贵阳市云岩区城市功能发育与定位

从贵阳市云岩区的经济发展背景出发,阐述云岩区如何进一步拓展和完善中心城区的功能,发挥其“增长极”效应,使之成为推动经济和社会发展的主轴心.重点分析其城市功能发育现状：经济实力居全市主导地位;第三产业优化提升;二产稳步增长;招商引资成绩突出.并对其未来5年及今后一段时期的城市功能定位提出了一些新思路：把云岩建成贵阳市经济商务中心、现代化物流中心、宜居宜创业的人居中心;贵州省的先进制造技术加工的重要发展基地;集旅游、会展、比赛服务为一体的重要城区.     

直流电机驱动农用履带机器人轨迹跟踪自适应滑模控制

为了提高农用履带机器人轨迹跟踪控制的性能,将履带机器人模型视为由电机驱动方程和运动方程组成的级联系统,在考虑了履带机器人运动学模型和电机驱动模型动态特性的基础上,构建了一种变倾斜参数的自适应积分滑模切换函数,基于这个函数设计了由等效控制和切换控制组成的自适应滑模控制,将机器人的位姿误差以及在线辨识的驱动电机时变不确定参数反馈至控制器中,计算出左右轮驱动电机的期望角速度,控制履带机器人运行。田间试验结果表明,当机器人分别以1,3,4 m/s速度运行时,在运动方向距离误差、侧向距离误差和航向角的误差分别在-0.04~0.04 m,-0.09~0.07 m和-0.03~0.05 rad范围内。因此,基于电机驱动的机器人自适应滑模控制具有良好的控制精度,能够满足田间实际作业的要求。     

导叶出口边位置对井用潜水泵性能的影响

为研究空间导叶出口边位置对井用潜水泵性能的影响规律,该文针对250QJ125型5级井用潜水泵,在其他几何参数均给定的条件下,通过沿轴向改变原始导叶的出口边位置,使其既满足与旋转轴线垂直又与半径线重合,设计了6个模型方案。基于雷诺时均N-S方程和RNG k-ε模型,采用SIMPLE算法对6个模型方案进行全流道三维数值模拟,获得各方案的扬程与效率,发现导叶出口边位置沿轴向延伸30 mm时,为最佳改进方案,此时模型泵水力效率提升1.2%,扬程增加6.8 m。同时根据各方案在设计工况下外特性的计算结果,提取各方案第1~5级的叶轮数据,发现原方案与最佳改进方案相比,首级叶轮水力效率、扬程基本相同,原方案的其余次级叶轮效率、扬程与其首级相比差距较大,最佳方案的其余次级叶轮效率与首级叶轮基本持平,扬程下降1 m,但是相比于原方案的其余各级扬程,均大约提升了2.2 m。最后分析了各方案在导叶出口截面上的内流场,结果表明:导叶出口边位置沿轴向延伸可改变液流在导叶出口处的流态,使其呈分散旋转流动,分散旋涡的数量与导叶叶片数相同;当导叶出口边延伸至适当位置时,能够减小下级叶轮的入口环量及冲击损失,改善导叶与下级叶轮之间的匹配关系。     

滴灌均匀性对土壤水分传感器埋设位置的影响

合理选择土壤水分传感器埋设位置以减少监测点密度和成本,是基于无线传感器网络制定灌溉处方图亟待解决的一个关键问题。该研究基于土壤含水率时间稳定性原理,将直接代表平均土壤含水率的点位用于土壤水分传感器布设位置点的选取,在水平方向分布均匀,垂直剖面土壤颗粒组成变异程度随土层深度增加的粉壤土田块内分析了低、中、高灌水均匀系数(分别为0.6、0.8和0.97)对春玉米主要根系层土壤含水率空间分布均匀性和时间稳定性的影响。结果表明,春玉米生育期内,随灌水均匀系数降低,土壤含水率空间分布均匀度降低,但低、中、高灌水均匀系数处理的土壤含水率均匀系数均大于0.81;低、中、高灌水均匀系数处理的平均Spearman秩相关系数均达到了显著水平(P0.05),但土壤含水率空间分布结构相似性随灌水均匀度的增加而减小;对高灌水均匀系数处理,0~0.2、0.2~0.4、0.4~0.6、0.6~0.8 m土层直接代表平均土壤含水率的测点比例分别为83%、78%、53%和86%。随灌水均匀系数降低,各土层直接代表平均土壤含水率的测点数量减少,说明土壤水分传感器随机布设引起的测量误差将随滴灌灌水均匀度的减小而增大。     

