bacterial autolysate significantly reduced levels of butanal (p < 0.04) and tended to reduce levels of hexanal (p < 0.11), pentanal (p < 0.09), 1-penten-3-ol (p < 0.08) and butanone (p < 0.08). Bacterial autolysate had no effects on sensory quality parameters of meat related to odour and flavour. To conclude, adding bacterial autolysate to diets did not affect the relative proportion of saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids, but reduced content of volatiles in frozen-stored broiler meat. The reduced susceptibility to lipid oxidation in broiler meat may be related to antioxidant properties of the bacterial autolysate.     

The effect of supplementation of clove and agrimony or clove and lemon balm on growth performance, antioxidant status and selected indices of lipid profile of broiler chickens

The study investigated the effects of diet supplementation with 1% clove flower buds powder combined with either 0.2% lemon balm extract or 0.2% agrimony extract (each of the two pulverized extracts supplied through drinking water) on body weight of broilers, total feed intake, feed conversion ratio and the carcass yield, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px, EC 1.11.1.9) in blood, concentration of sulfhydryl (?SH) groups, malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin A and E, low‐density lipoproteins in the blood plasma, serum cholesterol, total lipids, triglycerides and high‐density lipoproteins in broiler chickens at 42 days of age. On the day of hatching, 120 male and female broilers of Cobb 500 were randomly divided into three groups. The control group (1st group) of broilers received a basal diet (BD) without any feed and water additive. Both experimental groups of chicks were fed BD enriched with clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) powder at a dose of 10 g/kg DM for 42 days. Moreover, either lemon balm (Mellisa officinalis L.) extract or agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria L.) extract diluted with drinking water (2:1000) was given to broilers in the 2nd and 3rd group respectively. The results indicated that feeding the diets enriched with selected herbal supplements failed to affect the growth performance of broiler chickens at 42 days of age. In addition, this supplementation had no influence on the activities of SOD and GSH‐Px, concentration of vitamin A and selected lipid metabolism indices. On the other hand, we observed beneficial effects on some indices of the antioxidant status (increased concentration of ?SH groups and vitamin E, decreased concentration of MDA) in the blood of broilers in both experimental groups in comparison with the control group of chickens (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a slightly better antioxidant capacity was found in the blood of broilers supplied the combination of clove and lemon balm compared to clove and agrimony (vitamin E, 11.26 ± 0.73 vs. 9.73 ± 0.64 μmol/L, p < 0.05 respectively). It could be concluded that supplementation of the diet with clove flower buds powder combined with lemon balm extract or agrimony extract dissolved in drinking water has a potential to increase the antioxidant status but fails to influence either the growth performance or the selected lipid metabolism indices of broilers at the age of 42 days.     

山合欢种子超干燥贮藏的生理生化效应

采用正交设计从种子含水量、包装方法、保存温度和预回湿方法4个因素来探索山合欢种子超干燥保存的可行性。用硅胶将种子脱水至1.42%～6.35%6个含水量梯度,结合不同处理密封保存1年,随后测定发芽率和一些生理生化指标,包括相对电导率(RC)、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、可溶性总糖含量和脂肪酸组分。结果表明:种子含水量和预回湿方法对发芽率有显著影响,超干种子与未经超干处理的种子相比,发芽率有明显提高;超干种子发芽率与相对电导率和丙二醛含量呈显著负相关,与脯氨酸含量和3种抗氧化酶活性呈显著正相关;超干种子的油酸和α-亚麻酸含量比对照提高。适宜的超干处理能使抗氧化酶活性增强,使不饱和脂肪酸和可溶性总糖的含量增加,从而减缓种子生活力下降。     

敌百虫对体外培养大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞凋亡的影响

为探讨敌百虫对大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞的毒性作用及机理,本研究在建立体外培养新生24h内SD大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞模型的基础上,在细胞培养液中添加0、5、20、80mg/L敌百虫染毒,在染毒后的不同时间测定细胞凋亡率、线粒体膜电位、细胞内[Ca2＋]i、ROS含量和ATP酶的变化。结果显示：①染毒12h,细胞凋亡率明显增加;②染毒12h,各染毒组线粒体膜电位逐渐降低,其中80mg/L组与对照组存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）;③染毒0.5h,各染毒组细胞内[Ca2＋]i显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）;染毒12h,各染毒组细胞内[Ca2＋]i呈下降趋势,但仍显著或极显著高于对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;④染毒12h和24h,细胞内ROS水平显著或极显著高于对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;⑤染毒12h,细胞Na＋-K＋-ATPase和Ca2＋-Mg2＋-ATPase活性逐渐降低,20、80mg/L组与对照组有极显著差异（P〈0.01）;上述指标的变化呈显著的剂量-效应关系。结果表明,低质量浓度敌百虫暴露可致大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞凋亡率和细胞内ROS含量升高,线粒体膜电位下降,细胞内钙离子超载且ATPase活性降低,提示细胞凋亡在敌百虫所致的大脑皮质神经细胞损伤过程中发挥主导作用。