A lesion-mimic mutant of wheat with enhanced resistance to leaf rust

A lesion-mimic mutant was obtained from a mutagenic treatment performed with ethyl methanesulfonate on the Argentine bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) cultivar Sinvalocho M.A. The HLP (hypersensitive-like phenotype) mutant exhibited tiny, discrete, white lesions in the absence of any pathogen, resembling the typical hypersensitive response (HR). The lesions only became evident once the fifth or sixth leaf emerged, and spread at random along the leaf blades and leaf sheaths of the developing plant, including tissues of the spike. Because the lesion-mimic mutant showed no lesions at the seedling stage, the phenotypes of both the mutant and its mother line were identical at this point. Histochemical studies showed that spontaneous hypersensitive-like lesions in the HLP mutant corresponded to cell death. In leaf-rust ( Puccinia triticina ) infection experiments performed at seedling and adult-plant stages, adult HLP plants showed enhanced resistance to leaf-rust attack compared with plants of Sinvalocho M.A. of comparable developmental stage, suggesting that the HLP mutation may confer increased resistance to the fungus. Because enhanced resistance coincided with the presence of spontaneous HR lesions, activation of HLP plant defence responses appeared to be tightly linked to this phenomenon. Final plant height and yield components in the lesion-mimic mutant did not differ from those of the mother line, indicating that the HLP mutation caused no detrimental pleiotropic effects that significantly affected agronomic performance. These data support the direct use of mutations in disease-resistance breeding.     

Recovery and Biological Properties of Nitrate Non-utilizing Mutants of Rice Blast, Magnaporthe grisea

Eleven nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants were recovered from six isolates of Magnaporthe grisea cultured on MM media amended with 60 g/L potassium chlorate, with a frequency of 1.42 %. Some biological properties, such as growth rate, growth biomass, cultural characters, conidial production, sexual reproduction ability, and pathogenicity were compared between nit mutants and their parent isolates. Results showed that all the nit mutants were resistant to chlorate. Some important biological properties such as the growth rate on YPSA, conidial production ability on TPSA, pathogenicity, had no significant differences between nit mutants and their parent isolates. Mating type didn‘t change, but perithecia production ability of fertile isolates changed significantly as compared with that of their parent isolates. Therefore, the nit can be used as a genetic marker to study the genetics such as pathogenicity, fungicide resistance in Magnaporthe grisea.     

猪链球菌2型溶血素基因缺失株构建及其生物学特性分析

猪链球菌溶血素(SLY)是较早确定的猪链球菌毒力因子之一,具有细胞毒性,在猪链球菌致病过程中发挥重要作用。利用同源重组技术成功构建了猪链球菌2型(SS2)sly基因缺失的突变株SS2-Δsly,缺失株的体外溶血活性消失,对小鼠脑血管内皮细胞的细胞毒性显著低于亲本菌株(P<0.01),但不影响猪链球菌2型在巨噬细胞中的存活。该菌株可以用于研究SS2溶血素在感染细胞中的作用机制。     

^60Co—γ射线诱发的籼型温敏核不育水稻叶色突变系变异分析

＾６０Ｃｏ－γ射线诱发的８个灿温敏核不育系水稻叶色突变系可分为三种类型，即叶色突变高温表达型、低温表达型及温钝型。     

拟南芥野生型及突变体小孢子发生和发育的比较研究

通过电镜对拟南芥野生型及ｅｐｎ型突变体小孢子发生和发育进一步研究（此突变体的特征是花粉从游离核时期就具有多核、多沟并有分枝的花粉管），值得注意的是突变体在发育至四核花粉母细胞时期，在整个母细胞原生质膜外开始形成小孢子的外壁（与野生型晚期四分体内单倍体小孢子原生质体外形成的外壁相同），此外，在突变体小孢子发生的整个过程中也未见到正常四分体的出现。因此，设想具有两个营养核、两个生殖核的突变体的大花粉直接由非正常的四核花粉母细胞形成，突变体发生缺失的时期在前减数分裂期或减数分裂Ⅱ     

毛白杜鹃耐碱突变体的离体筛选与鉴定

利用由NaHCO3建立的高pH值筛选培养基对毛白杜鹃组培再生的丛生芽进行了耐碱筛选,并对获得的耐碱突变体植株在碱性环境中叶绿素含量和根系Fe3+还原酶活性变化进行了分析.结果表明:10mmol/LNaHCO3是合适的选择压,突变体植株对碱性环境比对照具有较好的适应性和耐受性;该筛选方法是可行的.     

