苹果汁品质评价方法研究进展

苹果汁是我国苹果产业的主要加工产品,因其营养丰富、风味独特受到广大消费者的喜爱,准确快速评价苹果汁品质对苹果汁的加工、储藏、流通和贸易具有重要指导意义。本文对不同的苹果汁产品的感官评价语言与方法进行了综述,分析了加工品质指标、感官品质指标和理化与营养品质指标的仪器测定方法与最新研究进展,品质评价指标筛选方法及综合评价方法,以期为不同苹果汁产品评价体系的建立提供参考。     

Developing scoring functions for soil quality to assess land suitability for irrigated wheat in Southern Algeria

Efficient land-use management could be optimized through appropriate advice regarding land suitability and achieving a reasonable yield while preserving soil and environmental conditions. The main objective of this study was to determine and define those locations capable of wheat cultivation with irrigation in the municipality of N’goussa (Southern Algeria). Expert opinion (EO) method was used for selecting minimum soil data set (MDS_-EO), where six influencing soil properties (sand, pH, salinity, organic matter, gypsum and lime) and other three key parameters (slope, land use/land cover, and proximity to roads and electricity network) were considered important for irrigated wheat cultivation in the study area. Indicators were weighted according to principal component analysis (PCA) loadings and summed. PCA revealed that the selected nine indicators are appropriate for accounting 73.63% of the total variance. Two maps of land suitability were created here (expressed as a soil quality index within a range from 0 to 1) from multivariate analysis and already known standard scoring functions (SSFs) by using two data sets (pure and scored). The distribution of soil quality index (IQI) showed that above 70% of the land was moderately (MS) to highly suitable (HS) for irrigated wheat. The estimation accuracy of soil quality classes has been evaluated using random forests (RF), having as a dependent variable the final class of land suitability used in each map. It was determined that estimation accuracy could reach 60% (pure data set) and 65% (scored data set) at 0.5 cut-off value for soil quality classes. Final prioritizing according to ranks of sensitivity index (SI) and efficiency ratio (ER) showed that IQI obtained from scored data set is the most suitable approach in soil quality assessment of arid areas. Therefore, it could be applied in southern Algeria for land management, integrated planning and environmental assessments.     

基于GIS的琼海市胡椒土地适宜性评价

根据胡椒生长的土地利用要求,结合相关数据评价海南省琼海市胡椒适宜用地数量、质量及分布。以土地适宜性评价理论为基础,以海南省琼海市土地为评价对象,以土地利用现状图图斑为评价单元,结合琼海市的气候、土壤、地质地貌等资源数据库,选择土壤质地、坡度等10个评价因子建立数据库,借助GIS与加权指数求和法评价模型进行评价。结果表明:琼海市胡椒种植用地面积占市域总面积的91%,全市胡椒种植用地质量总体良好。胡椒适宜区用地资源主要分布在阳江、龙江、石壁、温泉、大路、烟塘、长坡。结合海南省琼海市胡椒种植用地现状和评价分析结果,对各级用地分别提出建议,这对琼海市胡椒的增产增收具有重要意义。     

基于GIS的绿色农产品基地适宜性评价

建立和完善绿色农产品基地适宜性评价方法,提高评价结果的实用性和准确性,是实现农产品安全的根本保障。研究依据基地认证者、规划者、生产者3种评价主体实际需求,分别引入污染潜在风险指标和经济状况指标,建立面向不同评价主体需求的多种主导因子评价指标体系,并借助GIS的空间分析方法进行定量评价,最后以北京大兴区为例进行了案例分析研究。结果表明,基地与工矿企业距离、与居民地距离等潜在污染风险对基地适宜性限制大,且不同评价主体下建立不同指标体系使评价更具针对性,利用GIS功能可提高效率,评价结果可视化程度好,具有很强的     

基于GIS和Logistic模型的香榧生态适宜性评价

研究香榧栽培的生态适宜性将为香榧的引种、扩种和区划提供理论依据。该研究在GIS支持下,以地学数据库为基础,以logistic 回归模型为手段,利用高分辨率遥感影像、数字高程模型以及土壤、气象和实地调查等资料对研究区香榧生态适宜性开展精确评价。研究结果表明,香榧栽培高度适宜区和中度适宜区累计占总面积的61.7%,其中高度适宜区面积达183 hm2,占总面积的11.4%,说明研究区香榧栽培发展潜力巨大。该评价结果为当地香榧资源产业化发展提供了科学依据。     