Effects of commercial thinning,log position in the stem,and cutting width on the surface quality of cants produced by a chipper-canter

Fifteen stems of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) of 3 commercial thinned plots (control, moderate, and intensive thinning) and 15 stems of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P), both coming from the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region – Canada, were cross-cut into three 2.4?m length sections: bottom, middle, and top logs. Logs were processed with a chipper-canter at three cutting widths (12.7, 19.1, and 25.4?mm), producing chips and a three-faced cant. The middle section of the cant was used to evaluate surface quality across the grain on each face. Roughness and waviness parameters and depth of torn grain were recorded. Knot characteristics were assessed in the three cant faces. Poorer surface quality was found in the lower part compared to the upper part of the cant for both species. At larger cutting widths, jack pine logs coming from a natural stand showed lower surface quality compared to logs from thinned stands. Black spruce waviness increased with the cutting width and stem height. These results were attributed to the increase of forces and vibration when cutting at larger cutting widths, which was worsened by the presence of bigger, more numerous knots at the control plot and in the top logs. Black spruce had deeper torn grain compared to jack pine. Their differences in knot characteristics resulted in a maximum torn grain depth favored by the presence of more knots rather than by bigger knot size. Other knot characteristics, such as the position of the knots in the cant face, the insertion angle of the branch and the distribution of the knots around the log, should be studied to better understand the relationship between torn grain formation and knottiness.     

组合桨搅拌槽内部流场数值模拟

针对组合桨组合形式在不同应用场合的匹配问题,采用计算流体力学(CFD)的分析方法,基于Fluent仿真软件,分析双螺带及六斜叶涡轮桨基于不同组合位置的内部流场情况采用多重参考系(MRF)方法建立基础模型,基于Navier-Stokes方程和标准k-ε湍流模型对搅拌槽内部流体产生的流场进行数值计算,得到搅拌桨在240 r/min的搅拌转速下产生的流场数据.分析搅拌器在特定界面处轴向、周向、径向的速度矢量图以及其综合速度云图,并对位置互换的流场进行分析和比较,选出上双螺带桨下涡轮桨为最佳的桨叶组合形式,此种组合桨型对于提升搅拌器在相关领域的应用和发展等有参考价值.     

Effects of planting dates and shading on carbohydrate content,yield, and fiber quality in cotton with respect to fruiting positions

Two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars, Kemian 1 (cool temperature-tolerant) and Sumian 15 (cool temperature-sensitive) were used to study the effects of cool temperature on carbohydrates, yield, and fiber quality in cotton bolls located at different fruiting positions (FP). Cool temperatures were created using late planting and low light. The experiment was conducted in 2010 and 2011 using two planting dates (OPD, the optimized planting date, 25 April; LPD, the late planting date, 10 June) and two shading levels of crop relative light rate (CRLR, 100 and 60%). Compared with fruiting position 1 (FP1), cotton yield and yield components (fiber quality, leaf sucrose and starch content, and fiber cellulose) were all decreased on FP3 under all treatments. Compared with OPD-CRLR 100%, other treatments (OPD-CRLR 60%, LPD-CRLR 100%, and LPD-CRLR 60%) had significantly decreased lint yield at both FPs of both cultivars, but especially at FP3 and in Sumian 15; this decrease was mainly caused by a large decline in boll number. All fiber quality indices decreased under late planting and shading except fiber length at FP1 with OPD-CRLR 60%, and a greater reduction was observed at FP3 and in Sumian 15. Sucrose content of the subtending leaf and fiber increased under LPD compared to OPD, whereas it decreased under CRLR 60% compared to CRLR 100%, which led to decreased fiber cellulose content. Therefore, shading primarily decreased the “source” sucrose content in the subtending leaf whereas late planting diminished translocation of sucrose towards cotton fiber. Notably, as planting date was delayed and light was decreased, more carbohydrates were distributed to leaf and bolls at FP1 than those at FP3, resulting in higher yield and better fiber quality at FP1, and a higher proportion of bolls and carbohydrates allocated at FP3 of Kemian 1 compared to that of Sumian 15. In conclusion, cotton yield and fiber quality were reduced less at FP1 compared to those at FP3 under low temperature and low light conditions. Thus, reduced cotton yield and fiber quality loss can be minimized by selecting low temperature tolerant cultivars under both low temperature and light conditions.     