Real-time PCR genotyping assay for feline erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency and mutant allele frequency in purebred cats in Japan

Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is an inherited glycolytic erythroenzymopathy caused by mutations of the PKLR gene. A causative mutation of the feline PKLR gene was originally identified in Abyssinian and Somali cats in the U.S.A. In the present study, a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR genotyping assay was developed and evaluated for rapid genotyping and large-scale screening for this mutation. Furthermore, a genotyping survey was carried out in a population of four popular purebred cats in Japan to determine the current mutant allele frequency. The assay clearly displayed all genotypes of feline PK deficiency, indicating its suitability for large-scale survey as well as diagnosis. The survey demonstrated that the mutant allele frequency in Abyssinian and Somali cats was high enough to warrant measures to control and prevent the disease. The mutant allele frequency was relatively low in Bengal and American Shorthair cats; however, the testing should still be carried out to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, PK deficiency should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of anemia in purebred cats in Japan as well as worldwide.     

矮秆大豆突变体叶片和豆荚生理特性的初步分析

经NaN3诱变获得大豆矮秆突变体HK808,对其豆荚和叶片生理特性及其与原品种"东农42"的比较研究表明:HK808叶片的叶绿素含量比野生型低,但叶绿素a/b比值变化不大;豆荚的叶绿素含量较其对应叶片的含量低,且野生型的含量略高于突变体。开花结荚后突变体叶片蛋白质含量、SOD活性逐渐升高,脯氨酸含量下降,且蛋白质和脯氨酸含量都低于东农42;突变体的SOD活性高于东农42;野生型的MDA含量在鼓粒期以后增高,即结荚后期突变体叶片防御自由基伤害能力强。豆荚的蛋白质、脯氨酸含量都与叶片的变化规律基本相同,即前者不断增加,后者不断下降,且豆荚蛋白质和脯氨酸含量都低于叶片;HK808豆荚的蛋白质含量比其野生型高。豆荚的MDA含量比叶片低,且东农42豆荚的MDA含量略高于HK808,豆荚的SOD活性呈下降趋势,但比东农42叶片的活性高,表明豆荚的抗氧化能力比东农42的叶片强。     

蝴蝶兰PhaSEP3基因的克隆及其在突变体中的表达

E类MADS-box是花器官发育分子模型中必不可少的基因,通过突变体研究其表达模式将为深入理解兰科植物花器官的分子机理与完善花发育调控理论提供依据。采用RACE(rapid-amplification of cDNA ends)技术从蝴蝶兰花瓣中克隆了一个E类MADS-box基因PhaSEP3(GenBank登录号为MZ436812),并采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析了该基因在蝴蝶兰不同组织和5种突变体中的表达水平。结果表明,该基因cDNA全长为1 236 bp,具有753 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),可编码250个氨基酸,其C端具有SEPⅠ和SEPⅡ基序。系统进化分析显示,该基因编码蛋白质与蝴蝶兰属的PeSEP3和AGL9亲缘关系最近。组织特异表达分析表明,PhaSEP3基因主要在生殖器官和授粉后子房中表达;在不同突变体中,PhaSEP3基因在侧萼唇瓣化突变体的萼片和唇瓣中表达水平显著升高;在退化雄蕊瓣化突变体的侧瓣、唇瓣和子房中表达水平显著降低,在蕊柱中的表达水平显著升高;在侧瓣唇瓣化突变体的侧瓣和唇瓣中表达水平显著升高;在侧瓣退化突变体的侧瓣中表达水平显著降低,而在蕊柱和子房中表达水平显著升高;在侧瓣雄化突变体中,该基因的表达水平在萼片和侧瓣中均显著升高。分析认为,PhaSEP3基因主要调控蝴蝶兰花器官各轮组织与授粉后子房的发育,在突变体花器官中,PhaSEP3类基因可能与其他花发育基因互作参与花器官形态的发育调控。该研究结果为进一步理解兰科植物花器官多样性的调控机理提供了资料。