Serologic and molecular survey of horses to Coxiella burnetii in East of Iran a highly endemic area

There are few reports about Q fever in horse populations worldwide. This study aimed to detect the C. burnetii infection by serologic and molecular confirmation using commercial ELISA kit and real-time PCR in the East of Iran a region highly endemic. A total of 177 blood samples and 115 vaginal swabs were randomly collected from horses in East of Iran. The sera samples were analyzed for anti C.burnetii Ig G antibodies by a commercial ELISA kit and nucleic acid extraxted from vaginal samples were used to determine the C. burnetii DNA by real-time PCR assay. Antibodies were detected in 5.64 % (10/177) of sera samples and C. burnetii DNA was detected in 7.82 % (9/115) of horse vaginal samples. There was no significant difference in seroprevalence in different sex, age and breed groups. Our study showed that horses could be considered as a mild potential reservoir of C. burnetii which may be effective on horse health status. However, additional studies are needed to assess whether the horse could be considered as a relevant transmission risk indicator for Q fever.     

基于EXCEL的作物灌水率图自动绘制与修正

在灌区的规划设计中,传统作物灌水率图的绘制一般都是手工方法,不仅效率低且修正起来很不方便,而且现有的灌水率图绘制软件一般存在着灌水率计算和灌水率图绘制相互独立、无法实时动态修正等不足.基此,综合利用EXCEL软件强大的数据处理、分析功能以及图形自动绘制功能,将灌水率计算与灌水率图绘制有机结合,从而实现灌水率图的快速绘制和动态调整.这种方法操作方便、简单,值得在工程设计部门推广使用.     

安徽省发展大径级材森林资源的思考

珍贵大径级材是我国重要的战略资源。探讨了珍贵大径级材在安徽省培育的意义及有利条件等,并提出了相应的政策措施和技术路线。     

Controlling sprouting in potato tubers using ultraviolet-C irradiance

Legislation limiting the use of chlorpropham (CIPC), the major potato sprout suppressant, has led to a need for new technologies to extend storage life of tubers. Ultra violet C (UV-C) has been used postharvest to reduce disease incidence on many crops, yet its use and efficacy as a sprout suppressant has not been investigated. The aim of this project was to identify the optimum dose and treatment timing of UV-C treatment on potato tubers as an alternative method of sprout suppression to reduce the dependence on chemical sprout suppressants. Up to six potato cultivars over two seasons were treated with varying doses of UV-C ranging from 0 to 30 kJ m⁻² either at harvest or at first indication of dormancy break. The tubers were stored at 9 °C and sprout growth and incidence assessed. Treatment with moderate UV-C doses (5–20 kJ m⁻²) suppressed sprout length and sprout incidence in a range of cultivars. Periderm DNA damage and programmed cell death were not detected in response to any of the UV-C doses. The inactive ABA metabolite, ABA-GE, increased in response to 10 or 20 kJ m⁻² within 72 h of treatment. Multivariate analysis showed a negative relationship between ABA metabolites and sprout growth/incidence during storage. This study found that UV-C reduced sprout growth in potato with no deleterious effects on tuber quality. This suggests potential for further development as an alternative or supplement to conventional sprout suppressant technologies.     

表观遗传修饰在骨骼肌细胞增殖分化过程中的研究进展

骨骼肌是肌肉的主要构成部分，骨骼肌细胞发生增殖和分化的过程都是肌肉发育的基础，直接影响着家养动物的产肉性能。研究发现表观遗传修饰作用对骨骼肌细胞增殖分化具有重要的调控作用，表明该遗传修饰作用对家养动物肌肉发育具有重大的意义。作者从DNA甲基化对骨骼肌细胞增殖分化影响、组蛋白乙酰化所含因子调控基因选择表达作用、非编码RNA调控和染色体重塑作用所起的影响等方面分别介绍了表观遗传在骨骼肌细胞增殖分化过程中的研究进展，简述了不同修饰方式和不同作用因子对骨骼肌增殖和分化两个过程的影响。同时也回顾了前人在研究骨骼肌增殖分化过程所用到的方法和手段，进而分析了表观调控作用因子在骨骼肌生长过程中所起到的作用。旨在进一步阐述表观遗传修饰在骨骼肌增殖和分化过程中所起到的重要作用，增强对骨骼肌增殖分化调控过程的了解，为和动物生产实际相结合提供参考途径，同时也为骨骼肌生长发育等分子调控提供更多参考素材。     

