Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Shetland Ponies: A Description of a Three-Point Injection Technique and Evaluation of Potential Analgesic Effects

Colic surgery is one of the most painful procedures carried out in horses. Common strategies to alleviate immediate postsurgical abdominal pain include the administration of potent systemic analgesics; however, these may cause unwanted adverse effects such as cardiovascular depression, ileus, and ataxia. The administration of local anesthetics at the incision site in form of an ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block may therefore be preferred to provide adequate analgesia without significant side effects. To date, no technique for a TAP block in horses undergoing median celiotomy has been described. The objective of the study was to develop a TAP block technique, which will lead to the desensitization of the ventrolateral abdominal wall and adjacent skin area of experimental Shetland Ponies using bupivacaine 0.125%. This is a prospective, blinded, self-controlled trial. A cadaver study was performed to determine the ideal injection points and the volume required to stain the nerves responsible for the sensation of the ventrolateral abdominal wall and skin in Shetland pony cadavers (i.e., T9–L 2). Subsequently, using the ideal injectate volume and the landmarks obtained in the first phase of the study, six Shetland ponies received a bilateral TAP injection, either with a local anesthetic solution (bupivacaine 0.125%) or with saline in a randomized, crossover, blinded fashion. Effectiveness was determined over a 4 hour postinjection time, by using a pinprick technique. Significant differences were found to the responses of the pinprick evaluation between the bupivacaine- and saline-treated sides after 30 minutes of TAP block injection. Reported “learned behavior” could have affected the results of the pinprick testing. The TAP block technique reported in this study using bupivacaine 0.125% appeared effective in desensitizing the lower abdomen of ponies for up to 2 hours. Further research is required to apply this technique in horses undergoing celiotomy. Potentially larger volumes and/or higher concentrations of bupivacaine may be necessary to provide longer duration of action of the block.     

The Landscape Style and Features of Historical and Cultural Blocks in Handan,Hebei Province,China

The landscape style and features of historical and cultural blocks in Handan show the landscape characteristics of Handan in the specific cultural and historical period.To explore the landscape style and features of historical and cultural blocks in Handan is of great practical significance to maintain the characteristics of historical and cultural blocks,improve city quality,continue city culture and retain cultural characteristics.According to the advantaged natural geography,human geography factors and the current situation of landscape style and features in Handan City,this study discussed the landscape style and features of historical and cultural blocks through practical investigation and scientific research,found out the main problems and put forward corresponding protection and promotion strategies,in order to create a landscape pattern of historical and cultural blocks with cultural connotation,harmony and order,and distinctive characteristics.     

超声与神经刺激器联合引导腋路法臂丛神经阻滞效应的临床观察

目的探讨超声联合神经刺激器引导腋路臂丛神经阻滞的麻醉效果与安全性。方法 60例腋路臂丛神经阻滞患者随机分成两组,一组采用单纯神经刺激器行腋路臂丛神经阻滞（A组）,另一组采用高频超声联合神经刺激器引导腋路臂丛神经阻滞（B组）。观察两组病例的操作时间、起效时间、麻醉效果、不良反应情况。结果与A组比较,B组操作时间较短,起效时间较快,麻醉效果较好（P〈0.01或0.05）。A、B组不良反应发生率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论超声联合神经刺激器引导腋路臂丛神经阻滞安全有效。     

Ultrasound-guided posterior extraconal block in the dog: anatomical study in cadavers

Objective

To describe a novel ultrasound-guided posterior extraconal block in the dog.

Clinical and electrocardiographic presentations of transient trifascicular block in three cats

This report describes transient trifascicular block in three cats presented with lethargy and inappetence, and elevated cardiac troponin I concentrations.The electrocardiogram (ECG) of cat 1 showed a sinus rhythm with pronounced first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, right bundle branch block, and left anterior fascicular block. The ECG of cat 2 showed truncular left bundle branch block alternating with left anterior fascicular block coupled with prolonged PR intervals, second-degree heart block, and paroxysmal third-degree AV block. The ECG of cat 3 showed first-degree AV block with concomitant right bundle branch block. The diagnosis of trifascicular block was made when paroxysmal third-degree AV block was documented.All cats recovered with medical management within weeks. Each cat resumed a sinus rhythm. Elevated cardiac troponin I concentrations suggested myocarditis that improved.     

A Study on Desulphogypsum Flyash Blocks

A new type of wall materials, a block from desulphogypsum and flyash is prepared with desulph-ogypsum and flyash as solid wastes from power stations.This block presents excellent properties which can meet the requirements for non-loadbearing wall.lts binder proportion,production process,properties and economic benifits are studied and analyzed in thise paper.     

复合营养舔砖对山羊的饲用效果和作用机理研究 Ⅰ.补饲营养舔砖对增重速度、胴体性状和经济效益的影响

为验证复合营养舔砖对山羊的饲用效果,进一步完善其配方,改进产品,促进山羊生产发展,通过饲养试验和屠宰测定等手段,研究了复合营养舔砖对山羊增重速度、胴体性状和经济效益的影响．结果表明：补饲舔砖Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号的试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组羊只的平均增重速度分别比对照组提高了４３．６６％和３７．８６％;羊只胴体重、肌肉重、屠宰率和胴体瘦肉率也均显著或极显著地高于对照组,尤以试验Ⅰ组为佳;每只羊平均每天比对照组羊只分别净增纯利０．１７,０．１５元;每吨舔砖产生的直接经济效益分别在２．４１,２．０６万元以上．     

秸秆草块饲料育肥肉牛试验初报

开发秸秆饲料发展畜牧业是有效解决黄土高原北部农牧交错区水土保持与生态建设中林牧矛盾的重要措施。以玉米秸秆为原料,用粗饲料压块机生产的草块饲料进行肉牛育肥试验。