绵羊实验性钼中毒研究——Ⅱ.超高钼摄入与体内钼、铜状态

16只健康成年绵羊,按体重随机分为4组,每组4只。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日给钼量分别为60、30和15mg/kg体重,Ⅳ组不给钼作为对照。实验观察期(150d)间,内服超高水平钼(相当于日粮的250～1000ppm)的绵羊,主要表现为肝、肾等组织铜和血浆总铜含量以及血浆铜蓝蛋白氧化酶(Cp)活性增高,未发现钼诱导性铜缺乏的直接证据。各实验羊在投钼后10d血浆三氯醋酸(TCA)不溶铜显著增多并趋于稳定,约占血浆总铜的57.8～58.2％;血浆、组织及被毛的钼含量均极度升高,实验结束时毛钼达17～28ppm,与累计投钼量及肝、肾等组织钼含量均呈正相关。作者认为,血浆TCA不溶铜可作为绵羊钼过多症的早期特异性指标,毛钼含量可作为环境钼污染动物监测的普查指标。     

酸性土壤上 磷、钼对菜豌豆效应的研究

在酸性土壤上增施一定量的磷、钼,能显著提高莱豌豆的品质和产量。施钼或石灰的作用相同。施钼浓度以5ppm为临界值,50ppm以上将损伤植株,250ppm则毒害植株。     

The Concentrations of Molybdenum and Zinc in Liver in Relation to Copper Accumulation in Normal and Copper Poisoned Sheep

The concentrations of copper, molybdenum and zinc were measured in the liver of normal grazing sheep and lambs from Eastern Norway, and in sheep dead of chronic copper poisoning. The following mean values were found: Normal sheep: 173 ± 130 μg Gu/g wet weight, 1.0 ±0.3 μg Mo/g, and 49 ± 10 μg Zn/g; lambs: 129 ± 59 μg Gu/g, 0.9 ± 0.3 μg Mo/g, and 46 ±9 μg Zn/g; sheep dead of copper poisoning: 429 ± 249 μg Gu/g, 0.4 ± 0.1 μg Mo/g, and 43 ± 2d μg Zn/g. Sheep with low liver copper (Gu < 10 μg/g) were also analyzed for molybdenum and zinc, with the following results: 1.0 ± 0.2 μg Mo/g, and 45 ± 8 μg Zn/g wet weight. The differences in liver copper between all the groups, and the differences in molybdenum concentrations between the normal sheep and the lambs and between the normal sheep and the poisoned sheep were significant (P < 0.001). No significant correlations between liver copper/liver molybdenum or liver copper/liver zinc were detected.     

纳米材料钼对大豆子叶节诱导的影响

为提高大豆子叶节转化效率,以豫豆22为试验材料,研究不同浓度(0,20,40,60 mol/L)纳米材料钼(Mo)对大豆子叶节的影响.结果表明,纳米材料钼对出芽、抽茎和生根都有促进作用,在0～40 mol/L范围内随着浓度的升高逐渐增加,40 mol/L时达到最大值,出芽率、抽茎率和生根率分别比对照提高了13.54％、13.18％和11.96％;在60 mol/L时,3项指标均下降,出芽率仍显著高于对照,抽茎率降至与对照无显著差异,生根受到抑制,生根率下降了4.76％,显著低于对照.因此,在0～40 mol/L浓度范围内,向培养基中添加纳米材料钼可以提高大豆子叶节的诱导效果.     

Role of Molybdenum on Yield,Quality, and Photosynthetic Efficiency of White Clover as a Result of the Interaction with Liming and Different Phosphorus Rates in Andisols

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of liming, molybdenum (Mo), and phosphorus (P) rates on yield, mineral and nutritional quality, and photosynthetic efficiency of Trifolium repens L. in two Andisols. The experiment used a factorial design with four, three, and two rates for Mo, P, and lime. Molybdenum and P application increased both shoot dry weight and Mo shoot concentration (10–30%). A strong competition for sorption sites between phosphate and molybdate resulted in an increase of available Mo in soil solution and therefore an increase of Mo uptake (20–40%). Significant increases (P ≤ 0.05) were observed in plants' mineral and nutritive quality and photochemical efficiency. This effect was greater in limed soils. Our results suggest a SPAD 50 value can be used as indicator of an adequate N shoot concentration in T. repens, and Mo fertilization is required to improve pasture yield and quality for livestock production.     

