Chromosomal Location of Genes for Resistance to Puccinia striiformis in the Wheat Line TP1295 Selected from the Cross of Soissonais-Desprez with Lemhi

Crosses of a wheat line TP1295 with the cultivar Chinese Spring monosomic series were used to locate, on chromosome 1D, a major gene for resistance to isolate WYR 85-22 of race 6E0 of Puccinia striiformis. The gene is designated as Yr25 and is probably present in several of the cultivars currently widely used for differentiating races of this pathogen. The expression of the gene was modified by the environment and by at least one minor gene which may be located on chromosome 6A. In F2 and F3 generations from a cross between TP1295 and euploid Chinese Spring, a wide range of variation in infection type (IT) was observed. This precluded the classification of the plants as either resistant or susceptible, so they were assigned to 6 classes and analyzed by factorial correspondence analysis and non-hierarchical classification. When all F3 plants in a family were fully resistant, like TP1295 itself (IT ;), both Yr25 and the modifying gene were assumed to be present and homozygous. In environments favourable to expression of the gene, families thought to carry Yr25 alone had a distribution of ITs from fully resistant (IT ;) to intermediate (IT 2, rarely 3 or 3+). This F3 analysis indicated that use of IT data alone, in the monosomic analysis, would not reveal the chromosomal location of the genes and that chromosome counting of numerous plants was necessary. As well as indicating the chromosomes carrying the genes for resistance to isolate WYR 85-22, the data showed that plants monosomic for chromosomes 5B and 5D were more resistant than the corresponding disomics, indicating that these chromosomes promote susceptibility and supporting other evidence of the effects of these chromosomes on yellow rust resistance.     

2006年贵州省赫章县秋季小麦条锈病调查

为了解中国新发现的小麦条锈病菌越夏区贵州省赫章县小麦条锈病秋季发生情况,2006年秋季笔者主要对该县古基乡、野马川镇、六曲河镇进行了调查,共调查119块地,自生麦病田率为55%,秋播小麦病田率为20.20%。古基乡发病较多,自生麦苗上有多个发病中心,有的秋播小麦田块亦呈现病叶较集中现象。在海拔1660-1910m范围内,都有小麦条锈病发生,说明当地越夏菌源能够为本地区秋苗发病提供充足菌量。对进一步研究内容进行了讨论并提出了赫章县小麦条锈病治理措施。     

杉木树干材积分析

就杉木人工林立木树干材积的估测，材积按树高分布，材积的组成等有关问题进行了探讨。     

中国不同春麦区小麦地方种质抗条锈病评价及抗性基因分析

为明确中国不同春麦区小麦地方种质对当前小麦生产上流行的条锈病菌Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritic的抗性水平及其所含抗性基因，利用条锈病菌生理小种条中32（CYR32）和条中34（CYR34）及混合生理小种（致病类群）对来自5个春麦区的196份小麦地方种质进行苗期、成株期抗性鉴定，并通过6个已知条锈病抗性基因Yr9、Yr18、Yr26、Yr48、Yr65和Yr67对其所含重要抗性基因进行分子标记检测。结果显示，在苗期，有11份小麦地方种质对CYR32表现出抗性，有12份对CYR34表现出抗性，分别占供试种质总数的5.61%和6.12%；有6份对CYR32和CYR34均表现出抗性；在成株期，有59份小麦地方种质在5个田间诱导环境下表现出稳定的抗性。有119份小麦地方种质检测到含抗性基因，其中有3份携带Yr9，有50份携带Yr18，有43份携带Yr48，有54份携带Yr65，所有供试种质均未检测到Yr26和Yr67，抗性基因的组合分析发现，共有31份小麦地方种质携带4种抗性基因组合类型Yr9+Yr18、Yr18+Yr48、Yr18+Yr65和Yr48+Yr65。表明来自中国5个春麦区的小麦地方种质条锈病抗性表型呈多样性，且携带目前在小麦抗病育种和生产上有效的条锈病抗性基因（组合），建议加大对小麦地方种质的保护和应用力度。     

四川马尾松疱锈病病原菌及转主寄主的初步研究

马尾松疱锈病是我省马尾松中幼林分的毁灭性枝干病害。经系列实验证明马尾松疱锈病菌的转主寄主为芍药科的山芍药（ Ｐａｅｏｎｉａ ｏｂｏｖａｔａ Ｈａｘｉｍ ），病原菌为松芍柱锈菌（ Ｃｒｏｎａｒｔｉｕｍ ｆｌａｃｃｉｄｕｍ （ Ａｌｂ． ｅｔ Ｓｃｈｗ ．） Ｗ ｉｎｔｅｒ）。     

