采用粪菌治疗仔猪腹泻的研究

为研究粪菌对仔猪腹泻的治疗效果,试验分5个阶段(1～6日龄、7～10日龄、11～20日龄、21～28日龄、29～45日龄)进行,每个阶段将72头腹泻仔猪分为3组,每组24头,1组采用恩诺沙星注射液按照说明书进行连续3 d的治疗,2,3组采用灌喂不同剂量的粪菌液治疗,上午、下午各灌喂1次,连续灌喂3 d,统计各组仔猪3 d内的治愈率,对未治愈的仔猪不再灌喂;继续观察至第5天,统计5 d内的治愈率。结果表明:按照腹泻仔猪不同生长阶段灌喂不同剂量的粪菌液,即1～6日龄腹泻仔猪灌喂10 mL,7～10日龄腹泻仔猪灌喂20 mL,11～20日龄腹泻仔猪灌喂30 mL,21日龄以上的腹泻仔猪灌喂50 mL,3 d内治愈率达91%以上,5 d内治愈率达95%以上。说明采用粪菌能够有效治疗仔猪腹泻。     

盐酸头孢噻呋与长效土霉素应用在仔猪三针保健中效果的比较

随机选取某种猪场1日龄仔猪1067头,将其分为三组其中一组共394头仔猪,分别在1日龄、7日龄、21口龄每头注射盐酸头孢噻呋0．25ml、0．25ml、0．5ml;另外一组387头仔猪注射长效土霉素0．50ml、0．50ml、1．0ml,设对照组286头。统一饲喂仔猪全价料,28日龄断奶后统计仔猪成活率、弱予率、腹泻率、平均日增重等数据。试验数据分析表明,利用盐酸头孢噻呋进行仔猪保健其效果明湿优于目前市场常用的仔猪保健药物长效土霉素。     

复方中药猪痢停对大肠杆菌诱发断奶仔猪腹泻的影响

为了观察复方中药猪痢停对断奶仔猪腹泻的影响,试验将45头仔猪平均分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头。正常组仔猪灌服生理盐水,每天3 m L/头;感染组仔猪灌服大肠杆菌液,每天3 m L/头;治疗组仔猪先灌服大肠杆菌液,每天3 m L/头,然后灌服中药猪痢停提取物,每天20 m L/头。每组每天用药1次,连用7 d。统计试验仔猪的平均体重、腹泻情况,试验结束后将仔猪处死,剖检肠道组织。结果表明:与正常组相比,感染组仔猪腹泻频率为100%,腹泻指数为2.6,绒毛高度、隐窝深度和肠壁厚度均极显著降低(P0.01);与感染组相比,治疗组仔猪腹泻频率为33.3%,腹泻指数为1.2,绒毛高度、隐窝深度和肠壁厚度均极显著增加(P0.01),说明复方中药猪痢停对大肠杆菌所致断奶仔猪腹泻起到了明显的治疗效果。     

泰拉霉素注射液分别配合补铁剂、猪瘟疫苗使用对仔猪补铁和免疫效果的影响研究

为客观、科学地评价泰立达（10%泰拉霉素注射液）分别配合补铁剂、猪瘟疫苗使用对仔猪补铁和免疫效果的影响。本研究将1 m L泰立达和9 m L补铁剂配制成10 m L混合注射液，3日龄使用，1 m L/头，同时设立进口产品+补铁剂组、泰立达组、补铁剂组和空白对照组，各组均在10日龄采集抗凝血，5 m L/头，4℃保存送检测定血常规项目；再将不同剂量（0.1、0.5和1 m L）的泰立达与2 m L猪瘟疫苗混合分别作用5、30、60和120 min，应用荧光定量PCR方法测定各组猪瘟疫苗效价，同时将0.1 m L泰立达与2 m L猪瘟疫苗混合后免疫21日龄仔猪，3周后采血测定猪瘟疫苗免疫效果。结果表明，泰立达和补铁剂混合后的血红蛋白值与单独使用补铁剂组基本一致，与同类进口产品组相比差异也不显著，3日龄时合用丝毫不会影响补铁效果，21日龄与猪瘟疫苗合用时对其在猪体内、外均不存在干扰现象。本研究证实将泰立达分别与补铁剂（3日龄）、猪瘟疫苗（21日龄）混合应用方案，完全可列为兽医临床中新生仔猪一针两防（防细菌性感染、防贫血）和断奶前仔猪一针两防（防细菌性感染、防猪瘟）组合的最佳选择。     