闽西南崩岗侵蚀区芒萁叶片生态化学计量特征

为了阐明极度退化的崩岗生态系统内芒萁的生长状态和养分储存特征,对闽西南3处不同侵蚀强度的典型崩岗内芒萁叶片C、N、P含量及C/N、C/P、N/P特征进行研究,对比分析不同侵蚀强度下崩壁部位和崩岗不同侵蚀部位中芒萁叶片的生态化学计量特征。结果表明:崩岗内芒萁叶片的C、N、P平均含量分别为477.10 g·kg~(-1)、6.45 g·kg~(-1)、0.25 g·kg~(-1),芒萁叶片的N、P养分含量极低;而C/N、C/P、N/P平均值分别为96.82、2 097.20、27.67,芒萁生长受P限制。不同侵蚀强度下的崩壁内芒萁叶片的C、N、P含量及C/P、N/P均存在显著差异(P0.05),C含量、C/P和N/P均随着侵蚀强度的增强而减小,N含量在中度侵蚀的崩壁内较高,而P含量则随着侵蚀强度的增强而增加,表明芒萁对土壤侵蚀严重的崩岗生态系统具有很强的适应能力。在崩岗的不同侵蚀部位中芒萁叶片的P含量、C/P和N/P均存在显著差异(P0.05),P含量在集水坡面最高,在崩壁最低;而C/P、N/P均表现为崩壁显著大于其他各侵蚀部位。可见,在崩岗的不同侵蚀部位,崩壁中芒萁对C的同化能力强于其他侵蚀部位,且对P利用效率也显著高于其他侵蚀部位。综上,在侵蚀严重的崩岗生态系统中,芒萁有较强的同化C能力和较高的对P利用效率,能通过调节自身C、N、P元素含量很好地适应土壤侵蚀严重、养分极度贫瘠的生境。     

玉米DH系15D969、D1279株高、穗位高的遗传育种效应研究

利用2份低穗位高DH系(15D969、D1279)、5份自交系(A6、PHB1M、B20、PH4CV、PH6WC)进行杂交、回交试验,对株高、穗位高效应进行研究分析。结果表明,DH系15D969所具有的低株高、低穗位高由隐性基因控制。相对于PH6WC×A6,15D969与PH6WC杂交效应不表达;DH系D1279同时具有高株高隐性基因和低穗位高部分显性基因,杂交组合PH6WC×D1279株高、穗位高显著低于先玉335(PH6WC×PH4CV),改良效果显著。     

GPS在定位和面积量测中的误差分析

以河南农业大学校区为研究区域,通过手持GPS仪探讨了不同观测时长、不同观测时间以及不同区域面积对GPS精密度和稳定性的影响。结果表明:不同观测时长对GPS定位的坐标没有影响;不同观测时段中,定位时长为60 s和120 s的稳定度相差不大,而实时定位的稳定度比120 s的稳定度高3倍以上;当地块面积在3 600 m2以下时,GPS测量结果的变化幅度较大,呈不稳定状态,当地块面积在3 600 m2以上时,GPS测量结果的变化幅度逐渐变小,呈现面积越大、误差越小、精度越高的趋势。