甘蔗茎尖脱毒培养技术研究

针对热处理结合茎尖分生组织培养甘蔗脱毒苗在茎尖培养阶段由于污染率和褐变率高培养成功率较低问题，在甘蔗的热处理、茎尖解剖、接种等阶段设计不同试验进行研究探讨，以期提高茎尖培养的成活率和成功率。试验结果表明，不同的甘蔗品种在热处理时应需不同的水浴温度和时间；在茎尖解剖前，使用75％酒精处理可以减少茎尖培养的污染率；在接种前，将茎尖放到无菌水或者150mg／L的PVP（聚乙烯毗咯烷酮）溶液中浸泡15min可以减少酚污染，PVP还对其生长有促进作用；活性炭的作用有利有弊，需要进一步的研究确定其用量。     

柚矮化病的品种感病性调查

以特征性症状春梢叶片扭曲畸形和枝条茎陷点为诊断依据，调查结果表明，５５个柚类品种中有２２个发病，占调查品种数的４０％；２８个沙田柚砧穗组合中有２２个发病，占调查砧穗组合数的７８．５％。以沙田柚实生苗和酸柚实生苗作指示植物，对温州蜜柑上的类似矮化病的叶片扭曲症状进行鉴定的结果，指示植物上表现出与接种沙田柚矮化病病原的指示植物相似的春梢叶片扭曲及茎陷点症状。     

白头翁锈病近程传播及空间分布型研究

白头翁锈病是近年来我国新报道发生的一种病害,在辽宁省保护地白头翁生产中,病害尤为严重.根据植物病害流行学原理和研究方法,对沈阳地区白头翁锈病菌近程传播及空间分布进行了研究.对调查数据进行回归分析,结果表明:指数模型是沈阳地区白头翁锈病近程传播中的最佳模型,顺风传播梯度可用y=570.63e-0.0055x描述,侧风向传播梯度可用y=1 004.9e-0.0116x描述(y为锈病的发病程度,x为距菌源中心的距离).在全田普遍发病的条件下,白头翁锈病在1个月内顺风向传播距离约为100 m;侧风向传播距离约为55 m.白头翁锈病病株空间分布型在病害发生前期和中期为聚集分布,后期为均匀分布.     

白花败酱组织培养及快速繁殖研究

选取长势较好、无病害野生白花败酱植株的茎尖及茎段作为外植体进行组织培养,以MS为基本培养基,设计不同激素浓度配比试验,筛选最佳培养基配方。结果表明:采用0.1%HgCl2对外植体进行消毒,茎尖最佳消毒时间为10 min,茎段为15 min;最佳诱导培养基配方是MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,诱导率100%,增殖培养基MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L,增殖倍数7.8;生根壮苗培养基是MS+NAA 1 mg/L+马铃薯5%。     

Changes on carbohydrates and nitrogen content in the bark tissues induced by artificial chilling and its relationship with dormancy bud break in Prunus sp.

Stem cuttings of peach, nectarine, plum and apricot, obtained from 1-year-old shoots at leaf drop in autumn, were exposed at a constant 3.0 ± 0.1 °C to simulate different chilling accumulation treatments (0, 500, and 1000 chilling hours). A set of 10 excised shoots was forced to budbreak after chilling accumulation; a second set of 10 excised shoots was used to analyse sugars, starch, and ammonium-, nitric- and proteinaceous-nitrogen content in the bark tissues. Sorbitol, fructose and glucose were the main sugars in the bark tissues, whereas sucrose and rafinose showed the lowest quantities in all Prunus sp. studied. Sorbitol and starch concentration decreased whereas glucose and fructose concentration increased with chilling. Ammonium-nitrogen showed the more dramatic increase with medium chilling treatment, decreasing again at high chilling exposure. No modifications in proteinaceous- and nitric-nitrogen levels were observed due to chilling. Chilling treatments increasing flowering intensity showed high ammonium- and proteinaceous-nitrogen content in the bark tissues of the stem cuttings, whereas those reducing flowering intensity showed high starch and nitric-nitrogen content, in three of the four Prunus sp. studied. Ammonium-nitrogen content gives the highest correlation with flowering intensity.