中国不同春麦区小麦地方种质抗条锈病评价及抗性基因分析

为明确中国不同春麦区小麦地方种质对当前小麦生产上流行的条锈病菌Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritic的抗性水平及其所含抗性基因，利用条锈病菌生理小种条中32（CYR32）和条中34（CYR34）及混合生理小种（致病类群）对来自5个春麦区的196份小麦地方种质进行苗期、成株期抗性鉴定，并通过6个已知条锈病抗性基因Yr9、Yr18、Yr26、Yr48、Yr65和Yr67对其所含重要抗性基因进行分子标记检测。结果显示，在苗期，有11份小麦地方种质对CYR32表现出抗性，有12份对CYR34表现出抗性，分别占供试种质总数的5.61%和6.12%；有6份对CYR32和CYR34均表现出抗性；在成株期，有59份小麦地方种质在5个田间诱导环境下表现出稳定的抗性。有119份小麦地方种质检测到含抗性基因，其中有3份携带Yr9，有50份携带Yr18，有43份携带Yr48，有54份携带Yr65，所有供试种质均未检测到Yr26和Yr67，抗性基因的组合分析发现，共有31份小麦地方种质携带4种抗性基因组合类型Yr9+Yr18、Yr18+Yr48、Yr18+Yr65和Yr48+Yr65。表明来自中国5个春麦区的小麦地方种质条锈病抗性表型呈多样性，且携带目前在小麦抗病育种和生产上有效的条锈病抗性基因（组合），建议加大对小麦地方种质的保护和应用力度。

Evaluation of resistance to stripe rust and analysis of Yr genes of wheat landraces from different spring wheat growing regions in China

To identify the resistant levels to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and Yr genes of wheat landraces derived from different spring wheat growing regions in China, 196 wheat landraces were inoculated at seedling stage with two races (CYR32 and CYR34) of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in greenhouse and at adult-plant stage with mixed races of CYR32, CYR33, CYR34, Su11-4 and Su11-5 in field, respectively. Meanwhile, the panel of wheat landraces was detected with the closely linked molecular markers of stripe rust resistance genes Yr9, Yr18, Yr26, Yr48, Yr65 and Yr67. The results showed that 11 accessions of wheat landraces (5.61%) were resistant to CYR32 and 12 accessions (6.12%) to CYR34, and six accessions were resistant to both CYR32 and CYR34 at seedling stage. Fifty-nine accessions of wheat landraces showed stable resistance to mixed races at the adult-plant stage in all of five field conditions. There were 119 accessions of wheat landraces carried resistance genes, three accessions carried Yr9, 50 accessions carried Yr18, 43 accessions carried Yr48 and 54 accessions carried Yr65, all of the tested accessions did not contain Yr26 and Yr67. The combination analysis of resistance genes showed that 31 accessions carried four kinds of resistance genes combination types (Yr9+Yr18, Yr18+Yr48, Yr18+Yr65 and Yr48+Yr65). The results demonstrated that the resistance to stripe rust of accessions derived from different spring wheat growing regions in China were diverse and carried effective resistance genes. Therefore, it is important to protect and strengthen utilization of the wheat landraces in the future.