西洋参蜜片工艺流程的优选

用正交试验法对影响西洋参蜜片中总皂甙含量、出货率、色泽、口感等因素进行试验，综合各项指标结果，得出用椴树蜂蜜蜜炙２次（１ｈ／次），烘干８ｈ为最佳处理方案。     

“巢蜜国家标准”解读

近年来,我国巢蜜生产发展势头迅猛,是部分蜂农增加创收的有效途径。作为原生态的巢蜜,深受广大消费者的喜爱。但由于“蜂蜜国标”和“蜂蜜行标”均未对巢蜜进行明确界定或纳入管理,致使产品质量存在较大问题。2017年5月1日公布实施的“国家巢蜜标准”是非常及时的,具有现实的指导意义。如何让广大蜂农和消费者学习和把握标准的内容,让标准顺利贯彻实施,以促进巢蜜生产与销售的良性循环至关重要。对巢蜜国家标准进行解读,为广大蜂农和消费者提供参考。     

白兰瓜疫病侵染循环、流行因素及防治研究

德雷疫霉(Phytophthora drechslcri)游动孢子接于白兰瓜(honey dew)叶片上,12小时侵入率达19.3%,96小时孢子囊形成数254.3个/cm~2;德雷疫霉 A_1型与辣椒疫霉(Phytoph-thora capsici)A_2型配对,接于白兰瓜叶上形成大量卵孢子。连续降雨和高温,或高温天气给瓜田灌水是疫病流行的决定因素。70%代森锰锌在低浓度时对德雷疫霉、辣椒疫霉菌丝生长、孢子囊和卵孢子形成均有明显的抑制作用。高畦栽培对烂秧防效达89.2%—92.0%,对烂瓜防效达100%。     

中蜂多层小蜂箱与意蜂标准箱生产性能比较

中华蜜蜂是我国饲养的重要蜂种之一。相较于西方蜜蜂较为统一的朗氏标准蜂箱,中蜂的蜂箱种类繁多。研发了1种中蜂多层小蜂箱,并对其生产性能进行了测定与比较。结果表明,中蜂多层小蜂箱蜂蜜夏季采集量略高于意蜂标准箱组,但差异不显著。多层小蜂箱蜂蜜波美度和含糖量高于意蜂标准箱组,含水量低于意蜂标准箱组,但差异也不显著。多层小蜂箱中蜂群势显著高于意蜂标准箱饲养组,表明多层小蜂箱比传统蜂箱更利于蜜蜂生产与繁殖。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂产品中20种喹诺酮类药物的残留量

建立了同时测定蜂蜜和蜂王浆中20种喹诺酮类药物的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。以磷酸盐缓冲液(p H 3.0)溶液提取样品中的待测物,HLB固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,外标法定量。药物在1~50 ng/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99。方法的检出限为0.5μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg,在蜂蜜和蜂王浆中添加浓度范围为1.0~5.0μg/kg,其平均回收率为69.0%~105.1%,相对标准偏差在1.4%~14.7%之间。方法抗干扰能力强、分析速度快、灵敏度高,适用于蜂产品中喹诺酮类药物残留量的测定。     

The relevance of sublethal effects in honey bee testing for pesticide risk assessment

The option of an evaluation and assessment of possible sublethal effects of pesticides on bees has been a subject of discussion by scientists and regulatory authorities. Effects considered included learning behaviour and orientation capacity. This discussion was enhanced by the French bee issue and allegations against systemic insecticides that were linked to the hypothesis that sublethal intoxication might even have led to reported colony losses. This paper considers whether and, if so, how sublethal effects should be incorporated into risk assessment, by addressing a number of questions: What is meant by a sublethal effect? Which sublethal effects should be measured, when and how? How are sublethal effects to be included in risk assessments? The authors conclude that sublethal studies may be helpful as an optional test to address particular, compound‐specific concerns, as a lower‐tier alternative to semi‐field or field testing, if the effects are shown to be ecologically relevant. However, available higher‐tier data (semi‐field, field tests) should make any additional sublethal testing unnecessary, and higher‐tier data should always override data of lower‐tier trials on sublethal effects. © Crown copyright 2007. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Risk assessment to honey bees: a scheme developed in France for non-sprayed systemic compounds

BACKGROUND: Directive 91/414/EEC envisages that the systemic properties of active substances, if any, are taken into account in evaluating the risk posed to the environment by plant protection products. Among others, honey bees may be exposed to substances via this route, which may pose problems when substances with high toxicity are ingested through pollen or nectar. The guidance documents in support of the risk assessment to bees within the framework of Directive 91/414/EEC do not provide detailed technical guidance on how to proceed in a risk assessment for substances with systemic properties. RESULTS: A stepwise approach aiming specifically to assess the risk posed by non-sprayed systemic substances to bees is therefore proposed. This approach first identifies substances with systemic properties, which should be quantified in plant material as pollen and nectar. Exposure estimates calculated for different categories of bees (e.g. foraging bees), based on expected concentrations of the product in pollen or nectar, may be compared with several toxicity endpoints for acute or chronic effects on adults and/or larvae with a toxicity/exposure ratio, which is a measurement of potential risks. CONCLUSION: Such a ratio is proposed to be used as a trigger for any further refined assessment that would focus on the measurement of effects at the colony level.     

蜂蜜中黄酮提取实验条件的研究

蜂蜜因其中含有的酚类物质具有预防癌症、抗氧化、抗感染等作用,对人体健康十分有益,其中以黄酮类物质最重要.我国目前对于蜂蜜中黄酮类化合物的研究较少.采用了不同种蜂蜜及不同实验方法,进行了黄酮含量的差异性比较,并对蜂蜜中黄酮提取的最佳实验条件进行了探索.     

石榴花蜂蜜成分分析

分别采集2011年和2012年云南省蒙自市石榴花期生产的24个蜂蜜样品,对各主要指标进行检测。测定结果表明蜂蜜样品中水分(21.92±1.64)%;淀粉酶值(18.79±6.10)mL/(g·h);酸度(14.13±1.67)(1mol/LNaOH)mL/kg;还原糖(74.20±1.49)%;葡萄糖(38.00±1.05)%;蔗糖(2.26±1.28)%;总糖(76.58±2.75)%;灰分(0.06±0.03)%。通过对两年生产的石榴花蜂蜜各指标含量进行差异性分析,结果都不显著(P>0.05)。     

闽南地区琯溪蜜柚丰产稳产栽培技术

针对闽南地区气候特点,从肥水管理、适度修剪、保花保果等方面总结琯溪蜜柚在闽南地区丰产稳产栽培关键技术。