华南5号和华南6号木薯体胚发生 过程中酯酶和淀粉酶同工酶分析

以木薯华南5号(SC5)和华南6号(SC6)两个品种的成熟体胚子叶为外植体进行体胚诱导培养。对诱导培养0、5、10、20、30 d的材料,采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳比较其酯酶(EST)和淀粉酶同工酶酶谱的差异。结果表明,酯酶同工酶的表达在品种间存在差异。SC5中E2和E3条带与SC6中E’2和E’3条带迁移率不一致,可能是品种差异的原因。表达最强的酶带在SC5中是E3,SC6是E’4。两个品种淀粉酶同工酶的区别在于,SC5诱导过程中最多时有3条酶带出现,而SC6自始至终只有1条酶带出现。SC5酶带最亮时出现在体胚诱导培养5 d时,且此时也是酶带最多的时候。SC6酶带出现的最亮时是在外植体诱导前和诱导培养20 d时。     

脊椎动物四纲几种不同组织乳酸脱氢酶同工酶酶谱的比较

本文以蟾蜍(两栖纲)、扬子鳄(爬行纲)、鹌鹑(鸟纲)、家兔(哺乳纲)的肾、肝、心脏3种组织为材料,采用聚丙烯酰胺圆盘电泳,获得了相应组织的乳酸脱氢酶的电泳酶谱和扫描曲线图。结果表明,不同纲的脊椎动物之间及不同组织之间的乳酸脱氢酶的种类、活性大小有一定差异,但与脊椎动物系统演化之间无明显平行关系。     

棉花晋A细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系的同工酶分析

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法 ,比较分析了棉花晋A细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系的过氧化物酶同工酶和细胞色素氧化酶同工酶。分析结果表明 :晋A细胞质雄性不育系与其保持系的两种同工酶有着明显的差异 ,这种差异产生的时期与其细胞形态学观察到的小孢子败育时期一致。这说明雄性不育基因调控了同工酶的形成和差异。     

4种芦蒿的鉴定·分类与评价

[目的]为研究芦蒿的种质资源和遗传机制奠定基础。[方法]以在南京地区栽培的4个芦蒿品种(红芦蒿、伏秋青芦蒿、冬春青芦蒿和白芦蒿)为材料,利用形态学观察和同工酶技术对4个芦蒿品种进行鉴定与分类,并对其农艺性状进行综合评价。[结果]通过形态学观察,可初步确定4份材料为芦蒿,且存在明显的形态差异。4个芦蒿品种有12条过氧化物酶共同谱带和6条酯酶共同谱带,分别占总位点数的92.3%和50.0%,从酶蛋白水平上进一步证实4份材料均属芦蒿种。4份材料间同工酶谱带也有显著差异,与表型差异相一致。田间调查表明,在相同生长环境中伏秋青芦蒿和冬春青芦蒿的生长势较好、产量较高,这与同工酶分析结果相一致。[结论]伏秋青芦蒿和冬春青芦蒿在芦蒿育种中具有较高的利用价值。     

池蝶蚌与三角帆蚌种群的遗传变异分析

采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺垂直板电泳技术和特异性染色方法,对池蝶蚌和三角帆蚌两个种群的4个年龄段和4种组织(外套膜、闭壳肌、肝脏和鳃)中的两种同工酶(EST、MDH)进行分析。结果表明,这两种贝类的同工酶具有明显的组织特异性,且三角帆蚌种群的遗传多样性较池蝶蚌种群丰富。     

果蔗不同器官在不同生育期的同工酶聚类相关分析

为了解过氧化物酶(POD)和酯酶(EST)同工酶在果蔗生长中的变化规律,本研究选择不同的取样时期和植株不同器官,对8个果蔗品种利用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺电泳得出的叶片、根组织不同生育时期POD、EST同工酶酶谱进行聚类分析,并检测其相关性。结果表明:(1)不同品种间同工酶谱的遗传相似系数存在差异,特别是外引黑皮果蔗(Badila)与中国地方品种之间存在着一定的遗传差异;(2)不同生育时期叶片或根部的POD同工酶和EST同工酶酶谱的聚类图都存在着差异;(3)叶片中的POD、EST酶谱在各个生育时期均达到极显著相关。说明叶片是这两种酶基因表达的最重要活性部位,因此叶片可以作为同工酶分析较为稳定和适宜的采样部位。     

