谈红皮云杉“全光下雾插“育苗介绍

从生物培育技术角度分析介绍了利用喷雾设备提高红皮云杉在全光条件下扦插成活率的方式方法。     

压力涡流喷嘴雾化特性模拟的双相流模型分析

与直射式压力喷嘴模拟计算相比,燃油在喷嘴出口断面处的速度方向成为模拟压力涡流喷嘴喷雾特性时需要特别考虑的问题。对现有的双相流计算模型进行了分析,分析结果表明:广泛用于压力喷嘴模拟计算的欧拉-拉格朗日法,并不适于压力涡流喷嘴出口区附近的喷雾模拟计算。喷嘴出口处采用VOF模型,在适当的下游处再采用欧拉-拉格朗日模型计算压力涡流喷嘴的喷雾特性是一个相对合理的选择。采用这种方法需要特别考虑的问题是:两种模型如何衔接。     

森林资源连续清查进界木与漏测木确定标准的研究

对森林资源连续清查中进界木和漏测木传统确定方法进行分析，指出其存在的随意性和缺乏科学性、明确性；提出应用数理统计方法，通过对已往取得数据的分析，制定出科学、合理、明确的标准。并以云南省2002年森林资源连续清查中楚雄州云南松检尺数据对这一方法进行了具体分析。     

黄土高原坡地林草复合系统景观边界植物多样性特征

以黄土高原坡地刺槐林—草地复合系统景观边界为研究对象,按一定的生态梯度调查分析了边界植物种的分布特点。结果表明,草地、林地斑块内都有自身的植物种类分布;草地斑块内有较高的植物多样性。在草地斑块内,距林缘8~16m区域为边界植物多样性边缘效应的显著区;林地斑块内β多样性变化剧烈,林缘处的群落相异系数(CD)、Cody指数都最大,共有度指数(CP)最小,CD、Cody与CP成反比。     

基于机器视觉边缘检测的园林喷药机器人导航线提取

导航路径的精确拟合是园林机器人自动化导航的关键,针对现有园林喷洒机器人仍是人工操作为主的现象,提出一种基于视觉边缘检测的导航路径拟合算法,用于指导园林喷药机器人的自动化导航。首先利用“化曲为直”的思想,截取拍摄图像的最后200像素行作为感兴趣区域;其次提出一种针对园林道路的灰度化因子,对图像进行灰度化处理;然后对图像进行行扫描,根据噪声和道路在几何学上的差异,设定宽度阈值T,快速检测出道路边缘;根据检测出的边缘点,计算道路边缘点的均值拟合出边界线;最后,根据道路顶点坐标,计算出梯形道路的中轴线方程提取出导航线,为园林机器人导航提供参数。试验结果表明该算法处理一幅图像平均耗时53 ms,误差在0.6°内,可见本文所提算法可以满足实时性要求,且算法鲁棒性好、准确性高,为园林喷药机器人的自动化导航提供理论依据。     

风幕式喷杆喷雾雾滴粒径与速度分布试验

为了研究风幕出口风速和风幕出风口与喷口的水平距离对雾滴粒径和雾滴速度分布的影响,运用PDPA测试系统对不同条件下的风幕式喷杆喷雾气液两相流场进行了测试,对雾滴粒径、速度分布的测量结果进行了分析和讨论。结果表明:雾滴在气流场的作用下,随着风幕风速的逐步变大,雾滴的粒径变小且分布均匀,有效地增大了雾滴的沉积、减小了飘移。风幕出风口与喷口水平距离越近时,雾滴的穿透性能越好,向后飘移的趋势越弱。     

海洋底边界层动物

底边界层动物是生活在海洋底边界层中的特定生物类群,通常包括超底栖动物和浮游动物两大类。底边界层动物的生态学意义表现在,它们是海洋食物链的重要组成部分,是水层系统底栖系统耦合过程的重要环节,是陆架海的碳垂直通量的重要影响因子。底边界层动物的采样装置主要包括滑橇式和陷阱式两种类型。     