蒲公英水提物对断奶仔猪腹泻率及血清炎性因子的影响

30头35日龄杂种断奶仔猪用于研究蒲公英水提物对断奶仔猪腹泻率和血清炎性因子的影响,仔猪被随机分为3组,每组10头,各组均饲喂基础饲粮。1、2组为试验组,饮水中分别添加终浓度为3、6 g/L的蒲公英水提物,自由饮水;3组为空白对照组,正常饮水。试验期35 d。结果表明,饮水中添加6 g/L的蒲公英水提物能够显著降低断奶仔猪腹泻率,显著提高血清中抗炎性细胞因子白细胞介素-10的含量,显著降低血清中促炎性细胞因子白细胞介素-22、α肿瘤坏死因子的水平。     

微生态制剂对断奶仔猪增重和预防腹泻的效果

试验选择108头35日龄断奶三元杂交仔猪，分成3个处理组。处理1组基础日粮添加土霉素200mg/kg，处理2组基础日粮添加痢特灵300mg/kg；处理3组基础日粮添加育崽宝微生态制剂1000mg/kg，进行40d对比试验，结果日增重处理3组较处理1组和处理2组分别提高13.52%和14.49%；腹泻率分别降低60.66%,53.85%。     

氯霉素与土霉素治仔猪白痢疗效对比

1　试验动物　A组 :陈某饲养的母猪 1 999年 1 1月2 5日顺产仔猪 1 1头 ,于 1 9日龄时有 9头仔猪腹泻 ,排出浆糊状、乳白色粪便 ,性粘 ,味腥臭 ,经临床诊断为仔猪白痢。B组 :林某饲养的母猪 1 999年 1 1月 2 9日顺产仔猪 1 2头 ,于 1 5日龄时有 1 0头仔猪腹泻 ,排出乳白浆糊状 ,有腥臭味粪便 ,经临床检查诊断为仔猪白痢。2　治疗方法　 A组 :1 2月 1 5日晨 ,供治疗试验仔猪 9头体重为 38.9kg。每日早晚 2次投药 ,按每千克体重 50 mg剂量 ,使用天津药业焦作有限公司出品的规格为 0 .2 5g/片的氯霉素 8片 ,捣碎后拌入2 /3的仔猪料中经饲喂内…     

高铜对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清激素水平的影响

选用60头28日龄±2日龄“长大定”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按体重和性别随机分成3组,每组20头。Ⅰ组(对照组)仔猪饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组仔猪在断奶后14d内饲喂基础日粮 250mg/kg铜(CuSO4.5H2O),然后再饲喂基础日粮;Ⅲ组仔猪饲喂基础日粮 250mg/kg铜(CuSO4.5H2O)。试验期为28d。所有实验猪均于断奶后0,7,14d和28d称重,计算采食量,观察断奶后腹泻情况。同时每组固定10头仔猪,于断奶后0,7,14d和28d,经前腔静脉采血,测定部分血清激素水平。结果表明,高铜日粮能显著提高断奶仔猪体重(AW)、平均日增重(ADG)和日采食量(ADFI),降低料重比(F/G)和断奶后腹泻率,显著提高断奶仔猪血清GHI、NS、T3和T4的水平。     

