A two-year field trial was conducted to determine the growth response, and root emergence pattern of interior lodgepole pine
(Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) seedlings in response to container type and forest floor removal. Seedlings were grown in StyroblocksTM, CopperblocksTM, or AirBlocksTM, and were planted directly into the undisturbed forest floor or into manually prepared planting spots where the forest floor
had been scraped away to expose the mineral soil. Seedlings planted into scalped planting spots exhibited marginally but significantly
(7%) greater above-ground growth rates (seedling stem volume); whereas seedlings planted into the forest floor produced significantly
more (11%) new roots. There were no differences in above- or below-ground biomass. Seedlings grown in CopperblockTM containers produced a higher proportion of roots near the top of the plug when tested at lifting, however this pattern was
not observed in the field. Given that scalping is more costly than forest floor planting, and that the increased shoot growth
was relatively small, we recommend that forest floor planting be considered as an alternative to manual spot scalping for
sites, such as the site tested here: those with cold, but well-drained soils and where competition from other plants is not
a serious problem. 相似文献
Relatively little is known about soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in montane ecosystems of the semi-arid western U.S. or the stability of current SOC pools under future climate change scenarios. We measured the distribution and quality of SOC in a mosaic of rangeland-forest vegetation types that occurs under similar climatic conditions on non-calcareous soils at Utah State University's T.W. Daniel Experimental Forest in northern Utah: the forest types were aspen [Populus tremuloides] and conifer (mixture of fir [Abies lasiocarpa] and spruce [Picea engelmannii]); the rangeland types were sagebrush steppe [Artemisia tridentata], grass-forb meadow, and a meadow-conifer ecotone. Total SOC was calculated from OC concentrations, estimates of bulk density by texture and rock-free soil volume in five pedons. The SOC quality was expressed in terms of leaching potential and decomposability. Amount and aromaticity of water-soluble organic carbon (DOC) was determined by water extraction and specific ultra violet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA) of leached DOC. Decomposability of SOC and DOC was derived from laboratory incubation of soil samples and water extracts, respectively.
Although there was little difference in total SOC between soils sampled under different vegetation types, vertical distribution, and quality of SOC appeared to be influenced by vegetation. Forest soils had a distinct O horizon and higher SOC concentration in near-surface mineral horizons that declined sharply with depth. Rangeland soils lacked O horizons and SOC concentration declined more gradually. Quality of SOC under rangelands was more uniform with depth and SOC was less soluble and less decomposable (i.e., more stable) than under forests. However, DOC in grass-forb meadow soils was less aromatic and more bioavailable, likely promoting C retention through cycling. The SOC in forest soils was notably more leachable and decomposable, especially near the soil surface, with stability increasing with soil depth. Across the entire dataset, there was a weak inverse relationship between the decomposability and the aromaticity of DOC. Our data indicate that despite similar SOC pools, vegetation type may affect SOC retention capacity under future climate projections by influencing potential SOC losses via leaching and decomposition. 相似文献