ArcGIS9空间分析建模工具在农业用地适宜性评价中的应用

依据空间处理建模技术的原理和建模流程,利用Arc GIS ModelBuilder工具,以黄淮海典型农业区山东省聊城市为案例区,进行了农业用地适宜性评价的应用。结果表明,ArcGIS9空间分析建模工具能够有效地进行农业用地适应性评价工作,且聊城市农业用地整体适应性情况较好,符合实际情况。     

基于GIS的安徽省长丰县耕地上草莓适宜性评价研究

以安徽省长丰县为例,利用GIS对长丰县不同耕地中的草莓适宜性进行了评价。通过建立评价基础属性数据库、选择评价因子、确定评价因子的组合权重和隶属度等,得出长丰县不同耕地上草莓适宜性评价的分级方案,并对结果进行了详细分析。利用GIS技术进行草莓适宜性评价研究,可以从宏观上合理布局草莓的种植,实现产量的最大化,为稳产增产提供了科学指导,同时也能为土地管理和规划提供科学的量化依据。     

The importance of population growth, seed dispersal and habitat suitability in determining plant invasiveness

Summary This paper examines the roles of plant demography, seed dispersal ecology and habitat suitability in influencing invasiveness of horticulturally important species. Section one investigates the relative invasiveness of two woody species, Crataegus monogyna and Prunus mahaleb, and concentrates on differences in demographic and dispersal traits. The second section delineates the invasion of two Asparagus spp. and concentrates on differences in seed dispersal ecology. Section three reports the use of a geographical information system analysis to determine whether habitat suitability, seed dispersal or land management is more important in determining threat of invasion by adventive Olea europaea. C. monogyma, P. mahaleb are closely related with similar habits and overlapping home ranges in Europe. Crataegus monogyna is very invasive in northern New South Wales, having spread rapidly and conspicuously throughout the region and elsewhere in southern Australia at rates of 80–120 m yr⁻¹. Prunus mahaleb is far less invasive, being restricted to a small population, which is expanding at 20 m yr⁻¹. Demographic analysis showed that potential growth rates of P. mahaleb (1.713–1.490) are greater than those for C. monogyna (1.138–1.103). Assessment of the seed dispersal ecology of both species revealed that C. monogyna had seeds dispersed by one bird and three mammals over many kilometers. P. mahaleb had seeds dispersed by six birds and four mammals over distances generally < 100 m. The role of humans in introducing both species and the characteristics of seed dispersal are more influential than demography in determining invasiveness. The more invasive Asparagus asparagoides has smaller fruit with a bicoloured display up to 1.5 m above ground. Less invasive A. declinatus has larger, translucent white fruit displayed at heights < 0.5 m above ground. The role of humans has also been important in shaping the course of invasion. Sensitivity analysis confirms that land management practices, which affect Olea europaea seedling establishment and survival, are most important at a landscape scale in determining invasiveness. The main factors determining the difference in invasiveness relate directly to the changing nature of human management of each species and the ecological interactions between the plants and the invaded environment. This research has implications for the prediction and management of biological invasions; emphasizing the importance of seed dispersal and human activities in determining the course of invasions: both of which cannot be readily predicted.     

基于GIS的土壤适宜性评价方法研究与系统实现

以漳州市为研究区域,采用矢量数据结构模型,以评价因子图层叠加后生成的图斑作为评价单元,在组件式GIS开发工具SuperMap软件支持下,建立一种可以由用户任意选择进行适宜性评价的农作物对象,确定适宜性评价指标和评价标准的适宜性评价咨询系统.系统支持用户事先将不作评价的地物类型剔除,同时可以通过将用户在使用系统过程中建立的各种农作物生态指标库保存起来,从而使系统在用户的不断参与下更加方便实用.同时系统能够对收集的各类数据进行动态管理,具有相关的统计、分析和管理功能,可方便及时地为地区引进农作物新品种,并为农业生产结构调整提供依据.结合土壤适宜性评价系统的开发实践,对土壤适宜性评价的实现过程与方法进行了探讨.     

红壤小流域热带水果产量潜力估算与气候适宜性分析 --以敢上小流域为例

采用联合国粮农组织推荐的“农业生态地带法”,结合层次递减法 ,对敢上小流域龙眼、荔枝、芒果经济产量潜力进行了估算 ,并依据影响龙眼、荔枝、芒果产量的关键气象因子进行气候适宜性分析。结果表明 :敢上小流域适宜发展芒果和早熟龙眼、荔枝 ,不宜发展迟熟龙眼、荔枝 ,要实现果树稳产、高产必须有效克服水分条件对生产潜力的制约