PRRSV对仔猪免疫力的影响

为了研究PRRSV对仔猪免疫力的影响,试验将13头46日龄的健康仔猪随机分A、B、C 3组,48日龄时A组猪进行滴鼻接种PRRSV LC毒株(TCID50为1×10-5.25/0.1 mL)3 mL/头,B组猪滴鼻接种未接毒正常细胞培养物3 mL/头;50日龄时A组、B组猪免疫猪瘟疫苗4头份,C组猪肌肉注射生理盐水4 mL;免疫后1,7,14,21,28,35天利用ELISA和MTT等方法检测试验组猪猪瘟抗体水平和外周血T淋巴细胞转化率.结果表明,A组猪瘟抗体水平和T淋巴细胞转化率显著低于B组(P<0.05)有极显著的,说明PRRSV对仔猪免疫力有一定的抑制作用.     

热灭活屎肠球菌及其活菌对仔猪腹泻率、消化酶活性和脏器指数的影响

为了研究屎肠球菌对哺乳期仔猪的益生作用,试验选用健康的杜×长×大新生仔猪9窝,将其随机分为对照组、屎肠球菌灭活菌组和屎肠球菌活菌组,每组3窝。从出生开始至6日龄,对照组、屎肠球菌灭活菌组和屎肠球菌活菌组仔猪分别经口灌服无菌脱脂乳、含屎肠球菌热灭活菌(浓度为1×108cfu/m L)的脱脂乳和含屎肠球菌活菌(浓度为1×108cfu/m L)的脱脂乳,10 m L/(头·d)。仔猪于7日龄开始饲喂教槽料,21日龄断奶。分别于7日龄和21日龄时从每窝中选出1头接近平均体重的仔猪屠宰,取肝脏和脾脏,采集空肠黏膜,计算并分析仔猪腹泻率、消化酶活性和脏器指数。结果表明:与对照组相比,灭活菌和活菌都不影响哺乳期仔猪的体重和日增重(P0.05);屎肠球菌灭活菌组和屎肠球菌活菌组仔猪第3周的腹泻率都下降至0,整个哺乳期腹泻率分别下降77.44%(P=0.078)和92.03%(P0.05),两个益生菌组间差异不显著(P0.05);屎肠球菌灭活菌组和屎肠球菌活菌组的21日龄仔猪空肠麦芽糖酶活性分别增加9.67倍(P0.05)和11.29倍(P=0.01),活菌还显著提高脂肪酶含量1.09倍(P0.05),但两个益生菌组间差异不显著(P0.05);灭活菌不影响仔猪肝脏指数和脾脏指数,活菌也不影响肝脏指数及7日龄仔猪脾脏指数,但显著降低21日龄仔猪脾脏指数(P0.05)。说明热灭活益生屎肠球菌对哺乳期仔猪的生长、腹泻率、小肠消化酶活性以及肝脏和脾脏指数都没有负面影响,而且在很大程度上与活菌的作用相似,具有替代活菌的潜力。     

膨化菜籽对哺乳母猪生产性能的影响

为研究夏季热应激情况下使用全脂膨化菜籽配制哺乳母猪饲粮对其生产性能的影响,选择妊娠107 d不同胎次的长大母猪30头,采用随机区组设计分为3组,每组10头母猪,分别接受3种饲粮处理：即试验1组（5.63%膨化菜籽）、试验2组（9%膨化菜籽）、对照组（2%猪油＋5%膨化大豆）。结果表明,母猪哺乳期第18至第22天日采食量,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组提高0.90和0.38 kg;哺乳期第18至第22天日采食量峰值,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组提高0.64和0.23 kg;日采食量达到峰值后下降速度,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组低50%和42.5%。试验1组、试验2组和对照组母猪失重率均较小,分别为3.10%、5.90%、4.63%;母猪断奶后1周内全部发情。哺乳仔猪窝增重,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组提高0.65、0.75 kg。哺乳仔猪18日龄以前没有出现腹泻,19～22日龄出现轻微腹泻,且腹泻率很低。乳品质,试验1组和试验2组优于对照组;血液生理生化指标,3组均在正常范围内。说明使用全脂膨化菜籽配制的哺乳母猪饲粮适口性好,能显著增加热应激情况下哺乳母猪的采食量,改善乳品质,提高其生产性能,效果优于添加猪油＋膨化大豆的饲粮。     

