成体瘤背石磺不同组织中的重金属含量及其评价

采用原子吸收法测定了瘤背石磺栖息地(崇明北支芦苇滩涂)的水质、土壤及成体瘤背石磺不同组织中的各项重金属含量,并与相应的国家标准进行了比较。结果表明:瘤背石磺栖息地的水质和土壤基本符合相应的国家标准,仅土壤中的Cu和Zn含量略超过国家标准《土壤环境质量标准》,污染指数分别为1.39和1.09。瘤背石磺肝胰腺中积累了较多的Cu、Zn和Fe,含量分别高达314.33、258.33和192.40μg/g组织湿重,两性腺中的Zn含量为309.33μg/g组织湿重,显著高于其它组织(P<0.05),肌肉和卵黄腺中的重金属含量均较低。除Cd含量外,瘤背石磺肌肉中的其它重金属含量均符合国家标准《农产品安全质量:无公害水产品安全要求》中的规定要求,但是肌肉中Cd含量远低于CAC标准(国际食品法典委员会标准)规定的2.0μg/g湿重。     

Mechanochemical properties of ordinary and dark muscle myosins from seawater fish

Myosin was isolated from two types of muscle, ordinary and dark muscles, of three species of fish living in sea water. The compositions of light chains were visualized by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the mechanochemical activity was examined by in vitro motility and ATPase assays. Ordinary muscle myosin of either species had three species of light chain, whereas dark muscle myosin had another two species of light chain judged by SDS-PAGE. Sliding velocity of ordinary muscle myosin was in the range of 4.92–6.89 μm/S, whereas that of dark muscle myosin was in the range of 3.07–4.25 μm/s. Therefore, ordinary muscle myosin showed 1.26–1.95 times higher sliding velocity than dark muscle myosin in either species. The ratios of V_max of actin-activated Mg²⁺-ATPase activity of ordinary to dark muscle myosins were correlated quite well to the ratios of sliding velocity. Activity of ordinary muscle myosin was comparable to that of mammalian fast muscle myosin, but that of dark muscle myosin was twice of that of mammalian slow muscle myosin. These results may reflect the essential role of fish dark muscle myosin always used in slow cruising.     

ABB~(TM)消毒剂的研发

病毒病是危害畜禽健康的主要疾病，消毒是预防和消灭传染病的最主要的措施。ABB~（TM）消毒剂具有良好的杀病毒能力，弥补了其它消毒剂的致命缺点—杀病毒能力弱或不具有杀病毒能力或其它因素影响了杀病毒效果。ABB~（TM）是一种优秀的环境消毒专用消毒剂。     

温度与盐度和缢蛏幼体生存、生长及发育的关系

本文以长期生活在较高盐度(26—28‰)海域的亲蛏所繁衍的幼体为材料,探索温度和盐度单因子及双因子结合与幼体生存生长、发育的相互关系。浮游幼虫期适盐范围为8.4—32.4‰,最适盐度为12.4‰,稚贝适盐范围为8.4—28.4‰,最佳盐度为12.4‰。温度对幼体的影响,是受盐度高低所支配。在盐度为28.4‰生境中培育,浮游幼虫期适温范围为17—25℃,最适温度为21℃,稚贝适温范围为13—25℃,最适温度为17℃,幼体对25℃以上的较高温度的忍耐力较差。若在最适盐度(12.4‰)中培育,浮游幼虫期最适水温为25℃,稚贝最适水温为21℃。幼虫对较高盐度的忍耐力比对较低盐度的忍耐力来得强。     

雪莲果紫斑病菌生物学特性初步研究

设定不同培养基、pH值、不同温度和光照条件对雪莲果紫斑病病原菌进行生物学特性的初步研究。结果表明,雪莲果紫斑病菌的最适培养基为PDA,菌丝最适生长温度为24℃,最佳pH值为7～8,光照对菌丝生长影响不大。     

