Performance of forest groups in achieving multifunctional forestry in Flanders

The forest group is a new policy instrument in Flanders (northern Belgium) to realise multifunctional forest management. This group was introduced in 1995 and organises the various kinds of forest owners, private as well as public, on a local basis (mean working area 751 km²), with voluntary participation (as in all forest owner organisations). This study evaluates forest groups in Flanders through an analysis of their relevance, effectiveness, utility and implementation. The targets of forest groups are relevant to the evolving needs and priorities at the local, regional, national and international level. The effectiveness analysis reveals that most indicators — including the quantity of timber harvest, the number of members, the forest area with an accepted management plan, the area under management and the area with small-scale ecological measures — have been improving between 1995 and 2004. The utility analysis emphasises that the owners are motivated because the forest group provides information and increases knowledge, includes the owner into a collective management plan, offers a platform for sharing management experiences and acts as a union force against the government. However, the forest group is not the solution to introduce multifunctional forest management by all forest owners. The implementation analysis identifies a number of impeding factors, including the imbalance between rights and duties, inconsistencies between various policy aims, and failure of forest groups to act as a common forum for all stakeholders in their working area.     

中东欧前社会主义国家森林私有化概况与发展趋势

概括介绍了中东欧前社会主义国家林权私有化的现状、面临的种种挑战和发展趋势。     

对当前大学生就业的一点思考

本文就当前大学生的就业问题,分析了当前大学生就业难的原因,并结合当前形势进行了思索,提出了解决就业难的一些方案和具体思路。     

The implications of various silvicultural funding arrangements for privately managed public forest land in Canada

When devising policies for financing private silvicultural operations on public forest land, government agencies should consider carefully the benefits and costs of alternative arrangements and how they arc likely to affect tenure holders' behavior. Three general methods of achieving silvicultural objectives arc discussed — the creation of incentives for private voluntary expenditures, reimbursement by governments of expenditures on approved or required silvicultural operations, and required silvicultural operations at the tenure holder's expense.Private firms will only invest voluntarily in silviculture on public lands if they have adequate security of tenure and hold sufficient equity in the timber values resulting from their activities. If firms' silvicultural costs arc reimbursed, their behavior will depend on the extent of reimbursement and whether they have a financial interest in the outcomes of their reimbursed activities. Generally, reimbursement of expenditures must be supported by minimum performance standards and costly monitoring and enforcement procedures. If silvicultural operations are required at the tenure holder's expense, firms will only undertake silviculture to avoid penalties and have a strong incentive to achieve required standards at minimum cost. More stringent monitoring and enforcement procedures may be necessary than if costs arc reimbursed.The impact of policy alternatives is illustrated by means of a survey of silvicultural expenditures on two forest tenure types in British Columbia.     

日本的森林生态效益补偿制度及最新实践

系统介绍了日本的保安林制度和水源税制度等2种森林生态效益补偿制度，对我国森林生态补偿制度存在的问题进行了分析，借鉴日本的经验，提出了加大宣传力度，提高全社会对森林生态效益的认识；建立多渠道、多层次的资金筹措机制；进一步完善配套措施，建立多途径、多方式的补偿机制；建立损失评价制度，提高补偿标准；理顺管理体制，明确补偿重点等政策建议。     

清洁能源产业发展财税政策研究综述

搜集了大量中文、英文文献,对“我国清洁能源产业发展财税政策”的相关研究进行了一个系统、全面的文献综述。从清洁能源产业的历史地位、现状、促进我国清洁能源产业发展的财税政策研究等角度,整理了现有文献的观点,在总结学术界研究特点基础上,分析了几种代表性的观点。研究发现：目前我国清洁能源产业正处于初始阶段,仍然存在许多困境,我国必须针对于这些不足,制定合理的财税政策来促进清洁能源产业的发展。以期为研究我国清洁能源产业发展财税政策提供参考。     

乡村振兴战略背景下种植业系统国有单位工作体系发展趋势研究

种植业系统国有单位作为保障粮食安全的国家队,肩负推动乡村振兴战略实施的重要使命。通过对比2017—2020年农业农村系统国有单位人事劳动统计数据,详细阐述了机构编制、从业人员、职工工资等变化情况。从研究结果可以看出,随着乡村振兴战略的实施深化,种植业系统国有单位机构持续精简,人员结构进一步优化,职工工资待遇不断提升,为助力乡村全面振兴提供了基础保障。聚焦种植业系统国有单位工作体系存在的主要问题,有针对性提出了政策建议,为当前摸清“三农”工作队伍家底提供数据支撑,以推动种植业系统国有单位工作体系进一步发展。     

我国农产品加工业发展现状及对策

农产品加工业是我国最大的制造业,是经济发展的战略性支柱产业。通过对我国农产品加工业的发展现状进行概述分析,剖析其与国外一些发达国家相比存在的问题,发现我国农产品加工产业整体呈现稳步向前的发展态势,但各区域发展尚不平衡,农产品加工转化率、农产品加工业与农业总产值比有待提高。鉴于此,从政策引领、标准体系、各地特色与优势和科技创新4方面提出对策与建议,探讨我国农产品加工业如何突破制约和瓶颈,提高农产品加工转化率,提升农产品加工业与农业总产值比,增强自主创新能力,优化产业转型升级,促进我国农产品加工业快速发展。     

临时收储政策退出对玉米期货和现货价格发现功能的影响

借助改进的蛛网模型,分析了临时收储政策退出对我国玉米期货和现货市场价格发现功能的影响机理;并综合运用滚动协整、VECM、BEKK-GARCH与IS模型,系统探究了2009—2019年我国临储政策及其改革对玉米期货和现货市场价格发现功能的影响。研究发现:1)我国玉米期货和现货价格存在相互引导关系。2)BEKKGARCH模型表明,我国玉米现货价格和期货价格之间存在单向波动溢出效应,临储政策的退出使期货和现货价格的关系更为密切。3)IS模型进一步揭示,临储政策削弱了我国玉米期货价格发现功能;不过随着政策退出,玉米期货市场已在价格发现过程中重获主导地位。4)从区域视角来看,临储政策退出后,全国各地区的玉米期货市场价格发现功能获得了不同程度的改善;作为政策主要实施地域,东北的玉米期货价格发现功能所获改善尤为显著。玉米临储政策市场化改革成效初显,可为后续稻谷、小麦最低收购价政策调整提供有力经验借鉴。     

经济政策不确定性对中国粮食安全的影响

为探究经济政策不确定性对中国粮食安全的影响,基于2000—2018年中国31个省(市、自治区,统计数据未含港澳台地区)的面板数据,采用PVAR模型,研究经济政策不确定性对中国粮食供给安全、获取安全、稳定性安全和资源安全的影响及区域差异。结果表明:1)总体上,经济政策不确定性对中国粮食安全具有负向影响。2)分区域看,粮食主产区的供给安全受经济政策不确定性负向影响最大,粮食主销区的获取安全受经济政策不确定性冲击最为明显,经济政策不确定性对粮食产销平衡区的冲击最小。3)从粮食安全衡量维度看,经济政策不确定性对供给安全、获取安全和资源安全具有抑制影响,对稳定性安全呈现正向冲击作用。为确保粮食安全,中国应继续加强对粮食生产政策支持、稳定国内粮食价格和健全保障粮食安全的制度机制。