仔猪腹泻防治效果观察

对怀孕母猪注射疫苗、投服药物,使其所产仔猪获得被动免疫,与此同时,对仔猪投服预防性药物,达到预防仔猪腹泻的目的.通过实践,使仔猪腹泻的发病率由35.65%下降到16.79%,死亡率由10.8%下降到0.98%,取得了较好的防治效果.     

The induction of parturition in sows using prostaglandin F2alpha

Intramuscular injections (10 mg) of prostaglandin F2alpha were administered to 19 pregnant sows in one herd on either the 112th or 113th day of gestation and a similar number of untreated sows served as controls. Induced sows for up to 6h after injection generally showed more walking, drinking defaceating and postural changes. Over the last 20 h prepartum they spent more time lying and urinated more frequently. Mean interval from injection to onset of parturition in treated sows was 24.5 h and 16 of them commenced farrowing during the working day, compared with 6 in the control group. Induction of parturition did not influence litter size at birth, piglet body-weights at birth or 14 days of age, the incidence of the mastitis, metrititis agalactae syndrome, re-breeding interval of the sow or size of the subsequent litter at birth. Farrowing time was significantly longer (6.48 h v 4.08 h) for treated sows and litter pre-weaning mortality was higher but not significantly so. Most piglet deaths in each group resulted from overlaying or starvation but mortality from anaemia and septicaemia occurred only in the treated group. It is considered that the technique could have practical application on well-managed intensive pig units.     

The induction of parturition in sows using prostaglandin F2auml;

Intramuscular injections (10mg) of prostaglandin F2ä were administered to 19 pregnant sows in one herd on either the 112th or 113th day of gestation and a similar number of untreated sows served as controls. Induced sows for up to 6h after injection generally showed/more walking, drinking defaceating and postural changes. Over the last 20h prepartum they spent more time lying and urinated more frequently. Mean interval from injection to onset of parturition in treated sows was 24.5h and 16 of them commenced farrowing during the working day, compared with 6 in the control group. Induction of parturition did not influence litter size at birth, piglet bodyweights at birth or 14 days of age, the incidence of the mastitis, metrititis agalactae syndrome, re-breeding interval of the sow or size of the subsequent litter at birth. Farrowing time was significantly longer (6.48h v 4.08h) for treated sows and litter pre-weaning mortality was higher but not significantly so. Most piglet deaths in each group resulted from overlaying or starvation but mortality from anaemia and septicaemia occurred only in the treated group. It is considered that the technique could have practical application on well-managed intensive pig units.     

Verification of the usefulness of Estrophan inj. Spofa in the control of reproductive parameters in sows after weaning of piglets]

Cloprostenol, a prostaglandin F2-alpha analogue, used in the Czechoslovak preparation Oestrophan ing. Spofa was tested by a new nontraditional use. The effect of cloprostenol use on reproductive parameters of sows after piglet weaning was followed in a set of 456 experimental and 434 control sows. The effect of single intramuscular instillation of cloprostenol was tested in five partial observations: to multiparous sows at a dose of 175 micrograms on the day of weaning (experimental group no. 1), on day 1 after weaning (group no. 2), 500 micrograms on day 1 after weaning (group no.3), to primiparous sows at a dose of 500 microgram on day 1 after weaning (group no. 4). The treatment used in group no. 4 was also applied to 42 primiparous sows kept on a farm with regular occurrence of post-weaning anoestria of sows (experimental group no. 5). These parameters were evaluated: dynamics of oestrus onset within five, and/or ten, days after weaning, average length of the weaning--first insemination interval, conception rate after the first insemination in dependence on terminated deliveries and parameters of piglet litter. Cloprostenol application did not have a statistically significant effect on the evaluated reproductive parameters. The percentage of multiparous, and/or primiparous, sows in which the oestrus onset was not detected by the 10th day after weaning, did not show any large differences in the various experimental and control groups (17.09 vs. 16.55%, 23.53 vs. 32.56%, 13.66 vs. 18.13%, 29.54 vs. 30.30%; P > 0.05). On the farm with regular occurrence of post-weaning anoestria there were 73.81% of primiparous sows with oestrus onset after cloprostenol instillation and 71.43% primiparous sows without treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