励珂健喷剂对10日龄内仔猪腹泻和免疫力的影响

为研究励珂健喷剂（主要成分：杨树花提取物）对10日龄内仔猪腹泻和免疫力的影响,将18头PIC母猪随机分成3组,每组6头,分别为蒸馏水组、土霉素组和励珂健喷剂组,蒸馏水组仔猪1、3、5日龄时皮肤喷洒蒸馏水1 m L/头/d,土霉素组仔猪3、7日龄时分别肌肉注射20%长效土霉素注射液0.2 m L/头/d、0.5m L/头/d,励珂健喷剂组仔猪1、3、5日龄时皮肤喷洒励珂健喷剂1 m L/头/d。结果表明,励珂健喷剂可有效降低10日龄内仔猪的腹泻率和发病率,且励珂健喷剂组腹泻仔猪的治愈速度快于土霉素组和蒸馏水组。由此证明：励珂健喷剂对10日龄内仔猪腹泻有防治作用,并且还可以增强仔猪的免疫力。     

Biophysical dynamics of western transition zones: a preliminary synthesis

The nature of the western portions of the biogeographic temperate or transition zones in the North Pacific and North Atlantic is reviewed. The physical transport of nutrients and biomass into them from the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream as well as from the poleward sides are estimated. The conclusion is that the upwelling in the two western boundary currents makes the largest contribution to the nutrient and biomass fluxes into these transition zones. A conservative estimate of the amount of upwelled fluid is derived from absolute velocity sections in the Gulf Stream. The estimate suggests that upwelling into the euphotic zone exceeds 2 × 10⁶ m³ s^–1. This implies that upwelling in these western boundary currents matches or exceeds that in eastern boundary currents such as the California Current. The two western boundary regimes have very different poleward situations. The Oyashio extension flows parallel to the Kuroshio and is a deep current. The North Atlantic Shelf Front flow is to the west where it is ultimately entrained into the edge of the Gulf Stream. There does not seem to be any tendency for this to occur in the Kuroshio. Despite these differences in the northern and western boundaries, the two transition zones are similar with large amplitude meanders, anticyclonic rings and streamers dominating their physical structure. The physical features responsible for the transfer of materials from the boundary current extensions into the transition zones are similar in both systems. Ring formation contributes only ? 10% of the transfer, while ring‐induced streamers contribute 30%. The rest of the transport is contributed by branching of the boundary current front. Both currents have well developed secondary fronts consisting of subtropical surface water pulled into the transition zone. Biologically, the upwelling in both western boundary currents leads to a biomass maximum along the boundary in both secondary producers (copepods) and in small pelagic fish. In the Kuroshio, the latter are the Japanese sardine, Sardinops melanostictus, that spawn in the Kuroshio and then enter the transition zone for the summer and fall months. In the Gulf Stream, the dominate species are menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus and B. smithi. These species make use of the coastal environments of North America and although the adults spawn in the Gulf Stream, they are not thought to play a major role in the Slope Water, transition zone. The similar differences in the use of the Kuroshio and the Gulf Stream ecosystems occurs in the behaviour of bluefin tuna, squid and other large pelagics. The Gulf Stream system also lacks an equivalent to Pacific saury, Cololabis saira. The biology therefore is at least subtly different, with saury and sardines being replaced by mid‐water fish in the North Atlantic. A fuller comparison of the biology with quantitative methods in both systems should be encouraged.     

离体叶段喷雾法建立小麦白粉病菌对三唑酮的敏感基线及其监测技术

为建立小麦白粉病菌对三唑酮抗药性的离体叶段喷雾法监测标准,采用该方法测定了2013年采自河南、河北省部分麦区的101个小麦白粉病菌野生菌株对三唑酮的敏感性。结果表明,小麦白粉病菌群体对三唑酮敏感性的EC50范围为0.239 8~7.558 5μg·mL-1,平均为3.561 2±1.881 3μg·mL-1;其敏感性均呈连续单峰曲线分布,可作为喷雾防治时小麦白粉病菌对三唑酮杀菌剂的敏感性基线。