2株致犊牛腹泻大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和药敏试验

赣西某肉牛养殖场有犊牛出现消瘦、食欲下降和排腥臭稀便等症状,为确定病原采集了腹泻犊牛的新鲜粪便,采用Bio-X犊牛消化道五联原位快速诊断试剂盒进行快速诊断,同时进行病原菌的分离与鉴定;为了确定病原菌对抗菌药的敏感性,选取了磺胺嘧啶钠、青霉素、链霉素、土霉素和氧氟沙星等多种抗菌药对病原菌进行体外抑菌试验。通过临床快速诊断与实验室诊断确定该病是由大肠杆菌引起的,体外抑菌试验结果显示2株分离菌对环丙沙星高度敏感,对青霉素和头孢拉定等抗菌药表现完全耐药。该养殖场依据药敏试验结果合理用药并采取多种防治措施,数日后无新发病例并且发病牛的病情得到较好控制。     

藏北羌塘牧民家庭人口特征和收入构成之间的关系

为探讨牧民家庭人口特征和收入构成之间的关系，通过半结构式访谈调查了藏北羌塘高寒草甸、高寒草原和荒漠草原区682户牧民，比较了其家庭规模、劳动力、抚养比、草场面积、放牧强度、家庭收入及其多样性的差异，结合多元线性回归评价了家庭人口特征对收入构成的影响。结果显示：羌塘地区牧民家庭规模大（5.3人·户^-1）、抚养比高（0.62）、劳动力充足（3人·户^-1）但受教育年限短（2.3年），高度依赖政策性收入；高寒草甸区牧民家庭规模、劳动力数量及受教育年限、抚养比和放牧强度等指标显著高于高寒草原和荒漠草原区（P<0.05），后两者之间无显著差异；荒漠草原区牧民家庭草场面积和政策性收入较高（P<0.05）；家庭规模、文盲率和抚养比是影响高寒草原和荒漠草原牧民收入构成的主要因子，人口特征对高寒草甸牧民收入影响不显著。综上所述，建议分区精准施策以提高牧民生计。     

Benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the perianal region in a young pony.

A 20 x 10 cm, lobulated mass was present in the perianal region of a 4-year-old Dales pony. Histopathology revealed an unencapsulated, loose arrangement of sheets and whorls of narrow mesenchymal cells, situated in the deep dermis. Intervening areas had a myxomatous appearance. The whorls were often arranged around a central structure resembling an axon or a vascular structure. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the elongated mesenchymal cells and central axon-like structures expressed vimentin, S-100, and neuron-specific enolase, but not pancytokeratin, glial fibrillary acid protein, and the neurofilament markers, NR4 and 2F11. On the basis of the histopathology and immunohistochemistry, a diagnosis of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor (schwannoma type) was made. This case was unusual in that the concentric laminations of Schwann cells were very loosely arranged, with an intervening myxomatous stroma (Antoni type B appearance) and despite its benign histological appearance, the mass extended deeply to the proximal sacral vertebrae. Its exact origin was unclear; it may have arisen from cutaneous nerves with deep extension or from neural structures in the sacral region. Due to the incomplete surgical removal, regrowth of the mass occurred.     

枯草芽孢杆菌NBF809防治番茄棒孢叶斑病研究

采用平板对峙结合显微观察确定枯草芽孢杆菌NBF809菌株对多主棒孢的抑菌活性,采用活体盆栽试验研究其对番茄棒孢叶斑病的防治效果。结果表明,在平板对峙条件下NBF809菌株对多主棒孢具有良好的抑菌活性,显微镜下观察到菌丝发生扭曲、肿胀和变形;盆栽试验结果表明NBF809菌株对番茄棒孢叶斑病的防治效果达到73.26%。聚合酶链式反应用于检测NBF809菌株的抗菌素生物合成基因,扩增到bac D、itu C、itu D、mrs M和myc C 5个基因,涉及Bacilysin、Iturin、Mersacidin和Mycosubtilin 4种抗菌素的合成。     

江西省萍乡市某羊场布鲁菌病的流行病学分析

江西省萍乡市某山羊场妊娠母羊散发流产,为了分析该羊场流产的发生是否与布鲁菌感染有关,同时掌握该羊场布鲁菌病的流行情况,随机抽样采血共分离得到100份山羊血清,首先使用虎红平板凝集试验进行初步鉴定,然后通过试管凝集试验重新检测阳性血清。结果表明,该羊场布鲁菌病阳性率为20％。由此可以得出,该羊场的布鲁菌病防控工作存在较严重的问题,应制定有效的防治措施,将山羊布鲁菌病的检测纳入日常疾病监测工作中,最终达到净化该病的目的。     

Repair of experimental plaque-induced periodontal disease in dogs

Forty mongrel dogs were used in this study for induction of periodontal disease by placing subgingival silk ligatures affecting maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth during a 12-month period. Experimental premolar teeth received monthly clinical, radiographic, and histometric/pathologic assessments. The results demonstrated significant increases in scores and values of periodontal disease parameters associated with variable degrees of alveolar bone loss. The experimental maxillary premolar teeth exhibited more severe and rapid rates of periodontal disease compared with mandibular premolar teeth. Histometric analysis showed significant reduction in free and attached gingiva of the experimental teeth. Histopathological examination of buccolingual sections from experimental premolar teeth showed the presence of rete pegs within the sulcular epithelium with acanthosis and erosive changes, widening of the periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone resorption. Various methods for periodontal repair were studied in 194 experimental premolar teeth exhibiting different degrees of periodontal disease. The treatment plan comprised non-surgical (teeth scaling, root planing, and oral hygiene) and surgical methods (closed gingival curettage, modified Widman flap, and reconstructive surgery using autogenous bone marrow graft and canine amniotic membrane). The initial non-surgical treatment resulted in a periodontal recovery rate of 37.6% and was found effective for treatment of early periodontal disease based on resolution of gingivitis and reduction of periodontal probing depths. Surgical treatment by closed gingival curettage to eliminate the diseased pocket lining resulted in a recovery rate of 48.8% and proved effective in substantially reducing deep periodontal pockets. Open root planing following flap elevation resulted in a recovery rate of 85.4% and was effective for deep and refractory periodontal pockets. Autogenous bone graft implantation combined with canine amniotic membrane as a biodegradable membrane was used in 18 premolar teeth and failed to improve advanced furcation defects in most teeth.     

Effects of no‐take area size and age of marine protected areas on fisheries yields: a meta‐analytical approach

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are often promoted as tools for biodiversity conservation as well as for fisheries management. Despite increasing evidence of their usefulness, questions remain regarding the optimal design of MPAs, in particular concerning their function as fisheries management tools, for which empirical studies are still lacking. Using 28 data sets from seven MPAs in Southern Europe, we developed a meta‐analytical approach to investigate the effects of protection on adjacent fisheries and asking how these effects are influenced by MPA size and age. Southern European MPAs showed clear effects on the surrounding fisheries, on the ‘catch per unit effort’ (CPUE) of target species, but especially on the CPUE of the marketable catch. These effects depended on the time of protection and on the size of the no‐take area. CPUE of both target species and the marketable catch increased gradually by 2–4% per year over a long time period (at least 30 years). The influence of the size of the no‐take area appeared to be more complex. The catch rates of the entire fishery in and around the MPA were higher when the no‐take areas were smaller. Conversely, catch rates of selected fisheries that were expected to benefit most from protection increased when the no‐take area was larger. Our results emphasize the importance of MPA size on its export functions and suggest that an adequate, often extended, time frame be used for the management and the evaluation of effectiveness of MPAs.