甘蓝型油菜5个同质CMS系及其保持系、杂交种的同工酶比较

以甘蓝型油菜5种同质异核不育系及相应保持系、5种恢复系、15种杂交F1为试材,进行酯酶(EST)、过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶分析。结果表明:各不育系与其近等基因系——保持系的EST、POD同工酶酶谱较为相似,而5种不育系间及5对不育系与保持系间的差异无规律可循。聚类结果表明聚在一起的类群均有亲缘关系。同工酶表现为明显的共显性,EST尤为明显,不同材料具有各自特殊条带,杂种F1综合了双亲条带,因而也有与每一亲本不同之处。说明共显性的EST等同工酶可用于分析亲缘关系、建立品种指纹及鉴定杂交种纯度等。     

水稻外源DNA“大量注射直接导入法”及后代同工酶分析

从梗型光敏核不育材料农垦58s中提取外源DNA,在水稻幼穗发育2～4期,大量直接注射到受体亲本晚40和南京11中,成功地诱导出大批遗传变异材料,并获得了几个育性具有光敏转换特性的不育系。酯酶同工酶及过氧化物酶同工酶分析表明,六个变异株系的两种同工酶酶谱与受体存在较大差异,且具有供体农垦58s的特征酶带。同工酶变异的程度可以与形态特征的差异程度相互印证。     

Yam (Dioscorea ssp.) domestication by the Nago and Fon ethnic groups in Benin

Guinea yams (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata complex; D. rotundata Poir. and D. cayenensis Lam.) have been described as resulting from a process of domestication of wild yams of the section Enantiophyllum by African farmers. Although currently practised by few farmers, the process of yam domestication is still on-going in Benin. In order to document the practices used and the indigenous knowledge maintained by Nago and Fon farmers, 27 villages were surveyed. In total, 57 farmers domesticating yam were identified, and 68 yams newly domesticated (or in domestication) were collected. Fon and Nago farmers domesticate yam mainly to widen the genetic basis of the existing diversity or for simple curiosity. Among the three wild yams species (D. abyssinica Hochst. ex Kunth, D. praehensilis Benth. and D. burkilliana J. Miège) used, D. praehensilis is the most important and the most exploited. Tuber of the wild yams are collected either in the bush (most often near the village) or in the forests (far from the village) during hunting. The domestication process consists of bringing into cultivation selected individuals which go through intense vegetative multiplication and selection procedures (over a lengthy but variable period of time) that induce morphological and biochemical changes in the plant mainly at the tuber level. Individuals resulting from these manipulations were found to be, either similar or identical to known landraces or completely new based on both morphological and isozyme analysis. Because it leads to some new cultivars, this process of domestication has potential in yam breeding and appears to be a strategy that could be useful to breeders, while developing a methodology for participatory breeding of yam.     

Isozyme analysis of indigenous cassava germplasm for identification of duplicates

Isozyme analysis was utilized for identification of duplicates in indigenous collection of cassava germplasm. 786 indigenous accessions of cassava were screened for 11 key morphological characters and the morphological duplicates were identified. Two hundred and eighteen accessions of cassava consisting of ninety one sets of morphological duplicates were analysed for esterase isozyme polymorphism. Thirty seven polymorphic bands were obtained, showing high polymorphism for this enzyme. Thirty seven double sets and 17 multiple sets were found to be similar at isozyme level. These isozyme duplicates will be further analysed for DNA similarity before eliminating them from the field germplasm. The dissimilar sets showed variation in minor morphological characters, thus confirming the relation between isozyme polymorphism and phenotypic variation.