皱纹盘鲍浅海养殖技术探讨

从北方引进皱纹盘鲍子一代杂交种苗,在罗源湾岗屿周边海域养殖,经过2年的试养取得可喜结果,解决了现有盘鲍种质严重退化的棘手问题,改善了鲍的种质。     

新疆阿勒泰地区不同水体浮游生物种群特点的初步研究

１９８６—１９８９年调查了新疆阿勒泰地区３０处不同水体的浮游生物。浮游植物以硅藻为主，占５９．２％，浮游植物季节变化呈单峰型。湖泊、水库、坑塘和河流的浮游植物生物量分别为４．３５９ｍｇ／Ｌ、２．７０６ｍｇ／Ｌ、６．２３１ｍｇ／Ｌ和１．９７６ｍｇ／Ｌ，浮游动物生物量分别为３．３２ｍｇ／Ｌ、３．７７３ｍｇ／Ｌ、１．８５９ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．５４４ｍｇ／Ｌ。全区湖泊、水库、坑塘浮游生物产量为９９０９６．７１Ｔ，鱼产潜力４３９８２．４Ｔ。讨论了水体营养类型的划分和渔业利用问题。     

黑龙江细鳞斜颌鲴鱼生长的研究

本文研究了镜泊湖细鳞斜颌鲴的年龄与生长。通过对细鳞斜颌鲴鳞片上形成的年轮鉴定和退算，镜泊湖细鳞斜融鲴的1龄鱼体长为5．5cm；2龄鱼12．6cm；3龄鱼18．2cm；4龄鱼23．1cm；5龄于26．8cm；6龄鱼29．0cm。体重与体长的相关表达式为：w=0.01287513.0553,r=0.999。根据Von.Bertalanffy的生长方程的理论公式运算，其生长参数：L∞=40.8cm;W∞=1024g;-k=0.244;to=0.332,r=0.998.tip=5.2龄；Tmax＝13．7龄。     

香港垃圾倾倒活动有害渔业环境

香港方面在外伶仃岛正北约 ４．５公里处设立垃圾区，长期倾倒淤泥、垃圾。为查明倾倒活动与附近渔业环境的关系，在垃圾区附近海域进行了９个测站的表面沉积采样调查，每个样品测定沉积化学成分和粒级分类等１３个项目。根据调查所得的第一手资料，应用模糊聚类分析方法，鉴别出香港垃圾的倾倒活动，使外伶仃岛北部区域复盖了新生沉积层，并证实位于外伶仃岛北海岸的石冲湾网箱养殖区处于较主要的受影响区域内。     

Toxicity of chlorine to different sizes of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in low-salinity shrimp pond water

An experiment was conducted, in a dark room with controlled temperature (27.3–28.4 °C), to determine the acute toxicity of chlorine concentration to black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon fabicus) of sizes 0.02 g, 2.75 g, 8.47 g and 23.65 g. Toxicity tests on each of these shrimp sizes were run in triplicate in glass jars under static conditions without media renewal. The concentration of active chlorine that killed 50% of the shrimp of each size after 24‐h exposure (LC₅₀‐24 h) was used as an indicator of acute toxicity. Chlorine concentrations applied in the shrimp toxicity test ranged from 2.0 to 14.5 mg L^?1 in shrimp pond water. As the test water contained total suspended solids of 22.0–85.0 mg L^?1 and total ammonia nitrogen of 0.18–0.40 mg L^?1, the resultant concentrations of combined residual chlorine ranged from 0.6 to 3.5 mg L^?1, which were the effective doses causing shrimp mortality. The test results showed that 24‐h LC₅₀ for average shrimp size at 0.02, 2.75, 8.47 and 23.65 g occurred in water containing combined residual chlorine at a concentration of 0.91, 1.39, 1.74 and 1.98 mg L^?1, for which the original application doses were 6.96, 2.05 11.50 and 13.34 mg L^?1 respectively.