灭菌散对仔猪腹泻的防治研究

仔猪腹泻是一种主要由大肠杆菌引起的危害严重的疾病,在养猪生产中,特别是采用仔猪早期断奶技术后普遍存在.本试验根据中兽医学的基础理论和仔猪腹泻的临床表现,研制了一种中药制剂-灭菌散.选择以黄连、黄柏、黄芪、甘草、白头翁、干姜和大蒜等20多种中草药为主组成的灭菌散制剂,煎成1g/mL的中药汤剂,以0.2%的比例添加到日粮中.选择(28±1)日龄杜长大断奶仔猪60头,随机分成2组,每组30头.2组均饲喂基础日粮,试验组另添加0.2%的中药汤剂.给药后8 d,每组选择5头,前腔静脉采血做血液学和免疫学指标检测.试验结果表明,0.2%中药汤剂能有效预防仔猪腹泻,并能提高RBC、TP、IgG的数量和水平,腹泻率较对照组下降33.7%(P＜0.01).灭菌散是一种能有效防治仔猪腹泻的候选制剂.     

枯草芽孢杆菌对围产期母猪繁殖性能和子代生长的影响

试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌对围产期母猪繁殖性能和子代生长的影响。试验选用2~4胎次、预产期相近的妊娠85 d的健康大白猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加250 g/t的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。试验期为妊娠85 d至产后21 d。分别于母猪妊娠85、112 d和产后21 d测量母猪背膘厚并计算背膘损失。于产后1和21 d耳缘静脉采血,肝素抗凝,离心分离血浆,测定血浆生化指标。于产后1 d记录母猪的产仔数和产活仔数,并称取仔猪出生窝重。于产后21 d称取仔猪断奶窝重并计算断奶窝日增重;每天观察并记录每窝仔猪腹泻情况,计算腹泻率。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对母猪繁殖性能无显著影响(P0.05),但显著降低了仔猪1~7日龄和1~21日龄腹泻率(P0.05),显著增加了产后21 d母猪血浆免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)含量(P0.05),且产后1 d母猪血浆白蛋白(P=0.087)和Ig M(P=0.096)含量以及产后21 d背膘厚(P=0.096)均呈增加趋势。综上所述,饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌制剂虽然不影响母猪繁殖性能,但可增强机体对蛋白质的利用和免疫力,降低仔猪腹泻率。     

Efficacy of mannanoligosaccharides additive to sows diets on colostrum, blood immunoglobulin content and production parameters of piglets