南方双季稻区小行距插秧机的改进设计与试验

针对300mm行距插秧机在南方双季稻区栽插行距过大、穴数过少及不能充分发挥机插稻的增产潜力问题,在300mm行距插秧机结构的基础上,通过机械优化设计和田间农艺技术相结合的方法,对其插植部箱体、苗箱、支架(包括左右支架和中间支架)和浮板4个关键部位技术参数改进设计,研制出了适合南方双季稻区作业的2ZS-488B型(264mm行距)插秧机,并于2012-2013年在江西省2个试验点进行不同早晚稻品种机插行距的大田对比试验。结果表明:该插秧机作业性能稳定,漂秧率、伤秧率和漏插率分别为1.55%、2.68%和1.93%,相对均匀度合格率为89.54%。与300mm行距插秧机相比,其产量平均增产529.43kg/hm2,平均增产率达8.57%。该研究结果创新了南方双季稻区新的机械化栽插方式,有利于农机农艺的有效融合。     

标准化健康养猪系统管理平台建设

将信息技术广泛应用到畜牧业养殖生产中,通过建立标准化健康养猪系统管理平台,提高经营的标准化管理水平,增强经济效益,促进畜牧业养殖管理的发展和信息化进程。     

Nitrogen use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as influenced by wheat–cotton cropping systems

Wheat–cotton rotations largely increase crop yield and improve resources use efficiency, such as the radiation use efficiency. However, little information is available on the nitrogen (N) utilization and requirement of cotton under wheat–cotton rotations. This study was to determine the N uptake and use efficiency by evaluating the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) N use and the soil N balances, which will help to improve N resource management in wheat–cotton rotations. Field experiments were conducted during 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 growing seasons in the Yangtze River region in China. Two cotton cultivars (Siza 3, mid-late maturity with 130 days growth duration; CCRI 50, early maturity with 110 days growth duration) were planted under four cropping systems including monoculture cotton (MC), wheat/intercropped cotton (W/IC), wheat/transplanted cotton (W/TC) and wheat/direct-seeded cotton (W/DC). The N uptake and use efficiency of cotton were quantified under different cropping systems. The results showed that wheat–cotton rotations decreased the cotton N uptake through reducing the N accumulation rate and shortening the duration of fast N accumulation phase as compared to the monoculture cotton. Compared with MC, the N uptake of IC, TC and DC were decreased by 12.0%, 20.5% and 23.4% for Siza 3, respectively, and 7.3%, 10.7% and 17.6% for CCRI 50, respectively. Wheat–cotton rotations had a lower N harvest index as a consequence of the weaker sink capacity in the cotton plant caused by the delayed fruiting and boll formation. Wheat–cotton rotations used N inefficiently relative to the monoculture cotton, showing consistently lower level of the N agronomic use efficiency (NAE), N apparent recovery efficiency (NRE), N physiological efficiency (NPE) and N partial factor productivity (NPFP), particularly for DC. Relative to the mid–late maturity cultivar of Siza 3, the early maturity cultivar of CCRI 50 had higher N use efficiency in wheat–cotton rotations. An analysis of the crop N balance suggested that the high N excess in preceding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in wheat–cotton rotations led to significantly higher N surpluses than the monoculture cotton. The N management for the cotton in wheat–cotton rotations should be improved by means of reducing the base fertilizer input and increasing the bloom application.     

番鸭产蛋各期肝脂肪酸组成及AMPK信号通路基因表达研究

旨在探究产蛋各期番鸭肝腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）信号通路基因表达和肝脂肪酸组成,为番鸭肝脂质代谢应答产蛋提供机理研究。本研究选取开产前22周龄、产蛋初期30周龄、产蛋中期40周龄和产蛋末期60周龄母番鸭各15羽,全自动生化仪测定血脂水平,苏木精-伊红（HE）染色和油红O染色观察肝组织学结构,实时荧光定量PCR （qRT-PCR）检测肝AMPK通路基因表达,气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）检测产蛋各期肝脂肪酸组成。结果表明,总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（VLDL-C）水平在40周龄显著高于22、30和60周龄（P<0.05）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平在30和40周龄显著低于22和60周龄（P<0.05）。肝HE和油红O染色切片显示,肝在22周龄呈实质状,至产蛋40和60周龄,肝脂滴沉积明显（P<0.05）。AMPKα1在22、30、40和60周龄呈本底低水平表达,并显著低于产蛋各期肉碱脂酰转移酶1（CPT1）和脂肪酸合成酶（FAS）的表达量（P<0.05）,FAS在22、40和60周龄均呈高水平表达（P<0.05）;羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶（HMGR）、肝细胞核因子4α（HNF4α）、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶1（ACC1）和固醇调控元件结合蛋白-1（SREBP1c）在40周龄表达量显著高于22和30周龄（P<0.05）。肝中饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）主要由C16∶0、C18∶0、C18∶1和C20∶2 n-6构成,分别占总脂肪酸含量的32%、16%、30%和9%。C14∶0和C16∶0含量在40周龄显著高于22周龄（P<0.05）;C24∶0、C20∶2 n-6和PUFA含量在60周龄显著高于22和40周龄（P<0.05）。综上,番鸭产蛋期肝通过上调FAS等脂质合成基因表达,合成大量长链脂肪酸,沉积于肝,并增加血脂水平。