西昌市耕地土壤有效钼空间变异特征及影响因素分析

采用GIS和地统计相结合的方法,对西昌市耕地土壤耕层有效钼含量的空间分布特征及影响因素进行分析.结果表明:该区域内耕层土壤有效钼含量为( 0.27±0.15 )mg/kg,其空间分布呈带状,土壤有效钼含量变异函数曲线的理论模型能较好地符合指数模型;块金值与基台值之比为6.1％,具有强烈的空间相关性,表明受母质、地形、土壤类型等结构性因素影响较大;不同海拔高度对土壤有效钼含量的影响存在显著差异;不同地貌类型中土壤有效钼含量为平原＞丘陵＞山地,平原与山地之间土壤有效钼含量存在显著差异,但平原与丘陵、丘陵与山地之间无显著差异;成土母质也是影响土壤有效钼空间分布的主要因素.     

高钼对艾维因肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白的影响

300只1日龄艾维因肉鸡健雏随机分为4组,分别饲以对照日粮(Mo 13mg/kg)和高钼日粮(Mo 500mg/kg,高钼Ⅰ组;Mo 1 000mg/kg,高钼Ⅱ组;Mo 1 500mg/kg,高钼Ⅲ组)6周。病理形态学观察,高钼Ⅱ、Ⅲ组雏鸡法氏囊与对照组比较淋巴细胞减少,网状细胞增生。免疫比浊法测定,高钼Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清IgG和IgM含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),IgA含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果显示,日粮钼水平为1 000mg/kg及其以上时,雏鸡法氏囊结构受损,日粮钼水平为500mg/kg及其以上时血清IgG和IgM含量降低,雏鸡体液免疫功能受损。     

微量元素钼在畜禽生产中的应用

本文从分布、代谢、营养、缺乏及过量方面阐述了钼的特点及在畜禽生产中的应用并指出钼研究领域存在的问题和研究方向。     

钼对冬小麦硝态氮代谢的影响

采用全硝态氮霍格兰营养液为培养基质,在供应0(缺钼)、0.78(适钼)、2.74mol/L(高钼)3种钼浓度下培养小麦.,分期测定其体内ＮＯ3--Ｎ、NH4+-N、全Ｎ、吸氮量及硝酸还原酶活性.(ＮＲＡ).,研究钼对小麦ＮＯ3--Ｎ代谢的影响。结果表明.,ＮＲＡ受硝酸盐代谢库和贮存库之间的调节而不断变化.,但任何情况下钼对ＮＲＡ都有明显影响。培养初期适钼处理ＮＲＡ最高.,高钼次之.,缺钼最低.;培养后期由于缺钼处理的NO3--N浓度高于施钼处理.,ＮＲＡ随之增至最高。植株内NH4+-N、ＮＯ3--Ｎ浓度之和在不同测定时间大致稳定.,ＮＯ3--Ｎ浓度高时则NH4+-N浓度低.,反之亦然.,两者之间存在一定的负相关关系。稳定情况与钼供应有关.,适钼条件下培养开始时高的NH4+-N与低的ＮＯ3--Ｎ浓度明显对应.,之后两者浓度接近.;缺钼条件下与此类似.,但NO3--N浓度变化不大.,NH4+-N、ＮＯ3--Ｎ浓度之和最高.;高钼条件下NH4+-N浓度一直高于NO3--N。作物由溶液吸收的NO3--N与作物的吸氮量一致.,适钼时最多.,高钼次之.,缺钼最少。从适钼时作物体内NH4+-N、ＮＯ3--Ｎ浓度之和最低.,而吸氮量又最高可以看出.,合适的钼供应不但有利于NO3--N的吸收和向NH4+-N转化.,也有利NH4+-N向有机氮转     

施用硼、锌、钼肥对紫花苜蓿生长及品质的影响

试验阐明了在京郊土壤条件下施用硼、锌、钼肥对紫花苜蓿生长、品质和营养吸收的影响,为苜蓿的合理施肥提供了依据。结果表明:施用硼、锌和钼肥能够不同程度地提高苜蓿株丛数、改善结瘤、促进分枝、增加株高。微肥对产量的影响因土壤而异,当土壤有效锌、硼、钼含量分别低于1.8mg/kg、0.5mg/kg及0.1mg/kg时,施用微肥的增产效果明显。适当施用硼、锌、钼肥能够提高苜蓿粗蛋白质含量。苜蓿的吸氮量受硼、锌、钼肥影响显著,其中硼肥的作用最大,苜蓿的吸磷量受锌、钼的影响显著,吸钾量受硼、钼的影响显著。