The present results suggest that mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) included in a sow nutrition may affect its immune system and humoral antibody production in colostrum and milk, and thus increase the piglet immunity at the postnatal period. The studies involved sows of the Polish Landrace breed mated with boars (Hampshire x Duroc). In each experiment, the sows were assigned to two groups: control and experimental (MOS). Each group consisted of 16 sows managed in pens (2 animals in each) during pregnancy, whereas at farrowing and lactation period they were placed in individual pens. The basal diet during pregnancy (PR-S) and lactation (LC-S) period contained wheat (40% in experiment I--groups 1 and 2) or triticale (40% in experiment II--groups 3 and 4), as well as barley, soybean meal, soybean oil and mineral-vitamin premix. Throughout both experiments, the sows from the experimental group had a dietary supplement of mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) preparation for 4 of weeks prepartum and 4 weeks of post partum period. A level of the MOS supplementation (8 g of MOS per sow daily) based on the recommendations of the manufacturer. Blood samples were collected from the sows on days 84 (the start of trial) and 110 of pregnancy, after farrowing, and on day 21 of lactation period, while from the piglets at birth and on day 21 of age. Colostrum was collected between 1-3, 12, 24 and 48 h after farrowing. The blood samples taken from sows and piglets as well as the samples of sow colostrum and milk were evaluated for the presence of IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies. The present study has provided considerable evidence that MOS supplementation of sows feedstuff before and after farrowing (4 weeks before and 4 weeks after) exerts a positive effect on IgG content in the colostrum and plasma of sows and following this on serum IgG level in the suckling piglets. Higher level of colostral (passive) immunity influences positively body weight gain and survival rate of the piglets at weaning.     

Specific and non‐specific immunity of piglets from sows fed diets containing specific fatty acids in field conditions

The transfer of passive immunity from sows to piglets is important and it is the first immune protection of the new born piglet. Improving sows immunity by adding immuno‐stimulating product in sows diet can positively affect colostrum composition and transfer of immune molecules to piglets. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the benefit of a different solution, made of specific fatty acids from marine origin that have been used in human medicine for decades, for sows and piglets. Two trials were conducted in commercial farm, involving 240 sows at different periods of the year. Sows were divided in a control group, without supplementation, and a test group, supplemented with the feed additive from the 90th day of gestation to weaning. Sows body condition, piglets viability and growth were recorded. Milk immunoglobulin content was measured, as well as Aujeszky antibodies in sows and piglets blood as marker of specific immunity, and blood bactericidal activity, complement activity and lysozyme as markers of non specific immunity. No effect of the product was observed on piglets zootechnical criteria and specific immunity parameters but significant improvement of piglet non specific immunity, was observed. No difference was observed neither in the piglets blood PRRSV and PCV2 antibodies and viruses nor in Aujeszky antibodies. Blood complement activity seems to be an accurate indicator of immuno‐stimulating additive efficiency. Giving alkyl‐glycerol fatty acids to sows in late gestation and lactation can improve the passive immunity transfer to piglets.     

Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on performance parameters in gilts and sows

The effect of L-carnitine supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on performance parameters of sows was studied. The trial comprised a total of 127 sows (40 gilts, 87 mature sows) which were divided into a control and a treatment group. All animals were fed individually and received basic feed mixtures for pregnancy and lactation with low carnitine concentrations (gestation diet: 4.7 mg/kg feed, lactation diet: 12.5 mg/kg feed). The rations of the sows in the treated group were supplemented with 125 mg L -carnitine per head and day during pregnancy and 250 mg L -carnitine per head and day during lactation. The animals of the control group received identical feed mixtures in identical amounts, but without the L -carnitine supplement. L -carnitine supplementation resulted in higher sow liveweight gains between day 1 and day 85 of pregnancy. The number of piglets per litter and the number born alive did not differ between the control sows and those treated with L -carnitine. However, the L -carnitine-supplemented sows produced only half as many non-viable piglets as the control animals. Moreover, litter weight and mean birth weight of piglets from L -carnitine-treated sows were higher than in the control sows. This effect was more marked in gilts (+8% higher litter weight, +9% higher piglet weight) than in sows (+7% and +6%, respectively). Piglets from sows whose ration was supplemented with L -carnitine showed higher liveweight gains during the suckling period (+12% for gilts, +4% for sows), which is why litter weights post weaning were also higher among the sows treated with L -carnitine than in the control sows (+14% for gilts, +10% for sows). Overall, the study shows that dietary supplementation with L -carnitine during pregnancy and lactation improves the reproductive performance of sows.